Misplaced Pages

#297702

71-515: There are various names of God , many of which enumerate the various qualities of a Supreme Being. The English word god (and its equivalent in other languages) is used by multiple religions as a noun to refer to different deities, or specifically to the Supreme Being, as denoted in English by the capitalized and uncapitalized terms God and god . Ancient cognate equivalents for

142-563: A loan-word from Akkadian in which the word shedu referred to a spirit which could be either protective or malevolent. They appear twice (always plural), at Psalm 106:37 and Deuteronomy 32:17 . Both times it is mentioned in the context of sacrificing children or animals to them. When the Hebrew Bible was translated into Greek , the Hebrew term shedim was translated as daimones , with implied negativity. This gave rise to

213-457: A collection of 8/12/16/32/100/108/1000/1008 names exclusively dedicated to them known as Namavali . Maharishi Dayanand in his book Vaghasiya Ayush has listed 100 names of God each representing some property or attribute thereof mentioning "Om" or " Aum " as God's personal and natural name. Jainism rejects the idea of a creator deity responsible for the manifestation, creation, or maintenance of this universe. According to Jain doctrine,

284-815: A conception of the serpent as the liberating savior and bestower of knowledge to humankind opposed to the Demiurge or creator god , identified with the Hebrew God of the Old Testament . Gnostic Christians considered the Hebrew God of the Old Testament as the evil, false god and creator of the material universe, and the Unknown God of the Gospel , the father of Jesus Christ and creator of

355-503: A distinction between primary and secondary qualities in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding . For Locke, a quality is an idea of a sensation or a perception . Locke further asserts that qualities can be divided in two kinds: primary and secondary qualities. Primary qualities are intrinsic to an object—a thing or a person—whereas secondary qualities are dependent on the interpretation of

426-465: A distinction between qualification and quantification; a thing's quality can vary in degree). Philosophy and common sense tend to see qualities as related either to subjective feelings or to objective facts . The qualities of something depends on the criteria being applied to and, from a neutral point of view , do not determine its value (the philosophical value as well as economic value ). Subjectively, something might be good because it

497-490: A dualism between native spirits of the own religion's God, and the spirits of foreign origin as demons. In Gnosticism , the biblical serpent in the Garden of Eden was praised and thanked for bringing knowledge ( gnosis ) to Adam and Eve and thereby freeing them from the malevolent Demiurge 's control. Gnostic Christian doctrines rely on a dualistic cosmology that implies the eternal conflict between good and evil, and

568-794: A fixed lifespan and even they have to undergo reincarnation as humans to achieve moksha . There are multiple names for God in Sikhism. Some of the popular names for God in Sikhism are: In the Sikh scripture, both Hindu and Muslim names of the Supreme Being are also commonly employed, expressing different aspects of the divine Name. For instance, names like Ram ('pervading'), Hari ('shining'), Parmeshwar ('supreme lord'), and Jagdish ('world lord') refer to Hindu terms, while names like Allah (Arabic for God ), Khuda (Persian for God ), Rahim ('merciful'), Karim ('generous'), and Sahib ('lord') are of Muslim origin. God, according to Guru Nanak ,

639-405: A god – liberated of miseries, cycles of rebirth, world, karmas and finally liberated of body as well. This is called nirvana or moksha . If godliness is defined as the state of having freed one's soul from karmas and the attainment of Kevala Jnana and a god as one who exists in such a state, then those who have achieved such a state can be termed gods/ Tirthankara . Thus, Rishabhanatha

710-505: A practice through lifelong work towards oneself is called as observing the Mahavrata ('Great Vows'). Gods can be thus categorized into embodied gods also known as Tīrthankaras and Arihantas or ordinary Kevalis , and non-embodied formless gods who are called Siddhas . Jainism considers the devī s and deva s to be souls who dwell in heavens owing to meritorious deeds in their past lives. These souls are in heavens for

781-509: A similar status to that of lesser deities in the pre-Islamic Arabian religion . Although the Quran doesn't equate the jinn to the rank of demons , it reduces them to the same status as human beings . Due to their mortality and dependence on fate ( ḳadar ), they would also be subjected to the final judgment by Allāh . Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī , the 10th-century Persian Muslim scholar , Ḥanafī jurist , and Sunnī theologian who founded

SECTION 10

#1732772005298

852-585: A strict, exclusive monotheism , based on the sole veneration of Yahweh, the predecessor to the Abrahamic conception of God. According to rabbinic tradition, the Evil Inclination for idolatry was eradicated in the early Second Temple period, and this is what led to the shift away from earlier Israelite polytheism. The vast majority of religions in history have been and/or are still polytheistic, worshipping many diverse deities. Moreover,

923-662: Is ʔil yṯb bʕṯtrt in KTU 1.108, 2 meaning "The god who sits (enthroned) in ʕAṯtartu. A name is sometimes double-barreled, like in Shagar-we-Ishtar or Kothar-wa-Hasis . ʔṯrt w rḥmy Asherah -wa-Rachmai takes this ("binomial") form but is of slightly unclear categorization. In this case and that of the Lady of Byblos , it is not clear if the appellation is a personal name. Binomial names can be found in "bound forms" like Bethel's Anat-Bethel, Ashim-Bethel, "and Herem-Bethel from

994-415: Is useful , because it is beautiful , or simply because it exists . Determining or finding qualities therefore involves understanding what is useful, what is beautiful and what exists. Commonly, quality can mean degree of excellence, as in, "a quality product" or "work of average quality". It can also refer to a property of something such as "the addictive quality of nicotine ". In his book, Zen and

1065-725: Is Allah above whatever they associate with Him. He is Allah, the Creator, the Inventor, the Fashioner; to Him belong the best names. Whatever is in the heavens and earth is exalting Him. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise. (Translation of Qur'an: Chapter 59, Verses 22-24) In Tasawwuf , often characterised as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam, Hu , Huwa (depends on placement in

1136-452: Is an official title for any divine being. In Egypt, divine names were indicated with a god's inscription ( nṯr , which can be Anglicised as netjer .) In Sumerian cuneiform, the Dingir sign (𒀭) was used. A divine being's name is distinct from an epithet. A divine epithet expresses specific traits, aspects, or domains of a god, or applies a common noun to them. Rahmouni says a locative name

1207-411: Is attributed. Conversely, followers of animistic and polytheistic religions may regard the gods of various monotheistic religions as "false gods", because they do not believe that any real deity possesses the properties ascribed by monotheists to their sole deity. Atheists , who do not believe in any deities, do not usually use the term false god even though that would encompass all deities from

1278-674: Is beyond full comprehension by humans ; has an endless number of virtues; takes on innumerable forms, but is formless; and can be called by an infinite number of names thus "Your Names are so many, and Your Forms are endless. No one can tell how many Glorious Virtues You have." Quality (philosophy) Aristotle analyzed qualities in his logical work, the Categories . To him, qualities are hylomorphically –formal attributes, such as "white" or "grammatical". Categories of state , such as "shod" and "armed" are also non– essential qualities ( katà symbebekós ) . Aristotle observed: "one and

1349-451: Is connected to the passage in Exodus 3:14 in which God gives his name as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה ( Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh ), where the verb may be translated most basically as "I am that I am", "I shall be what I shall be", or "I shall be what I am". In the passage, YHWH , the personal name of God, is revealed directly to Moses . Correlation between various theories and interpretation of

1420-670: Is directed towards goals or effects also has fundamental effects on the creation of long-term growing cultural capital and thus on the existence of trust values in a cooperating, stable, and in particular democratic society. False god The phrase false god is a derogatory term used in Abrahamic religions (namely Judaism , Samaritanism , Christianity , the Baháʼí Faith , and Islam ) to indicate cult images or deities of non-Abrahamic Pagan religions , as well as other competing entities or objects to which particular importance

1491-432: Is further used as a definition of "idol". The term false god is often used throughout the Abrahamic scriptures ( Torah , Tanakh , Bible , and Quran ) to single out Elohim / Yahweh (interpreted by Jews , Samaritans , and Christians ) or Alihat / Allah (interpreted by Muslims ) as the only true God . Nevertheless, the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament itself recognizes and reports that on multiple occasions,

SECTION 20

#1732772005298

1562-777: Is his name?' Then what shall I tell them?" God said to Moses, " I Am who I Am. This is what you are to say to the Israelites: ' I Am has sent me to you. ' " God also said to Moses, "Say to the Israelites, 'The Lord, the God of your fathers—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob—has sent me to you.' This is my name forever, the name you shall call me from generation to generation". In Exodus 6:3 , when Moses first spoke with God, God said, "I used to appear to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as El Shaddai, but I did not make myself known to them by my name YHWH." YHWH ( יהוה ‎)

1633-442: Is intrinsic to an object, and thus a primary quality. In the context of relativity , the idea of mass quantifying an amount of matter requires caution. The relativistic mass varies for variously traveling observers; then there is the idea of rest mass or invariant mass (the magnitude of the energy-momentum 4-vector ), basically a system's relativistic mass in its own rest frame of reference. (Note, however, that Aristotle drew

1704-544: Is the conduit through which humanity comes to the God the Father. The Book of Mormon ends with "to meet you before the pleasing bar of the great Jehovah, the eternal Judge of both the quick and dead. Amen." Jehovah's Witnesses believe that God has a distinctive name, represented in the Old Testament by the Tetragrammaton. In English, they prefer to use the form Jehovah . According to their New World Translation of

1775-546: Is the proper name of God in Judaism. Neither vowels nor vowel points were used in ancient Hebrew writings and the original vocalisation of YHWH has been lost. Later commentaries additionally suggested that the true pronunciation of this name is composed entirely of vowels , such as the Greek Ιαουε . However, this is put into question by the fact that vowels were only distinguished in the time-period by their very absence due to

1846-471: Is typically limited. Other elements of religious practice may be shared, especially when communities of different faiths are living in close proximity (for example, the use of Khuda or Prabhu within the Indian Christian community) but usage of the names themselves mostly remains within the domain of a particular religion, or even may help define one's religious belief according to practice, as in

1917-695: The Greatest Name of God is "All-Glorious" or bahá in Arabic. Bahá is the root word of the following names and phrases: the greeting Alláh-u-Abhá ('God is the All-Glorious'), the invocation Yá Bahá'u'l-Abhá ('O Thou Glory of the Most Glorious'), Bahá'u'lláh ('the Glory of God'), and Baháʼí ('Follower of the All-Glorious'). These are expressed in Arabic regardless of

1988-533: The Israelites were not monotheists but actively engaged in idolatry and worshipped many foreign, non-Jewish Gods besides Yahweh and/or instead of Him, (such as Baal , Astarte , Asherah , Chemosh , Dagon , Moloch , Tammuz , and more), and continued to do so until their return from the Babylonian exile (see Ancient Hebrew religion ). Judaism, the oldest Abrahamic religion, eventually shifted into

2059-581: The King James Version , Tyndale Bible , and other translations of the Bible from that time period and later. Many English translations of the Bible (such as ESV, NIV, KJV, etc.) translate the tetragrammaton as L ORD , thus removing any form of YHWH from the written text and going well beyond the Jewish oral practice of substituting Adonai for YHWH when reading aloud. English Bible translations of

2130-605: The Proto-Semitic language as ʾil . Sometimes referring to God and sometimes the mighty when used to refer to the God of Israel, El is almost always qualified by additional words that further define the meaning that distinguishes him from false gods . A common title of God in the Hebrew Bible is Elohim (Hebrew: אלהים ). The root Eloah ( אלה ) is used in poetry and late prose (e.g., the Book of Job ) and ending with

2201-476: The biblical Hebrew Elohim , one of the most common names of God in the Bible , include proto-Semitic El , biblical Aramaic Elah , and Arabic ilah . The personal or proper name for God in many of these languages may either be distinguished from such attributes , or homonymic . For example, in Judaism the tetragrammaton is sometimes related to the ancient Hebrew ehyeh (" I will be "). It

Names of God - Misplaced Pages Continue

2272-473: The eponymous school of Islamic theology , considered the jinn to be weaker than humans, and asserted that whenever humans act upon the jinn, they humiliate themselves. Alternatively, ṭāġūt may refer to idols, sometimes thought to be inhabited by one or more demons . Muslims don't necessarily deny the power of demons within the idol, but deny that they are worthy of worship. In the Kitāb al-ʾAṣnām ("Book of

2343-604: The Arab Muslim geographer al-Maqdisī ( c.  945/946–991 CE) wrote about Indian deities (known in Middle Eastern folklore as dīv ), asserting that they have the power to enchant people, even Muslims, to worship them. A Muslim is said to have visited them and abandoned Islam . When he reached Muslim land again, he returned to his Islamic faith. The power of idols is not limited to enchantment alone, they could even grant wishes. Other similar entities are

2414-519: The Art of Motorcycle Maintenance , Robert M. Pirsig examines concepts of quality in classical and romantic , seeking a Metaphysics of Quality and a reconciliation of those views in terms of non-dualistic holism . Quality (Latin: quality, characteristic, property, condition) has three meanings: a) neutral: the sum of all properties of an object, system or process b) evaluates: the quality of all properties of an object, system or process c) evaluates:

2485-593: The Father (Elohim) is worshipped and given all glory through his Son, Jesus Christ (Jehovah). Despite the Godhead doctrine, which teaches that God the Father, Jesus Christ and the Holy Ghost are three separate, divine beings, many Mormons (mainstream Latter-day Saints and otherwise, such as the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints ) view their beliefs as monotheist since Christ

2556-671: The Greek New Testament render ho theos (Greek: Ο Θεός ) as God and ho kurios (Greek: Ο Κύριος ) as "the Lord", with the latter being the "Greek translation of the Hebrew OT name for God, Yahweh." Jesus (Iesus, Yeshua ) was a common alternative form of the name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ ( Yehoshua 'Joshua') in later books of the Hebrew Bible and among Jews of the Second Temple period . The name corresponds to

2627-639: The Greek spelling Iesous , from which comes the English spelling Jesus . Christ means 'the anointed ' in Greek ( Χριστός ). Khristos is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew word Messiah ; while in English the old Anglo-Saxon Messiah-rendering hæland ('healer') was practically annihilated by the Latin Christ , some cognates such as heiland in Dutch and Afrikaans survive—also, in German,

2698-526: The Holy Scriptures , the name Jehovah means "He causes to become". Though scholars prefer the form Yahweh , Jehovah's Witnesses maintain that the name Jehovah is the most well known form in English. Their literature compares the use of the form Jehovah in English to the widespread use of Jesus in English as a translation of Yeshua or Yehoshua . Allah —meaning 'the God' in Arabic—is

2769-519: The Idols"), the Arab Muslim historian Ibn al-Kalbī ( c.  737–819 CE ) tells how Muhammad ordered Khālid ibn al-Walīd to kill the pre-Islamic Arabian goddess al-ʿUzzā , who was supposed to inhabit three trees. After cutting down all the trees, a woman with wild hair appears, identified with al-ʿUzzā. After battle, she is killed, and thus al-ʿUzzā considered to be defeated. Similarly,

2840-468: The Lord show parallels in the history and interpretation of the name of God amongst Kabbalah , Christianity, and Hebrew scholarship in various parts of the Mediterranean world . The attitude as to the transmission of the name in many cultures was surrounded by secrecy. In Judaism , the pronunciation of the name of God has always been guarded with great care. It is believed that, in ancient times,

2911-455: The Old Testament reveals YHWH ( יהוה ‎; often vocalized with vowels as "Yahweh" or "Jehovah") as the personal name of God. References, such as The New Encyclopædia Britannica , affirm the vocalization "Yahweh" by offering additional specifics to its (Christian) reconstruction out of Greek sources: Early Christian writers, such as Clement of Alexandria in the 2nd century, had used a form like Yahweh, and claim that this pronunciation of

Names of God - Misplaced Pages Continue

2982-401: The archives of Elephantine." In one Egyptian story, the sun god Ra's true name was cunningly uncovered by Isis. Using a secret scheme, Isis gained complete dominion over Ra. This enabled her to elevate her son Horus to the throne, showing the power that a name had over the gods. The maiden goddesses of Canaan and Phoenicia were sometimes called the "name of the lord" (Ba'al) or the "face of

3053-407: The atheist viewpoint. Usage of this term is generally limited to theists , who choose to worship some deity or deities, but not others. In Abrahamic religions , false god is used as a derogatory term to refer to a deity or object of worship besides the Abrahamic god that is regarded as either illegitimate or non-functioning in its professed authority or capability, and this characterization

3124-522: The basis that the actual pronunciation of the tetragrammaton has been lost in antiquity. Many use the term HaShem as an indirect reference, or they use "God" or "The Lord" instead. Mark Sameth argues that Yahweh was a pseudo name for a dual-gendered deity, the four letters of that name being cryptogram which the priests of ancient Israel read in reverse as huhi , 'he–she', as earlier theorized by Guillaume Postel (16th century) and Michelangelo Lanci  [ it ] (19th century). In Christianity,

3195-504: The case of the recitation of names of God (such as the japa ). Guru Gobind Singh 's Jaap Sahib , which contains 950 names of God is one example of this. The Divine Names , the classic treatise by Pseudo-Dionysius , defines the scope of traditional understandings in Western traditions such as Hellenic, Christian, Jewish and Islamic theology on the nature and significance of the names of God. Further historical lists such as The 72 Names of

3266-425: The creator of the material universe as inherently evil or malevolent. For instance, Valentinians believed that the Demiurge is merely an ignorant and incompetent creator, trying to fashion the world as good as he can, but lacking the proper power to maintain its goodness. All Gnostics were regarded as heretics by the proto-orthodox Early Church Fathers . The Quran refers to jinn as entities who had

3337-416: The divine name using the vocalization Jehovah ( יְהֹוָה ‎ , Yəhōwā ), such as Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah . The Hebrew personal name of God YHWH is rendered as "the L ORD " in many translations of the Bible, with Elohim being rendered as "God"; certain translations of Scripture render the Tetragrammaton with Yahweh or Jehovah in particular places, with the latter vocalization being used in

3408-415: The individual values preceding the action and its results With regard to points a) and b), quality is the designation of a perceptible state of systems and their characteristics, which is defined in this state in a certain period of time based on certain properties of the system. Quality could describe a product such as wine and its chemical components and the resulting subjectively assessable taste, as well as

3479-402: The inherent quality of any soul characterizing infinite bliss, infinite power, perfect knowledge and perfect peace. However, these qualities of a soul are subdued due to karmas of the soul. One who achieves this state of soul through right belief, right knowledge and right conduct can be termed as god. This perfection of soul is called kaivalya (omniscience). A liberated soul thus becomes

3550-473: The lack of explicit vowels in the Hebrew script. The resulting substitute made from semivowels and glottals , known as the tetragrammaton, is not ordinarily permitted to be pronounced aloud, even in prayer. The prohibition on misuse (not use) of this name is the primary subject of the command not to take the name of the Lord in vain . Instead of pronouncing YHWH during prayer, Jews say " Adonai " ('Lord'). Halakha requires that secondary rules be placed around

3621-846: The language in use (see Baháʼí symbols ). Apart from these names, God is addressed in the local language, for example Ishwar in Hindi, Dieu in French and Dios in Spanish. Baháʼís believe Bahá'u'lláh , the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, is the "complete incarnation of the names and attributes of God". Mandaeans believe in one God called Hayyi Rabbi ('The Great Life' or 'The Great Living God'). Other names for God used include Mare d'Rabuta ('Lord of Greatness'), Mana Rabba ('The Great Mind'), Melka d'Nhura ('King of Light') and Hayyi Qadmaiyi ('The First Life'). A divine name

SECTION 50

#1732772005298

3692-521: The lord." In their less-virginal incarnations as the consort Anat-Bethel or as a mother goddess ʕtr [ʕ-t-r-m = ʕtr-(ʕ)m(y) "ʕtr my mother"] these and "hand of" the deity are added. This might mean hypostasis or intercession. There are multiple names for God's various manifestations worshiped in Hinduism . Some of the common names for these deities in Hinduism are: Additionally, most Hindu deities have

3763-484: The masculine plural suffix -im ים creating a word like ba`alim ('owners') and adonim ('lords', 'masters') that may also indicate a singular identity. In the Book of Exodus , God commands Moses to tell the people that 'I AM' sent him, and this is revered as one of the most important names of God according to Mosaic tradition. Moses said to God, "Suppose I go to the Israelites and say to them, 'The God of your fathers has sent me to you,' and they ask me, 'What

3834-536: The material depiction of a deity or more deities has always played an eminent role in all cultures of the world. The claim to worship the "one and only true God" came to most of the world with the arrival of Abrahamic religions and is the distinguishing characteristic of their monotheistic worldview, whereas virtually all the other religions in the world have been and/or are still animistic and polytheistic . The Tanakh refers to deities from other neighboring cultures as shedim ( Hebrew : שֵׁדִים ), possibly

3905-601: The name of "the one God", used to signify a monotheistic or ultimate Supreme Being from which all other divine attributes derive, has been a subject of ecumenical discourse between Eastern and Western scholars for over two centuries. In Christian theology the word is considered a personal and a proper name of God. On the other hand, the names of God in a different tradition are sometimes referred to by symbols. The question whether divine names used by different religions are equivalent has been raised and analyzed. Exchange of names held sacred between different religious traditions

3976-624: The name of God the Father is Elohim and the name of Jesus in his pre-incarnate state was Jehovah. Together, with the Holy Ghost they form the Godhead ; God the Father, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit. Mormons typically refer to God as "Heavenly Father" or "Father in Heaven". Although Mormonism views the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit as three distinct beings, they are one in purpose and God

4047-587: The personal name of God YHWH (pronounced with the vocalizations Yahweh or Jehovah), titles of God used by Christians include the Hebrew titles Elohim, El-Shaddai, and Adonai, as well as Ancient of Days , Father / Abba which is Hebrew, "Most High". Abba ('father' in Hebrew) is a common term used for the creator within Christianity because it was a title Jesus used to refer to God the Father . In Mormonism

4118-526: The primary law, to reduce the chance that the main law will be broken. As such, it is common religious practice to restrict the use of the word "Adonai" to prayer only. In conversation, many Jewish people, even when not speaking Hebrew, will call God HaShem ( השם ), which is Hebrew for 'the Name'; this appears in Leviticus 24:11 . Almost all Orthodox Jews avoid using either Yahweh or Jehovah altogether on

4189-427: The processes of ripening the grape, the production and distribution of the wine, or the process of managing the winery. In the meaning b) one speaks of quality wine or wine with predicate or of excellent management. With reference to c), quality is the sum of the individual (value) attitudes (properties) of a target-oriented individual. Quality is differentiated by "having" or "being". The aim to which qualitative action

4260-437: The sages communicated the pronunciation only once every seven years; this system was challenged by more recent movements. The nature of a holy name can be described as either personal or attributive. In many cultures it is often difficult to distinguish between the personal and the attributive names of God, the two divisions necessarily shading into each other. El comes from a root word meaning "god" or "deity", reconstructed in

4331-563: The selfsame substance, while retaining its identity, is yet capable of admitting contrary qualities. The same individual person is at one time white, at another black, at one time warm, at another cold, at one time good, at another bad. This capacity is found nowhere else... it is the peculiar mark of substance that it should be capable of admitting contrary qualities; for it is by itself changing that it does so". Aristotle described four types of qualitative opposites: correlatives, contraries, privatives and positives. John Locke presented

SECTION 60

#1732772005298

4402-662: The sentence), or Parvardigar in Persian are used as names of God. The sound Hu derives from the last letter of the word Allah , which is read as Allahu when in the middle of a sentence. Hu means 'Just He' or 'Revealed'. The word explicitly appears in many verses of the Quran : " La ilaha illa Hu " The scriptures of the Baháʼí Faith often refer to God by various titles and attributes, such as Almighty, All-Possessing, All-Powerful, All-Wise, Incomparable, Gracious, Helper, All-Glorious, and Omniscient. Baháʼís believe

4473-499: The spiritual world, as the true, good God. In the Archontic , Sethian , and Ophite systems, Yaldabaoth (Yahweh) is regarded as the malevolent Demiurge and false god of the Old Testament who sinned by claiming divinity for himself and generated the material universe and keeps the souls trapped in physical bodies, imprisoned in the world full of pain and suffering that he created . However, not all Gnostic movements regarded

4544-506: The subjective mode and the context of appearance. For example, a shadow is a secondary quality. It requires a certain lighting to be applied to an object. For another example, consider the mass of an object. Weight is a secondary quality since, as a measurement of gravitational force , it varies depending on the distance to, and mass of, very massive objects like the Earth , as described by Newton's law . It could be thought that mass

4615-559: The tetragrammaton was never really lost. Other Greek transcriptions also indicated that YHWH should be pronounced Yahweh. Jah or Yah (rendered as יָהּ ‎ in Hebrew) is an abbreviation of Jahweh/Yahweh/Jehovah. It appears in certain translations of the Bible, such as the Revised Standard Version , and is used by Christians in the interjection Hallelujah , meaning "Praise Jah", which is used to give Jahweh glory. In Christianity, certain hymns dedicated to God invoke

4686-519: The universe and its constituents (soul, matter, space, time, and principles of motion) have always existed . All the constituents and actions are governed by universal natural laws and an immaterial entity like God cannot create a material entity like the universe. Jainism offers an elaborate cosmology , including heavenly beings ( deva s ), but these beings are not viewed as creators; they are subject to suffering and change like all other living beings, and must eventually die. Jains define godliness as

4757-906: The word Heiland is sometimes used as reference to Jesus, e.g., in church chorals). In the Book of Revelation in the Christian New Testament , God, that is, Jesus is quoted as saying "I am the Alpha and the Omega , the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End". (cf. Rev. 1:8 , 21:6 , and 22:13 ) Some Quakers refer to God with the title of the Light . Another term used is King of Kings or Lord of Lords and Lord of Hosts . In addition to

4828-675: The word for God in Islam . The word Allah has been used by Arabic people of different religions since pre-Islamic times. More specifically, it has been used as a term for God by Muslims (both Arab and non-Arab) and Arab Christians . God has many names in Islam. The Qur'an says (in translation) "to Him Belong the Best Names ( Lahu Al-Asma' Al-Husna )"; examples include Ar-Rahman ('the Entirely Merciful') and Ar-Rahim ('the Especially Merciful'). Beside these Arabic names, Muslims of non-Arab origins may also sometimes use other names in their own languages to refer to God, such as Khuda in Persian , Bengali and Urdu . Tangri or Tengri

4899-407: The work of a divine being, but a result of an innate moral order in the cosmos ; a self-regulating mechanism whereby the individual reaps the fruits of his own actions through the workings of the karmas. Jains believe that to attain enlightenment and ultimately liberation from all karmic bonding, one must practice the ethical principles not only in thought, but also in words (speech) and action. Such

4970-423: Was god/ Tirthankara but he was not the only Tirthankara ; there were many other Tirthankara . However, the quality of godliness is one and the same in all of them. Jainism does not teach the dependency on any supreme being for enlightenment. The Tirthankara is a guide and teacher who points the way to enlightenment, but the struggle for enlightenment is one's own. Moral rewards and sufferings are not

5041-399: Was used in the Ottoman Turkish language as the equivalent of Allah. He is Allah, other than whom there is no deity, Knower of the unseen and the witnessed. He is the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. He is Allah, other than whom there is no deity, the Sovereign, the Pure, the Perfection, the Bestower of Faith, the Overseer, the Exalted in Might, the Compeller, the Superior. Exalted

#297702