68-486: Hollinwood may refer to two places in England: Hollinwood, Greater Manchester , an area of Oldham. Hollinwood, Shropshire , a village near Wales. [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
136-556: A Boundary Commission review. The part of Hollinwood lying west of the M60 motorway now lies in Failsworth East ward while part of Oldham St Paul's ward was transferred to Hollinwood. The ward currently comprises the rest of Hollinwood and the adjoining localities of Hollins , Garden Suburb and Limeside (also known as Limehurst Village). Hollinwood is part of the parliamentary constituency of Oldham West and Royton . Hollinwood
204-419: A couple of watts at full load, which is registered on the meter. The disc is acted upon by two sets of induction coils , which form, in effect, a two phase linear induction motor . One coil is connected in such a way that it produces a magnetic flux in proportion to the voltage and the other produces a magnetic flux in proportion to the current . The field of the voltage coil is delayed by 90 degrees, due to
272-401: A direct reading register, but instead developed an electrochemical metering system, which used an electrolytic cell to totalise current consumption. At periodic intervals the plates were removed and weighed, and the customer billed. The electrochemical meter was labor-intensive to read and not well received by customers. DC meters often measured charge in ampere hours. Since the voltage of
340-400: A distribution network, including reactive and actual. This is equal to the product of root-mean-square volts and amperes. Distortion of the electric current by loads is measured in several ways. Power factor is the ratio of resistive (or real) power to volt-amperes. A capacitive load has a leading power factor, and an inductive load has a lagging power factor. A purely resistive load (such as
408-545: A filament lamp, heater or kettle) exhibits a power factor of 1. Current harmonics are a measure of distortion of the wave form. For example, electronic loads such as computer power supplies draw their current at the voltage peak to fill their internal storage elements. This can lead to a significant voltage drop near the supply voltage peak which shows as a flattening of the voltage waveform. This flattening causes odd harmonics which are not permissible if they exceed specific limits, as they are not only wasteful, but may interfere with
476-437: A length of 32-100 ms. The meter constant (pulses per kWh) is programmable on some meters, but often fixed to 1000-10000 pulses per kWh . Other meters implement a similar pulse interface, but with an infrared LED instead of an electrical connection. The interface is also used on other kinds of meters, like water meters. Many meters designed for semi-automated reading have a serial port that communicates by infrared LED through
544-414: A mercury reservoir at the top of the meter. As current was drawn from the supply, electrochemical action transferred the mercury to the bottom of the column. Like all other DC meters, it recorded ampere hours. Once the mercury pool was exhausted, the meter became an open circuit. It was therefore necessary for the consumer to pay for a further supply of electricity, whereupon, the supplier's agent would unlock
612-561: A number of churches established in Hollinwood, many of which have now closed including:- The Memorial Church - It was founded before 1895 and closed in 1988. The Hollinwood Congregational Church (earlier in its history known as The Memorial Church or Chapel) was situated on the corner where Pump Street intersected with Manchester Road. The church building faced onto Manchester Road with the Sunday School building behind it taking
680-409: A power supply, a metering engine, a processing and communication engine (i.e. a microcontroller ), and other add-on modules such as a real time clock (RTC), a liquid crystal display, infra red communication ports/modules and so on. The metering engine is given the voltage and current inputs and has a voltage reference, samplers and quantisers followed by an analog to digital conversion section to yield
748-586: A seventh screen was added. In 2002 the Roxy received a £100,000 upgrade. After closure the Roxy was subsequently demolished in February 2007. Several other cinemas existed in the Hollinwood area during the early to mid 20th century period including the La Scala and The Queens. There was a very busy Hollinwood market, on Hollins road near to the junction with Oldham Road, one day a week for many years. Hollinwood
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#1732780531142816-464: A switch to interrupt or restore service. Historically, rotating meters could report their metered information remotely, using a pair of electrical contacts attached to a KYZ line. A KYZ interface is a Form C contact supplied from the meter. In a KYZ interface, the Y and Z wires are switch contacts, shorted to K for a measured amount of energy. When one contact closes the other opens to provide count accuracy security. Each contact change of state
884-522: A visit by a company representative at least annually in order to verify customer-supplied readings and to make a basic safety check of the meter. In an induction type meter, creep is a phenomenon that can adversely affect accuracy, that occurs when the meter disc rotates continuously with potential applied and the load terminals open circuited. A test for error due to creep is called a creep test. Two standards govern meter accuracy, ANSI C12.20 for North America and IEC 62053. Electronic meters display
952-510: A year, in the presence of two witnesses, the veil was to be lifted from her face, to look for signs of life. This eccentric will made Beswick a celebrity, and her mummified body was donated to the Manchester Museum and put on public display in the entrance hall, with the soubriquet Manchester Mummy . Electricity meter An electricity meter , electric meter , electrical meter , energy meter , or kilowatt-hour meter
1020-620: Is ANSI C12.18 . Some industrial meters use protocols for programmable logic controllers , like Modbus or DNP3 . One protocol proposed for this purpose is DLMS/COSEM which can operate over any medium, including serial ports. The data can be transmitted by Zigbee , Wi-Fi , telephone lines or over the power lines themselves . Some meters can be read over the internet. Other more modern protocols are also becoming widely used, like OSGP (Open Smart Grid Protocol). Electronic meters now also use low-power radio , GSM , GPRS , Bluetooth , IrDA , as well as RS-485 wired link. The meters can store
1088-510: Is a device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence , a business , or an electrically powered device over a time interval. Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers' premises for billing and monitoring purposes. They are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt hour ( kWh ). They are usually read once each billing period. When energy savings during certain periods are desired, some meters may measure demand,
1156-399: Is a major part of meter design. The processing and communication section has the responsibility of calculating the various derived quantities from the digital values generated by the metering engine. This also has the responsibility of communication using various protocols and interface with other addon modules connected as slaves to it. RTC and other add-on modules are attached as slaves to
1224-471: Is a series of dials which record the amount of energy used. The dials may be of the cyclometer type, an odometer-like display that is easy to read where for each dial a single digit is shown through a window in the face of the meter, or of the pointer type where a pointer indicates each digit. With the dial pointer type, adjacent pointers generally rotate in opposite directions due to the gearing mechanism. The amount of energy represented by one revolution of
1292-421: Is also a frequent services running towards Manchester city centre with services 180 and 184 and to Huddersfield / Saddleworth via Oldham. These were once Limited Stop (Express) services but lost this status in 2004. Other destinations which can be reached from Hollinwood on the bus are Ashton-under-Lyne , Chadderton , Huddersfield and Saddleworth . British Olympic freestyle swimming champion, Henry Taylor
1360-584: Is an area and electoral ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham , Greater Manchester , England. The population at the 2011 census was 10,920. Bisected by the A62 road , Hollinwood is southwest of Oldham , contiguous with the towns of Chadderton and Failsworth , at Junction 22 of the M60 motorway . Historically part of Lancashire , Hollinwood in pre-industrial times was a moor or common on
1428-457: Is considered one pulse. The frequency of pulses indicates the power demand. The number of pulses indicates energy metered. When incorporated into an electromechanical meter, the relay changes state with each full or half rotation of the meter disc. Each state change is called a "pulse." KYZ outputs were historically attached to "totaliser relays" feeding a "totaliser" so that many meters could be read all at once in one place. KYZ outputs are also
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#17327805311421496-474: Is included in the 5% most economically deprived wards in the United Kingdom. The Hollinwood Branch Canal used to pass through the district. The last vestiges of the canal in Hollinwood were destroyed by the works for the M60 motorway. Those parts of the branch canal which still exist are not in Hollinwood. Hollinwood was changed substantially by the M60 motorway (completed in 2000) which passes to
1564-426: Is made to rotate at a speed proportional to the power passing through the meter. The number of revolutions is thus proportional to the energy usage. The voltage coil consumes a small and relatively constant amount of power, typically around 2 watts which is not registered on the meter. The current coil similarly consumes a small amount of power in proportion to the square of the current flowing through it, typically up to
1632-446: Is now divided between the Hollinwood and South Chadderton ward districts. As part of the town of Oldham, Hollinwood forms part of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham . Politically, after the 2023 local elections the Hollinwood ward is represented by three Conservative Party councillors, who flipped all three seats of the previously Labour Party held ward. The boundaries of the Hollinwood ward were changed in 2003 following
1700-701: Is one of the few open spaces remaining in the district. The pitches occupy the site of a former reservoir serving a now-defunct stretch of the Hollinwood Branch Canal . Long existing as an industrial district , Hollinwood is today home to the Northern Counties Housing Association, and Mirror Colour Print Ltd; the printing division of the Trinity Mirror group, which prints and distributes thirty-six major newspapers, and employs five hundred staff. From
1768-487: Is to provide convenient real-time feedback to users so they can change their energy using behaviour. Recently, low-cost energy feedback displays have become available, that may be able to measure energy (Watt-hours), momentary power (wattage), and may additionally be able to measure the MAINS voltage, current, uptime, apparent power , capturing peak wattage and peak current, and have a manually set clock. The display may indicate
1836-614: The AC kilowatt-hour meter produced on the basis of Hungarian Ottó Bláthy 's patent and named after him was presented by the Ganz Works at the Frankfurt Fair in the autumn of 1889, and the first induction kilowatt-hour meter was already marketed by the factory at the end of the same year. These were the first alternating-current watt-hour meters, known by the name of Bláthy-meters. The AC kilowatt hour meters used at present operate on
1904-502: The Heritage Lottery Fund , National Churches Trust and others have allowed the church to complete two major restoration projects to date: phase one – restoration of the tower, and phase two – the replacement and restoration of the roofs of the north aisle, nave, transept, chancel and sacristy. Further funding for urgent roof restoration work was secured in 2017, saving the church from closure. The late 19th century saw
1972-740: The Manchester Metrolink line between East Didsbury and Rochdale . Services generally run every 12 minutes in each direction during the day. The area was previously served by Hollinwood railway station , which was part of the Oldham Loop Line . However, the line closed in October 2009 and the converted line reopened in June 2012. There are frequent buses running through Hollinwood between Manchester city centre and Oldham on First Greater Manchester 's 83 overground service. There
2040-488: The SI megajoule instead. Demand is normally measured in watts, but averaged over a period, most often a quarter- or half-hour. Reactive power is measured in "thousands of volt-ampere reactive -hours", (kvarh). By convention, a "lagging" or inductive load, such as a motor, will have positive reactive power. A "leading", or capacitive load, will have negative reactive power. Volt-amperes measures all power passed through
2108-508: The A62 Road when they moved to Byron Street/Grammar School Road. The church closed in 2008. Beulah (Baptist), Withins Road, founded in 1891 and still in existence. Bethesda (Baptist), Milton Street, founded in 1895, closed at a date unknown. Hollins Road (Baptist), circa late 19th century, date of closure unknown. Alford Street (Welsh Congregational), it was founded before 1892. It closed in 1978. Hudson Street (Methodist), it
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2176-605: The Hollinwood area between Oldham Borough and Chadderton township. James Butterworth (1826) described it as being of 66.5 Cheshire acres (approx. 140 statute acres). It was enclosed by the Oldham Enclosure Acts (42 and 43 George III; May 1802). Hollinwood's mills such as the Heron, Fox, Asia, Wharf, Richmond and Park were later built on what had been the Hollinwood Common. The Chapel Road playing fields
2244-527: The advantage that the consumer could easily read the meter and verify consumption. The first accurate, recording electricity consumption meter was a DC meter by Hermann Aron , who patented it in 1883. Hugo Hirst of the British General Electric Company introduced it commercially into Great Britain from 1888. Aron's meter recorded the total charge used over time, and showed it on a series of clock dials. The first specimen of
2312-499: The borders of Chadderton and Oldham. The rights to the land were disputed by the townships with Chadderton claiming 8 acres, but a 1713 court settlement stipulated that Hollinwood Moor should be within Oldham. The mid to late 18th century saw Hollinwood develop into a village. Mid 19th century gazetteers described Hollinwood as 'an extensive village in the townships of Chadderton and Oldham'. In 1880 there were further exchanges of land in
2380-583: The classic way of attaching electricity meters to programmable logic controllers , HVACs or other control systems. Some modern meters also supply a contact closure that warns when the meter detects a demand near a higher electricity tariff , to improve demand side management . EN 62053-31 (formerly DIN 43864) defines the S0 interface , which is a galvanically isolated open collector output. Voltage and current are limited to 27 V and 27 mA, respectively. Each metered amount of electrical energy produces one impulse with
2448-445: The coil's inductive nature, and calibrated using a lag coil. This produces eddy currents in the disc and the effect is such that a force is exerted on the disc in proportion to the product of the instantaneous current and instantaneous voltage. A permanent magnet acts as an eddy current brake , exerting an opposing force proportional to the speed of rotation of the disc. The equilibrium between these two opposing forces results in
2516-501: The delicate and troublesome commutator of the Thomson design. Shallenberger fell ill and was unable to refine his initial large and heavy design, although he did also develop a polyphase version. The most common unit of measurement on the electricity meter is the kilowatt hour [ kWh ], which is equal to the amount of energy used by a load of one kilowatt over a period of one hour , or 3,600,000 joules . Some electricity companies use
2584-416: The digitised equivalents of all the inputs. These inputs are then processed using a digital signal processor to calculate the various metering parameters. The largest source of long-term errors in the meter is drift in the preamp, followed by the precision of the voltage reference. Both of these vary with temperature as well, and vary wildly when meters are outdoors. Characterising and compensating for these
2652-465: The disc is denoted by the symbol Kh which is given in units of watt-hours per revolution. The value 7.2 is commonly seen. Using the value of Kh one can determine their power consumption at any given time by timing the disc with a stopwatch. P = 3600 ⋅ K h t {\displaystyle P={{3600\cdot Kh} \over t}} . Where: For example, if Kh = 7.2 as above, and one revolution took place in 14.4 seconds,
2720-416: The disc rotating at a speed proportional to the power or rate of energy usage. The disc drives a register mechanism which counts revolutions, much like the odometer in a car, in order to render a measurement of the total energy used. Different phase configurations use additional voltage and current coils. The disc is supported by a spindle which has a worm gear which drives the register. The register
2788-468: The energy used on an LCD or LED display, and some can also transmit readings to remote places. In addition to measuring energy used, some electronic meters can also record other parameters of the load and supply such as instantaneous and maximum rate of usage demands, voltages, power factor and reactive power used etc. They can also support time-of-day billing, for example, recording the amount of energy used during on-peak and off-peak hours. The meter has
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2856-420: The entire usage profiles with timestamps and relay them at the click of a button. The demand readings stored with the profiles accurately indicate the load requirements of the customer. This load profile data is processed at the utilities for billing and planning purposes. AMR ( Automatic Meter Reading ) and RMR (Remote Meter Reading) describe various systems that allow meters to be checked remotely, without
2924-545: The faceplate of the meter. In some multi-unit buildings, a similar protocol is used, but in a wired bus using a serial current loop to connect all the meters to a single plug. The plug is often near a more easily accessible point. In the European Union, the most common infrared and protocol is "FLAG", a simplified subset of mode C of IEC 61107 . In the United States and Canada, the favored infrared protocol
2992-474: The induction principle previously used only in AC ampere hour meters to produce a watt-hour meter of the modern electromechanical form, using an induction disk whose rotational speed was made proportional to the power in the circuit. The Bláthy meter was similar to Shallenberger and Thomson meter in that they are two-phase motor meter. Although the induction meter would only work on alternating current, it eliminated
3060-404: The instantaneous voltage ( volts ) and current ( amperes ) to give energy used (in joules , kilowatt-hours etc.). Meters for smaller services (such as small residential customers) can be connected directly in-line between source and customer. For larger loads, more than about 200 ampere of load, current transformers are used, so that the meter can be located somewhere other than in line with
3128-489: The late 19th century, the area was largely occupied by workers in Oldham's cotton mills and miners at the large collieries at Oak and Bower, and several smaller ones. Much of Hollinwood's more recent growth was due to the Ferranti factory which produced power transformers in its heyday. Later the factory produced container lifting trucks as the building had the height to do so. The transformer works building, built after
3196-456: The length of Pump Street. In view of plans for the motorway and declining numbers the church building was sold and the church united with Beulah Baptist Church where the members continue to meet and worship. The building, which had become a warehouse, has since been demolished. It was well known because of the prominence of its clock tower. St James (Free Church of England). It was founded in 1870. The original church closed in 1972 for widening
3264-404: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hollinwood&oldid=932877750 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Hollinwood, Greater Manchester Hollinwood
3332-401: The maximum use of power in some interval. "Time of day" metering allows electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost, periods. Also, in some areas meters have relays for demand response load shedding during peak load periods. The earliest commercial uses of electric energy, in the 1880s, had easily predictable usage; billing
3400-409: The meter from its mounting and invert it restoring the mercury to the reservoir and the supply. In practice the consumer would get the supply company's agent in before the supply ran out and pay only for the charge consumed as read from the scale. The agent would then reset the meter to zero by inverting it. In 1885 Ferranti offered a mercury motor meter with a register similar to gas meters; this had
3468-651: The need to send a meter reader. An electronic meter can transmit its readings by telephone line or radio to a central billing office. Large commercial and industrial premises may use electronic meters which record power usage in blocks of half an hour or less. This is because most electricity grids have demand surges throughout the day, and the power company may wish to give price incentives to large customers to reduce demand at these times. These demand surges often correspond to meal times or, famously, to advertisements interrupting popular television programmes . A potentially powerful means to reduce household energy consumption
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#17327805311423536-447: The operation of other equipment. Harmonic emissions are mandated by law in EU and other countries to fall within specified limits. In addition to metering based on the amount of energy used, other types of metering are available. Meters which measured the amount of charge ( coulombs ) used, known as ampere hour meters , were used in the early days of electrification. These were dependent upon
3604-404: The power consumption over the week graphically. A study using a consumer-readable meter in 500 Ontario homes by Hydro One showed an average 6.5% drop in total electricity use when compared with a similarly sized control group. Hydro One subsequently offered free power monitors to 30,000 customers based on the success of the pilot. Projects such as Google PowerMeter , take information from
3672-444: The power is 1800 watts. This method can be used to determine the power consumption of household devices by switching them on one by one. Most domestic electricity meters must be read manually, whether by a representative of the power company or by the customer. Where the customer reads the meter, the reading may be supplied to the power company by telephone , post or over the internet . The electricity company will normally require
3740-533: The processing and communication section for various input/output functions. On a modern meter most if not all of this will be implemented inside the microprocessor, such as the RTC, LCD controller, temperature sensor, memory and analog to digital converters. Remote meter reading is a practical example of telemetry . It saves the cost of a human meter reader and the resulting mistakes, but it also allows more measurements, and remote provisioning. Many smart meters now include
3808-598: The same principle as Bláthy's original invention. Also around 1889, Elihu Thomson of the American General Electric company developed a recording watt meter (watt-hour meter) based on an ironless commutator motor. This meter overcame the disadvantages of the electrochemical type and could operate on either alternating or direct current. In 1894 Oliver Shallenberger of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation applied
3876-399: The service conductors. The meters fall into two basic categories, electromechanical and electronic. The most common type of electricity meter is the electromechanical watt-hour meter. On a single-phase AC supply, the electromechanical induction meter operates through electromagnetic induction by counting the revolutions of a non-magnetic, but electrically conductive, metal disc which
3944-461: The south of Manchester . Prior to 1760, the villagers of Hollinwood would have to travel to Oldham St Mary's for services. The emergence of a village at Hollinwood during the mid 18th century necessitated the building of a church there. The new church dedicated to St. Margaret of Antioch (Church of England) was completed by 1768 and was consecrated by the Bishop of Chester on 8 July 1769. The builder
4012-426: The supply should remain substantially constant, the reading of the meter was proportional to actual energy consumed. For example, if a meter recorded that 100 ampere hours had been consumed on a 200-volt supply, then 20 kilowatt-hours of energy had been supplied. An early type of electrochemical meter used in the United Kingdom was the 'Reason' meter. This consisted of a vertically mounted glass structure with
4080-538: The supply voltage remaining constant for accurate measurement of energy usage, which was not a likely circumstance with most supplies. The most common application was in relation to special-purpose meters to monitor charge / discharge status of large batteries. Some meters measured only the length of time for which charge flowed, with no measurement of the magnitude of voltage or current being made. These are only suited for constant-load applications and are rarely used today. Electricity meters operate by continuously measuring
4148-568: The war on the old Bower site, is now used as a newspaper printing plant. A neighbouring, much older, Ferranti factory produced electricity meters . The meter factory was sold to Siemens in the 1980s and became known as FML; Siemens later closed the FML factory. Hollinwood was struck by an F1/T2 tornado on 23 November 1981, as part of the record-breaking nationwide tornado outbreak on that day. The tornado later moved over Oldham town centre, causing further damage. Until its closure in 2005 Hollinwood
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#17327805311424216-493: Was Edmund Whitehead, and an account of his work was recorded on his gravestone in the churchyard. It is said that the cost of building was only £500 and that a grant towards this was received from Queen Anne's Bounty . The church was smaller than the present building and when built had no tower, the current church building dating from 1877. A tower was added in 1904. The church is a grade II listed building . Recent years has seen further restoration. Grants from English Heritage ,
4284-430: Was based on the number of lamps or motors installed in a building. However, as usage spread, and especially with the invention of pluggable appliances , it also became more variable, and the electric utilities sought a means to bill customers based on actual rather than estimated usage. Many experimental types of meter were developed. Thomas Edison at first worked on a direct current (DC) electromechanical meter with
4352-538: Was born in Hollinwood. Prolific twentieth-century hangman Albert Pierrepoint owned a public house on Manchester Road named "Help the Poor Struggler". This pub however was demolished when work began on the M60 motorway. Hannah Beswick (died 1785), from Birchin Bower in Hollinwood, had a pathological fear of premature burial . Her fear was such that her will specified her body be kept aboveground, and that once
4420-640: Was founded in 1877. It closed in 1976. Bourne Street (Methodist), it was founded in 1832 and closed in 1922. Byron Street/Hive Street (Spiritualist), circa late 19th century, date of closure unknown Holy Family (Roman Catholic), Roman Road, founded in 1958–present. Prior to 1958 Holy Family parish was a constituent part of the extensive parish of Corpus Christi which included all of Hollinwood, Hollins, Limeside, parts of Werneth and much of central and south Chadderton. Bible Mission Church , Old Lane, founded in 1896. Salvation Army , Manchester Road. Founded: 1925 Closed: 1995 Hollins Road (Methodist), it
4488-479: Was founded in 1894. It closed in 1960. St John (Manchester Road, Methodist), it was founded in 1839. It closed in 1958. Hollins (Methodist), Millgate, founded in 1840. Still open in 2015. Hollinwood is linked to Manchester and Oldham via the A62 road . The M60 motorway links the area to Stockport , Manchester Airport and the Trafford Centre . The area is served by Hollinwood tram stop on
4556-454: Was home to the popular Roxy Cinema. The Roxy opened on 20 December 1937 screening the film 'Fire Over England'. Seating was provided in stalls and circle levels for 1,406 and there was a cinema cafe. Saturday matinées for children were extremely popular. In 1978 the cinema was split into two screens, then in 1981 it became a three screen cinema. Further sub-division occurred to create six screens which seated:470, 130, 260, 260 320 and 96. In 1998
4624-607: Was once a chapelry of the ecclesiastical parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham , in the Hundred of Salford . The Parish Church, St. Margret of Antioch is still under the patronage of the Rector of Prestwich, though this position is currently suspended. Until local government re-organisation in 1974, part of Hollinwood lay within the Chadderton Urban District in the administrative county of Lancashire . This area
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