94-523: Hokitika Cemetery , also known as Seaview Cemetery , is the cemetery for Hokitika in New Zealand. The cemetery is located on Hospital Hill Road in the suburb of Seaview on an elevated site north-east of the town, giving a good outlook over the settlement and the Tasman Sea. State Highway 6 is located at the bottom of the hill. Hokitika Airport is located just east of the cemetery. Previously,
188-513: A campaign that moved down from the Karamea district, fighting battles at Whanganui Inlet, Kawatiri , Māwhera , Taramakau , Arahura, Hokitika , Ōkārito, and finally at Makawhio , with the final defeat occurring in Te Paparoa ranges . After their victory, Tūhuru's party discussed at Rūnanga whether they should return home or stay in the area. A decision was not reached, so they discussed
282-845: A collection of ancient groups. Other iwi that Ngāi Tahu encountered while migrating through the South Island were Ngāi Tara , Rangitāne , Ngāti Tūmatakōkiri , and Ngāti Wairangi – all of which also migrated from the North Island at varying times. During the 19th century, hundreds of thousands of Europeans – mostly British – migrated to New Zealand. After European arrival, Ngāti Toa (allied with Ngāti Tama ) and Ngāti Rārua invaded Ngāi Tahu's territory with muskets . Some European settlers intermingled with native iwi populations, and today, most families who descend from Ngāi Tahu also have Ngāti Māmoe and British ancestry. Ngāi Tahu translates as "People of Tahu", referencing
376-482: A funeral pyre. Tamaraeroa's wife was killed as well, but they left a son named Te Aohuraki. Huirapa's son Marainaka also survived the fighting. Next the brothers Pahirua and Tahumatā sought out to defeat Marukore. As they were about to take advice from a local chief named Rākaimoari, his daughter Hinewai-a-tapu made a remark about Tahumatā which sparked the Battle of Te Pakiaka ("The Roots") that lasted for some days. It
470-477: A growing ecotourism industry has grown up and the town is starting to show signs of recovery. It has become a major tourist stop on the West Coast's main highway route, with carving of greenstone an important local industry. It is also gaining a reputation for its annual wild food festival which has been running since 1990. Seaview Asylum was once the town's biggest employer. Another important industry
564-571: A major incursion into Ngāi Tahu territory. By 1839 Ngāi Tahu and Ngāti Toa established peace and Te Rauparaha released the Ngāi Tahu captives he held at Kapiti. Formal marriages between the leading families in the two tribes sealed the peace. In 1840 more than 500 chiefs from all over New Zealand signed the Treaty of Waitangi with representatives of the Crown . Only one sheet was used in the South Island –
658-636: A mock funeral was held in protest about the conviction and hanging of three Irish Fenians in Manchester – the Manchester Martyrs . The funeral was led by Roman Catholic Father William Larkin and a Celtic Cross was erected in the Hokitika Cemetery . Larkin was later arrested, charged, and convicted of riot and seditious libel. In 1873 Hokitika became the capital of the short-lived Westland Province which lasted from 1873 until
752-746: A more notable instance, is when Rākaihikuroa's other son Rākaipaaka was insulted by local Chief Tūtekohi who had invited him to his pā and then fed the prepared feast to his kurī (dog) Kauerehuanui. The visitors showed no reaction at the time, but after leaving, Whaitiripoto instructed Whakaruru-a-Nuku to go back and eat the dog in revenge. This action resulted in war against the Takutaioterangi pā and their allies. A similar engagement occurred with Ngāi Tahu, involving Chief Rakawahakura (great-grandson of Ira-a-Tahu), Whaitiripoto, and Whakaruru-a-Nuku. The fish and birds for this feast were actually cleverly carved chunks of wood, designed to give
846-544: A new alliance between their iwi , after which they successfully attacked Rangitāne in the Wairau Valley . For this Ngāti Māmoe then ceded the east coast regions north of Waiau Toa to Ngāi Tahu, and Tūteurutira and Hinerongo married and settled at the pā . In the Battle of Ōpokihi against Ngāti Māmoe, Marukaitātea was rescued by his brothers Makō-ha-kirikiri and Kahupupuni. At the Pariwhakatau pā near
940-437: A population density of 276 people per km . Before the 2023 census, the town had a smaller boundary, covering 3.91 km (1.51 sq mi). Using that boundary, Hokitika had a population of 2,892 at the 2018 New Zealand census , a decrease of 75 people (−2.5%) since the 2013 census , and a decrease of 186 people (−6.0%) since the 2006 census . There were 1,305 households, comprising 1,374 males and 1,521 females, giving
1034-399: A series of battles between the two iwi . In the North Island, Hikaororoa, a prominent tribal member, attacked Te Mata-ki-kaipoinga pā after Tūāhuriri insulted him. Tūtekawa (Tūāhuriri's brother-in-law of senior Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāti Porou, and Ngāti Māmoe connections) withdrew his men to attack at another angle after his younger relative recognised an insult from Hikaororoa. He sent
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#17327906673141128-449: A sex ratio of 0.9 males per female. The median age was 47.5 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 459 people (15.9%) aged under 15 years, 474 (16.4%) aged 15 to 29, 1,278 (44.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 687 (23.8%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 86.4% European/ Pākehā , 20.1% Māori , 1.7% Pasifika , 4.9% Asian , and 1.3% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
1222-499: A threat from Rerewaka, a local chief. Ngāti Toa then visited Kaiapoi, ostensibly to trade. When Ngāti Toa attacked their hosts, the well-prepared Ngāi Tahu killed all the leading Ngāti Toa chiefs except Te Rauparaha who subsequently returned to his stronghold at Kapiti Island . During this time Ngati Tumatakokiri continued attacking the Poutini Ngāi Tahu from Kawatiri over land and hunting disputes, with Ngāti Rārua also attacking
1316-430: A window to remove the breach on tapu , where he and Tūmaro greeted him with open arms. Te Hikutawatawa was still outraged at his mana being defiled by Kahukura-te-paku, so he returned later to destroy the site and kill everyone who lived there. After this he was known as Tūāhuriri ( tūāhu meaning "sacred altar", riri meaning "to be angry"). Late in the 17th century the iwi began migrating to
1410-763: Is also buried in the mausoleum. Hokitika Hokitika is a town in the West Coast region of New Zealand's South Island , 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Greymouth , and close to the mouth of the Hokitika River . It is the seat and largest town in the Westland District . The town's estimated population is 3,250 as of June 2024. On a clear day Aoraki / Mount Cook can clearly be seen from Hokitika's main street. The name Hokitika translates from Māori as "to return directly" (from hoki , 'to return', and tika , 'direct'). According to
1504-506: Is an historical instance that highlights the importance of the ariki 's spiritual status, and the importance of tapu . The feud sparked when a woman from the Waikakahi pā at Wairewa named Murihaka wore a dogskin cloak which belonged to Tamaiharanui, thus causing an insult to him. His followers then killed Rerewaka, a slave of one of Murihaka's relatives. The relatives then responded by killing another chief, Hape. Hape's wife
1598-638: Is dairying, with Westland Milk Products having its headquarters and main processing plant in the town. Westland Milk Products was established as a dairy co-operative in 1937, and was sold to the Yili Group in 2019. It is the country's third-equal largest dairy processor as of 2018. Hokitika has a 3D digital cinema, the Regent Theatre, due to volunteer hours and grants from the Lions foundation, Lottery's commission, Development West Coast through
1692-532: Is one of the wettest places in New Zealand, with over 2,800 mm (110 in) of rainfall per year. Nearby Hokitika Gorge is a popular short tourist walk, with vibrant blue water and a "swing" (metal rope suspension) bridge. The Hokitika urban area, as defined by Statistics New Zealand, covers 11.78 km (4.55 sq mi) and is coterminous with the Hokitika statistical area. The urban area has an estimated population of 3,250 as of June 2024, with
1786-541: Is the largest in New Zealand, and extends from the White Bluffs / Te Parinui o Whiti (southeast of Blenheim ), Mount Mahanga and Kahurangi Point in the north to Stewart Island / Rakiura in the south. The takiwā comprises 18 rūnanga (governance areas) corresponding to traditional settlements. According to the 2018 census an estimated 74,082 people affiliated with the Kāi Tahu iwi. Ngāi Tahu originated in
1880-492: The pā at Onawe . In 1832–33 Ngāi Tahu retaliated under the leadership of Tūhawaiki , Taiaroa, Karetai , and Haereroa, attacking Ngāti Toa at Lake Grassmere . Ngāi Tahu prevailed, and killed many Ngāti Toa, although Te Rauparaha again escaped. In 1834 Chief Iwikau, brother of Te Maiharanui, led a war party into the Marlborough Sounds , though Ngāti Toa had hidden from them and could not be found. The campaign
1974-600: The pā empty however, as Taiaroa had warned their people that the attackers would arrive with muskets. It is thought that this was the first instance of firearms in Canterbury. Since they had killed nobody at Waikakahi, the Kaiapoi warriors feared ridicule. They happened across the nephew of Chief Taununu, of Rīpapa Island , and killed him. In retaliation Taununu overran the Whakaepa pā , near Coalgate , killing
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#17327906673142068-590: The Arahura Deed . This was the sale of the whole of the West Coast region, apart from small areas reserved for Māori. It was almost 3 million hectares and sold to the Crown for £300. Founded on gold mining in 1864, it was a centre of the West Coast gold rush and grew very quickly. Members of the Jewish community ran stores and businesses and built a synagogue in Tancred St. One of them, John Lazar ,
2162-538: The Burgess Gang . Drowning, either while crossing the Hokitika bar or attempting to cross a river, was such a common death that it became known as the West Coast Disease, and between 1865 and 1870 more than 40 deaths by drowning were recorded. Amongst the earliest burials in the cemetery are those who drowned after a boat ferrying passengers from the steamer SS Lady Darling to shore, on 29 July 1865,
2256-556: The Conway area , Makō-ha-kirikiri was with his sisters Te Apai and Tokerau, Manawa-i-waho's wives, when Tukiauau sneaked in and killed Manawa. The former three were spared by the protection of the guardian, Te Hineumutahi. However, they were forced to leave the pā through her legs (she would have been a wooden figure or carving suspended in the air). By the 1690s Ngāi Tahu had settled in Canterbury , including Ngāti Kurī conquering
2350-647: The Gisborne District of the North Island , along with Ngāti Porou and Ngāti Kahungunu , who all intermarried amongst the local Ngāti Ira. Over time, all but Ngāti Porou would migrate away from the district. Several iwi were already occupying the South Island prior to Ngāi Tahu's arrival, with Kāti Māmoe only having arrived about a century earlier from the Hastings District , and already having conquered Waitaha , who themselves were
2444-472: The Hokitika Branch was established to the town from Greymouth in 1893, and an extension to Ross was open from 1909 to 1980. Passengers to Hokitika were initially served by mixed trains that carried both goods and passengers. In 1936, these services were augmented by a Leyland diesel railbus service that ran from Hokitika to Greymouth, Christchurch , and briefly Reefton . In the early 1940s,
2538-480: The Hokitika Clock Tower was later erected in the same place in 1902. The monument memorialises four explorers, surveyors Henry Whitcombe (1830–1863), Charlton Howitt (1838–1863), and George Dobson (1840–1866), and government agent Charles Townsend (1826–1863). Whitcombe, Howitt and Townsend all drowned in separate accidents in 1863, while Dobson was mistaken for a gold buyer, E.B. Fox, and murdered by
2632-536: The Man Booker Prize in 2013. The novel Hokitika Town , by Charlotte Randall , is set in Hokitika. The 2004 historical novel The Colour by Rose Tremain is partially set in 1860s Hokitika. The 1999 movie Magik and Rose was set in Hokitika. Ng%C4%81i Tahu Ngāi Tahu , or Kāi Tahu , is the principal Māori iwi (tribe) of the South Island . Its takiwā (tribal area)
2726-546: The Ministry for Culture and Heritage , the name comes from when a band of Ngāi Tahu warriors in search of greenstone were about to attack Ngāti Wairangi pā . The chief of the invaders drowned while trying to cross the Hokitika River, and the leaderless taua (army) then returned directly to their own home. The land where Hokitika stands was purchased in 1860 from Māori when Poutini Ngāi Tahu chiefs signed
2820-583: The New Zealand (Māori) Pioneer Battalion . A handful of notable servicemen included: Turu Rakerawa Hiroti, Hoani Parata, James William Tepene, and John Charles Tamanuiarangi Tikao, all of whom held the rank of captain . One soldier born of chiefly ranking was Private Hohepa Teihoka of Kaiapoi, who was nearly 19 years old when he arrived in Dardanelles in July 1915. George Henry West (Kāi Te Rakiāmoa)
2914-524: The Vulcan railcars were introduced and they provided a twice-daily service between Ross and Christchurch via Hokitika. The mixed trains continued to operate until 1967, and all passenger services to Hokitika ceased when the Vulcan railcars stopped running past Greymouth in 1972. Since then, the line to Hokitika has been freight only with traffic primarily coming from Westland Milk Products. In 1865, after
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3008-535: The pounamu that can be found there. It is said to have been Tūrakautahi's decision to learn the genealogies and traditions of Ngāti Wairangi and Ngāti Tūmatakōkiri , the former of which already shared a common ancestry with Ngāi Tahu through the ancestors Tura and Paikea, and the latter being of the Kurahaupō waka like Ngāti Māmoe, Ngāi Tara, and Rangitāne. A similar approach was also taken to learn Waitaha's genealogies and stories. Myths that Ngāi Tahu brought to
3102-517: The Cook Strait (Henry Williams) sheet on 14 May – and from three Ngāti Kahungunu members at Hawke's Bay on 24 June, amounting to a total of 27 signatures for the sheet. At the very end of the 19th century a Ngāi Tahu man named William Timaru Joss (1844–1895), a Stewart Island whaler and captain of the mailboat Ulva , was a member of the first confirmed landing party of the Antarctic on
3196-531: The Herald (Bunbury) sheet carried with Major Thomas Bunbury aboard HMS Herald which sailed from the Bay of Islands on 28 April. The Cook Strait ( Henry Williams ) sheet was used at Arapaoa Island and Rangitoto ki te Tonga / D'Urville Island at the northern end of the South Island, but was not signed by Ngāi Tahu. The sheet's first four signatures came from Coromandel Harbour one week later on 4 May, and
3290-480: The Major District Initiative and pub charity. The Art Deco theatre is a heritage building and narrowly avoided being demolished, thanks to a last-minute coup in the management committee. Community performances are also held there. Hokitika has a drama group which produce plays. It is also on the circuit for Arts on Tour and well known artists from many countries as well as New Zealand perform at
3384-583: The Old Lodge Theatre. Every January, Hokitika beach hosts the Driftwood and Sand Festival. The festival involves members of the public and a sponsored artist constructing sculptures out of beach debris. Driftwood and Sand originated in beach festival run by Hokitika artist Donald Buglass in November 2002, and it has been run as an annual festival since 2003. The Hokitika Museum is housed in
3478-536: The Poutini Ngāi Tahu with muskets, seeking pounamu. In November 1830 Te Rauparaha persuaded Captain John Stewart of the brig Elizabeth to carry him and his warriors in secret to Takapūneke near present-day Akaroa , where by subterfuge they captured Tamaiharanui and his wife and daughter. After destroying Takapūneke they embarked for Kapiti with their captives. Tamaiharanui strangled his daughter and threw her overboard to save her from slavery. Ngāti Toa killed
3572-626: The South Island themselves include those of the Takitimu Mountains (being the Tākitimu waka ) and the Āraiteuru . Tūrakautahi and one Te-ake narrowly escaped slaughter in Ngāti Wairangi territory after others had been slain for breaking sacred customs. Tūrakautahi's brother Tānetiki, and two relatives Tūtaemaro and Tūtepiriraki, had not been so fortunate however. The brothers' uncle Hikatūtae chopped off their heads and returned to
3666-467: The Taumutu people to come back home, assuring that the war was over. He however returned first and lay in wait for the Taumutu people with muskets. According to Hakopa Te Ata-o-Tu, a member of Tamaiharanui's party, Tamaiharanui became less enthusiastic about the attack when he realised the refugees had their own muskets. Nonetheless, he was convinced to attack, and the refugees were killed. The final act of
3760-543: The Tukemōkihi block. Owing to growing tensions between the various iwi inhabiting the surrounding area, many groups began their migration away from Waerenga-a-Hika in the Gisborne District. One of the earliest notable instances of tension was where Rākaihikuroa, grandson of Kahungunu , killed his own twin brothers out of jealousy, and was banished after his own son Tupurupuru was killed in revenge. Perhaps
3854-666: The Tūhuru wharenui (meeting house). In October 2020, the Government committed $ 161,131 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade the marae, and create four jobs. State Highway 6 passes through the town. The first rail transport was the Hokitika & Kanieri Tramway laid with wooden rails was established in 1868, with cars drawn by horses. A road followed in 1873. A branch line railway known as
Hokitika Cemetery - Misplaced Pages Continue
3948-617: The abolition of provinces in 1876. In the early 20th century Hokitika had two hospitals, the Westland Hospital and the Seaview Asylum . In October 1941, three Hokitika police officers (and a policeman stationed in the neighbouring locality of Kaniere ), along with a field instructor for the Canterbury education board, were killed when a local farmer, Stanley Graham , went on a shooting rampage and killed seven people, including two armed Home guard personnel. In
4042-504: The ancestor of Ngāi Tūāhuriri, was born illegitimate. Owing to Rākaitekura's high rank, Tūmaro was unable to kill her, so instead had her prepare herself for marriage with Te Aohikuraki. The stream where she did up her hair was called Koukourārata . Tūmaro gathered his family and departed for Waimea, near Nelson across the Cook Strait , leaving Rākaitekura and Te Hikutawatawa behind. Curiosity burning in him since childhood, when
4136-590: The area for many years. Its name was changed in 1963 to Westland High School , which caters for years 7 to 13 and has a roll of 384. Hokitika School is a contributing primary (years 1–6) school with a roll of 212. St Mary's School is a full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of 130. It is a state integrated Catholic school and is connected with St Mary's Catholic Church . All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of August 2024. Hokitika has one sister city . The events of The Luminaries , by Eleanor Catton , take place within Hokitika. The book won
4230-463: The beach Te Rāpaki-o-Te Rakiwhakaputa . He destroyed Ngāti Māmoe's pā at Mānuka, across the hills at Taitapu , and prior to that also lived at Te Pā-o-Te Rakiwhakaputa on the Cam River / Ruataniwha for a time. His son Manuhiri drove Ngāti Māmoe out of Ōhinetahi and set up his base there, and his other son Te Wheke set up his own base on Avon River / Ōtākaro 's estuary. Makō-ha-kirikiri
4324-520: The bodies of all the slain there. The remaining children of the warring parents would move down to a place called Te Oreorehua in Wairarapa where Hinehou was already living, and southward to Te Whanganui-a-Tara within a few generations. In Wellington Te Aohikuraki, the senior chief, slept with Rākaitekura (a high ranking Ngāi Tahu woman) while her husband Tūmaro was away visiting his family. Of this Te Hikutawatawa (later named Tūāhuriri ),
4418-536: The cemetery was in 1872. John Lazar , who had been Mayor of Adelaide, Provincial Treasurer and a prominent Freemason , was buried in Hokitika in 1879. In 1898 the local paper records complaints about Chinese residents' celebrations of the Feast of the Dead, causing "litter and ugly confusion" in the cemetery, the effects of which could be minimised by "setting apart a portion of the cemetery for Chinese interments". In 1902,
4512-557: The continent of Antarctica at Cape Adare , along with Captain Kristensen , Bull , Borchgrevink , and Tunzelmann in January 1895, making Joss the first known Māori to get so close to the continent. Timaru William Joss (1905–1955), William Timaru's grandson, joined Admiral Richard E. Byrd 's expedition to Antarctica in 1935. Over 270 individuals of Ngāi Tahu connection served during World War I , including some who fought with
4606-430: The cousin of Ngāi Tahu's leading chief Te-hau-tapunui-o-Tū, and of Honekai, son of Te-hau-tapunui-o-Tū, with Raki-ihia's daughter Kohuwai. Despite this, occasional skirmishes still continued. Tūhuru Kokare, a grandson of Tūrakautahi's son Waewae (thus chief of Ngāti Waewae), became an active member in the battles against Ngāti Wairangi around the turn of the century. He first defeated them at Lake Brunner , and then began
4700-404: The deaths of his sisters. Tūtekawa's son Te Rakitāmau returned to the home, where he found his wife Punahikoia and children unharmed, and the attackers sleeping near the fire. Te Rakitāmau did not avenge Tūtekawa, but instead left a sign that he spared the attackers' lives, and peace was eventually restored between their descendants. Chief Te Rakiwhakaputa claimed the area of Whakaraupō , naming
4794-400: The discovery of gold in the area, the town became the official port of entry of the West Coast. A boom period ensued when Hokitika was second only to Auckland, with reports of over 40 ships in the harbour at one time, with more waiting offshore. It was a dangerous port, with 108 strandings and 32 ships lost from 1865 to 1867. The lack of nearby coal meant that the port declined rapidly along with
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#17327906673144888-456: The east coast down to Kaikōura , and Ngāti Irakehu peaceably settling among Banks Peninsula 's Ngāti Māmoe. The last battle that was fought between the two iwi up to that point was the Battle of Waipapa, before Ngāti Kurī took the Takahanga pā . Marukaitātea chose to stay here, while other chiefs continued to push south. Around this time, the ariki Tūteāhuka was moving the last of
4982-499: The ensuing manhunt, the biggest in New Zealand history, overseen by the Commissioner of Police, Denis Cummings , more than 100 New Zealand Police and several hundred New Zealand Army & Home Guard searched the area for the gunman for 12 days, with orders to shoot him on sight if found still armed. On 20 October, after being spotted by two police constables and a local civilian carrying his rifle and ammunition belts, Graham
5076-591: The famous chief of Ngāi Tūhaitara born with a club foot , established Te Kōhaka-a-kaikai-a-waro pā (now the Kaiapoi pā ) at the Taerutu Lagoon near Woodend , and claimed the area around Banks Peninsula. With the discovery of Nōti Raureka (Browning Pass) by its namesake Raureka, of the West Coast iwi Ngāti Wairangi , Ngāi Tūhaitara quickly developed an interest in Te Tai Poutini for
5170-465: The feud was the killing of Taununu, who was tomahawked to death along with his companion, near Ōtokitoki. In 1827–1828 Ngāti Toa , under the leadership of Te Rauparaha and armed with muskets, successfully attacked Kāti Kurī at Kaikōura, who were already expecting the Tū-te-pākihi-rangi hapū of Ngāti Kahungunu as friendly visitors. He named the battle Niho Maaka ("Shark's Tooth") after
5264-533: The glaciers and remote landing strips beyond Haast and north up to Westport. Its first scheduled flight was in December 1934. Directors were Hokitika residents: Bert Mercer , Paul Renton and Harry Newman. After the second world war , Air Travel was nationalised and became part of NAC . A school was described as "recently opened" in Hokitika in 1875, and had nearly 350 students. The Hokitika District High School provided both primary and secondary education for
5358-405: The gold, though Hokitika remained an official entry port until the 1950s. Air New Zealand provides two flights a day to Christchurch. The Hokitika Airport is adjacent to the town, immediately to the north-east in the suburb of Seaview. Hokitika's Southside airfield was the base of Air Travel , New Zealand's first airline. Air Travel carried passengers, mail and freight south from Hokitika to
5452-452: The headdress's plume was still visible in the dirt. This was considered a bad omen and so the body was discarded with the incident being called Pikitūroa ("The Long Standing Feather Plumes"). Marukore and Tūhaitara would both die in the Battle of Tapapanui, at the hands of their son Pahirua who was very angry about the whole situation. In one telling of the series of battles, Hinehou and Pahirua built Kārara Kōpae together, and burnt
5546-400: The impression of those foods being prepared in the storehouse. The later battle came to be known as Te Whataroa because of this. The children began playing games, enticing the adults to join in as a distraction while the hosts began to form their attack, even killing the visitors' dogs. Tūtekohi ultimately won, and so Ngāi Tahu was forced to move further down the North Island. Rakawahakura
5640-494: The inhabitants. The Otago hapū attacked Waikakahi again, and although Taiaroa had again warned them, they were pursued and killed. Two of Tamaiharanui's close kin, his sisters, were slaughtered. The Otago and Taumutu parties destroyed the Rīpapa pā before returning to Otago. Many settlements and communities along Banks Peninsula were abandoned in the series of retaliatory attacks. Tamaiharanui then went to Otago and persuaded
5734-466: The island. One, Moki, another son of Tūāhuriri, had received reports from Kaiapu and Tamakino (brothers of Mārewa, Moki's wife) that his father's wife's killer, Tūtekawa, was living just further south at Te Waihora. He set off in his canoe, Makawhiu , and attacked various small villages including the Parakākāriki pā at Ōtanerito . Tūtekawa was ultimately killed by Whākuku instead of Moki, avenging
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#17327906673145828-403: The jail, mental institution ( Seaview Asylum ) and hospital were located between the cemetery and the airport, and there is a memorial in the cemetery to the inmates of the asylum and gaol who were buried in unmarked graves. The Westland Explorers' Monument was erected in 1868 in the centre of the intersection of Weld and Sewell Streets. It was moved to the entrance of Hokitika Cemetery in 1880;
5922-552: The largest monument in Hokitika Cemetery and is listed by Heritage New Zealand as a Category II structure. It is the only mausoleum on the West Coast . The mausoleum was built to house the infant sons of Thomas Walter Hungerford and Eliza (née Delany). Both the sons were also named Thomas Walter, and died in Feb 1873 (aged 18 months) and Feb 1874 (aged 10 months). A local court bailiff Thomas Christian (d. 2 April 1878 aged 52)
6016-594: The matter again near Kaiata and Omotumotu after crossing Māwheranui , and made the decision to construct a pā at Māwhera. They became known as the Poutini Ngāi Tahu . The Kaihuānga feud of the 1820s heavily involved the upoko ariki (paramount chief) Tamaiharanui , whose status was so spiritually superior within the iwi that people of lower ranking would avert their gaze and avoid looking at him directly. If his shadow fell upon food, that food became tapu and had to be destroyed. The Kaihuānga feud
6110-502: The name of the ancestor Tahupōtiki . Alongside the other iwi that Ngāi Tahu absorbed, there are five primary hapū (sub-tribes) of Ngāi Tahu, which are: Ngāti Kurī, Ngāti Irakehu, Kāti Huirapa, Ngāi Tūāhuriri, and Ngāi Te Ruakihikihi. A branch of Ngāi Tūāhuriri and Ngāti Kurī, Kāi Te Rakiāmoa, was one of the latest hapū which the leading chiefs descended from. Ngāi Tahu trace their traditional descent from Tahupōtiki (also Te Tuhi-māreikura-ooho-a-tama-wahine), and Tahumatua ),
6204-597: The next two were signed aboard HMS Herald just off the Mercury Islands on 7 May. These signatures were collectively from the iwi Ngāti Whanaunga , Ngāti Pāoa , and Ngāti Maru . The first Ngāi Tahu signatory was Chief Iwikau at Akaroa on 30 May, followed by Hone Tīkao signing as John Love. His nephew was Hone Taare Tikao . The third Ngāi Tahu signatory was Chief Tūhawaiki signing as John Touwaick aboard HMS Herald at Ruapuke Island on 10 June, who requested Kaikoura (possibly Kaikōura Whakatau) to sign on
6298-570: The northern end of the Wharerātā Range . Karimoe instead moved northwards and settled at the banks of the Mangaheia stream, inwards of Ūawanui-a-Ruamatua . The family later moved to Iwitea , where Tahupōtiki built the Taumatahīnaki pā . The ancestor Te Matuahanga (descendant of Tūroto and Rakaroa) is still known in the area around there. More pā were established further inland along
6392-594: The northern part of the South Island under the leadership of the Ngāti Kurī chief Pūrahonui, with his sons Makō-ha-kirikiri and Marukaitātea, establishing the Kaihinu pā in the Tory Channel / Kura Te Au . After an incident in which a Ngāi Tahu taua had desecrated the bones of one of Ngāi Tara 's ancestors, Pūrahonui was murdered in revenge early one morning when he went to relieve himself. This broke out into
6486-421: The other children would pick fun on him for being illegitimate, Te Hikutawatawa left Kaiwhakawaru seeking out his step-father. Upon his arrival to Waimea, Tūmaro's father Kahukura-te-paku, not knowing who he was, had intended to cannibalise him, but later put a stop to the meal preparations when local children heard Te Hikutawatawa muttering of his origins. Kahukura-te-paku then asked Te Hikutawatawa to climb through
6580-525: The prominent Kāti Kurī hapū . Tūhaitara instructed Tamaraeroa and Huirapa to kill Marukore at a place called Papanui . However, Marukore knew of their plan and defeated them in the Battle of Hūkete after which their sister Hinehou laid them on the floor of her whare for her grandchildren to see, and left her belongings with them before burning down the building in an incident now known as Kārara Kōpae ("The Laying Down of Fighting Chiefs"). Alternatively, Marukore himself burned their bodies on
6674-471: The remaining captives. John Stewart, though arrested and sent to trial in Sydney as an accomplice to murder, nevertheless escaped conviction. Another captive, Hōne Tīkao (Ngāi Te Kahukura, Ngāi Tūāhuriri) did survive and would later visit France . In the summer of 1831–1832 Te Rauparaha attacked the Kaiapoi pā . After a three-month siege, a fire in the pā allowed Ngāti Toa to overcome it. Ngāti Toa then attacked Ngāi Tahu on Banks Peninsula and took
6768-657: The remains of fifteen Chinese people were disinterred from Hokitika Cemetery for return to China. Unfortunately these remains were on board the SS Ventnor , which sank after hitting a reef. According to the New Zealand War Graves Project, Hokitika Cemetery holds four war graves. Three of the soldiers served in World War I and one served in the Vietnam War . The Hungerford Mausoleum is
6862-473: The rest of the family at Kaikōura. Makō-ha-kirikiri of Wairewa and Moki both avenged the deaths near where the bodies were found in the water, on the shores of Lake Mahinapua in the battle called Tāwiri-o-Te Makō . Moki was later cursed by two tohunga , Iriraki and Tautini, for insulting two women. He is said to be buried at Kaitukutuku, near the Waikūkū flaxmill. After the battle, Makō-ha-kirikiri established
6956-653: The same day, who was then followed by Taiaroa (or Tararoa; possibly Te Matenga Taiaroa). The last Ngāi Tahu signatures were from Otago Heads on 13 June. The signatories were Hone Karetai (Ngāti Ruahikihiki, Ngāi Te Kahukura, Ngāi Tūāhuriri, Ngāti Hinekura) signing as John Karitai at Ōtākou , and one Korako (Ngāi Tūāhuriri, Ngāti Huirapa) whose identity is not known for certain, but could be either Hōne Wētere Kōrako, Kōrako Karetai, or Hoani Kōrako among others. The last signatures mostly came from members of Ngāti Toa at Te Koko-o-Kupe / Cloudy Bay (17 June) and Mana Island (19 June) – including Te Rauparaha who had already signed
7050-477: The same relative to warn Tūāhuriri to escape, which he did into a nearby bush. For unknown reasons, when Tūtekawa entered the pā , he slew Tūāhuriri's wives Hinekaitaki and Tuarāwhati (Whākuku's sisters). After the battle, Tūtekawa fled down to Waikākahi on the shores of Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora where he lived amongst his fellow Ngāti Māmoe. Tūtekawa's own wife Tūkōrero was a sister to Tūāhuriri's other wife Hinetewai (mother of Hāmua, Tūrakautahi, and Moki). He
7144-505: The town's Carnegie library building. The Hokitika Sock Machine Museum in Revell Street has on display a collection of antique sock-knitting machines. Visitors are invited to knit their own socks. Hokitika also has a modern library, thriving community groups, and many excellent artists. Arahura Marae is located near Hokitika. It is a marae (tribal meeting ground) of Ngāi Tahu and its Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Waewae branch, and includes
7238-565: The tribe's members to the South Island through the Cook Strait. As a consequence for ignoring Chief Te Aweawe's advice to strap two canoes together for a safer passage, Tūāhuriri is said to have been left to drown along with Tūmaro while trying to leave Wellington. It is very likely that Tūāhuriri's eldest son Hāmua also drowned, otherwise he might have died in Kaikōura at a young age. After establishing dominance down to Kaikōura, many of Ngāi Tahu's leading chiefs were ready to expand further south into
7332-464: The year 1725 during the Battle of Waitaramea. Tūrakautahi's other son by his wife Te Aowharepapa, Rakiāmoa, would continue the main lines of descent of Ngāi Tahu. Te Ruahikihiki's own son Taoka, by his wife Te Aotaurewa, would push further south to Ōtākou , where he engaged in some of the final battles with Ngāti Māmoe. Over time, marriages were arranged between Ngāi Tahu and Ngāti Māmoe to cement peace. Notably of Raki-ihia (Ngāti Māmoe) and Hinehākiri,
7426-479: The younger brother of Porourangi . The brothers are said to be descended from Paikea as grandsons, great-grandsons, or great-great-grandsons. Either way, Paikea himself is always Chief Uenuku 's son. Some groups may even trace the brothers as great-grandsons of Uenuku's other son Ruatapu as well as with Paikea. Whatever the case, Tahupōtiki was born in Whāngārā (a place associated with Paikea), around 1450CE. He
7520-472: The Ōhiri pā , at Little River. Tūrakautahi further enlisted Te Rakitāmau's aid in overcoming Ngāti Wairangi, killing their rangatira Te Uekanuka near Lake Kaniere . Tūrakautahi's son Kaweriri with his father-in-law Te Ruahikihiki had settled Taumutu at the southern end of Te Waihora. Kaweriri later travelled with a taua south to Lowther where he was slain by the Kāti Māmoe chief Tutemakohu around
7614-399: Was $ 27,300, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 318 people (13.1%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,146 (47.1%) people were employed full-time, 408 (16.8%) were part-time, and 57 (2.3%) were unemployed. The major industries of greenstone ( pounamu ), gold , coal , and forestry have all dwindled over the last century, but
7708-467: Was 11.6, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 47.7% had no religion, 41.3% were Christian , 0.4% had Māori religious beliefs , 0.8% were Hindu , 0.4% were Muslim , 0.3% were Buddhist and 1.3% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 330 (13.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 654 (26.9%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
7802-409: Was a local viewed as below her status. The pair had 11 children in total, including Tamaraeroa, Huirapa, Tahumatā, Pahirua and Hinehou. Huirapa is the son who Kāti Huirapa descends from. Tūhaitara's cousin through Rakawahakura, Kurī, also lived around this time. Just as Tūhaitara was the senior ancestress of Ngāi Tahu with her own hapū named after her, Ngāi Tūhaitara, Kurī is also the ancestor of
7896-445: Was a sister to two chiefs from the Taumutu pā at southern Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora . The people of Taumutu responded to Hape's death by attacking Waikakahi, and killing several people. Tamaiharanui led a taua against Taumutu, and sacking it. The Taumutu then asked the hapū of Otago for assistance, to which Taiaroa and Te Whakataupuka led a taua , and along with warriors from Kaiapoi, all attacked Waikakahi. They found
7990-538: Was also a first cousin to both the Ngāti Kurī chief Te Rakiwhakaputa, and to the Ngāti Māmoe leader Tukiauau. On one occasion when Ngāti Kurī fought with Rangitāne , Chief Tūteurutira had mistaken one of his captives, Hinerongo, as one of the enemy's women. She was in fact a member of Ngāti Māmoe who had already been taken captive by Rangitāne, and so he returned her to the Matariki pā near Waiau Toa . This struck
8084-422: Was appointed Town Clerk in 1866 and was a prominent Freemason . By late 1866, it was one of New Zealand's most populous centres. On 16 September 1867, there were 41 vessels alongside the wharf at Hokitika, in some places three and four deep. In 1867, the port of Hokitika ranked first in New Zealand in both the number of vessels entered inwards and in the total value of exports; principally gold. On 8 March 1868
8178-408: Was fatally wounded by a police constable and died the next day. The population has declined greatly since that time but the population of the Westland District is now on the rise thanks to "lifestyle inhabitants". Almost 30% of the district's rate-payers live outside of Hokitika. Hokitika has an oceanic climate , with mild summers, cool winters, and rainfall evenly distributed across the year. It
8272-481: Was given Little River and Wairewa , and Te Ruahikihiki of Kāti Kurī, ancestor of Ngāi Te Ruakihikihi, son of Manawaiwaho and Te Apai, was given Kaitōrete and Te Waihora. Chief Huikai also established himself at Koukourarata (named after the stream in Wellington where Rākaitekura prepared her hair), and his son Tautahi took Ōtautahi (the site of present-day Christchurch ). Tūāhuriri's second eldest son Tūrakautahi,
8366-845: Was given command of the Tākitimu waka (canoe), and took it down to the South Island where he landed at the Arahura River on the West Coast – or at the Waiau River near Manapōuri . He stayed there for a time before travelling back to Whāngārā in a new canoe upon learning of the death of his brother. As according to ancient protocol, he took Porourangi's grieving wife Hamo-te-rangi as his own, by whom he had at least four sons: Ira-a-Tahu, Ira-(apa)-roa, Tahumuri-hape, and Karimoe. Some say his other sons were Ira-manawa-piko, Rakaroa, Rakahurumanu, Tūroto, Tahutīoro, and Ruanuku. Tahupōtiki, Ira-a-Tahu, Iraroa, and Tahumuri-hape moved south towards Tūranga, then settled at Maraetaha at
8460-648: Was known as Oraumoanui or Tauanui . Fighting continued for a year or so, with Ngāi Tahu maintaining the upper hand. In 1836 Chief Te Pūoho of Ngāti Tama , allied to Ngāti Toa, led his taua from Whanganui Inlet down to the West Coast to the Haast River . From there he crossed the Haast Pass into central Otago and Southland . Tūhawaiki had by now learned of this oncoming attack, and led his own taua from Ruapuke Island to Tuturau, where he fought and killed Te Pūoho. Ngāti Toa never again made
8554-463: Was later killed near Waikato . From Gisborne the iwi had moved down the coast to the Heretaunga . The ancestress Tūhaitara, senior granddaughter of Rakawahakura, insulting her husband Chief Marukore of Ngāti Māmoe, or Te Kāhea , and his ancestry, as well as various other exchanges are the reason for war between their two iwi . Tūhaitara herself had some Ngāti Māmoe heritage, but he
8648-503: Was named so because Tahumatā caught Hinewai-a-tapu hiding under some tree roots, and made her his wife. Eventually the Ngāti Māmoe chief Hikaororoa managed to trap Marukore's party in a whare . Hikaororoa asked for the 'chief of the long plume' to come to the door to be cannibalised. Marukore's younger cousin Rokopaekawa took Marukore's headdress (his sign of status) and was sacrificed instead. However he did not cook properly, and
8742-510: Was overwhelmed in the surf: Allen Thomas, Robert Turner, Edward Samson, unknown Thompson, John McIntosh, George Hawkins and Henry Heron or Hearn. There are a small number of Jewish graves in the cemetery, although the Jewish community was of considerable importance in the early settlement of Hokitika. The synagogue on Tancred Street was dedicated on 23 September, 1867 by the Reverend Isaac Zachariah. The first Jewish burial in
8836-597: Was the first pilot of Māori-descent to join the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) in 1936. During a training flight on the night of 11 May 1939, his student accidentally undershot a landing exercise. West died of his injuries the following day. John Pohe was otherwise the first full-blooded Māori pilot to join the RNZAF in 1941. Turu Rakerewa Hiroti and John Charles Tamanuiarangi Tikao would go on to serve during World War II . The former serving as
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