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34-466: Hongchun was born on 11 October 1703 to lady Šušu Gioro , Yunti's secondary consort. In his childhood, Hongchun was described as a filial and intelligent child, which resulted in a close relationship with father. In 1723, Hongchun was granted a title of the prince of the fourth rank, but was later stripped of his title after it was discovered that Yunti had been a member of "The Party of Eighth Lord" (八爷党) which unsuccessfully supported Yunsi 's ascension to

68-593: A Manchu woman of the Plain Yellow Banner , and raised by the Consort Hui, mother of Yinzhi , the first son of the Kangxi Emperor. Consort Liang was seen by some historians as coming from a disadvantaged background, because she was a member of the "sin jeku" slave caste before she became the Kangxi Emperor's consort. While the low status of her mother's family affected Yinsi's prestige within

102-683: A monk, but the emperor refused. Yuntang was later imprisoned in Baoding . He died from an unspecified "abdominal illness". However, there are speculations that Yuntang died from poisoning. In 1778, Yuntang was posthumously rehabilitated by the Qianlong Emperor , who had succeeded the Yongzheng Emperor in 1735. Yuntang was restored to the Aisin Gioro clan and had his name changed back from "Seshe" to "Yuntang". "Sàisīhēi"

136-623: A pioneer in the romanisation of the Manchu language . He was known to have had ties with the Portuguese missionary Joannes Mourão (穆景遠). Mourão allegedly introduced Yuntang to literature written in the Latin alphabet , which allowed Yuntang to establish a basic Manchu romanisation system around 1723, supposedly as a secret code for communication between himself and other supporters of Yunsi. While Paul Georg von Möllendorff 's Möllendorff system

170-411: A strong base of support among the officials of court due to his moral character and wide range of talents, emerged as a serious contender for crown prince. The breadth of his support was his downfall, as it aroused suspicion from the emperor that Yinsi was competing for influence not against other princes but against the emperor himself. Yinsi's support network, which included many top-ranking officials,

204-601: Is a Chinese transliterating words of a Manchu term which has traditionally been translated as "dog" in Chinese. However it is a false rumour. According to Hei tu dang (黑图档), a Manchu script document now kept in Liaoning Provincial Museum , the original term is "Seshe" ( ᠰᡝᠰᡥᡝ ). There is some dispute as to whether that is an accurate translation. Some scholars suggest "Seshe" actually means "to tremble", or "annoying person". Yuntang has been viewed as

238-602: The Lifan Yuan , in addition to being awarded the title "Prince Lian of the First Rank". He was removed from office four years later, his titles stripped, then he was banished from the imperial clan . He was charged with a litany of crimes and sent to prison, where he died in disgrace. He was posthumously rehabilitated during the Qianlong Emperor 's reign. Yunsi was born to the Kangxi Emperor and Consort Liang,

272-511: The Aisin Gioro clan, and imprisoned him in Baoding . Yuntang died under mysterious circumstances later. In 1778, the Qianlong Emperor , who succeeded the Yongzheng Emperor, posthumously rehabilitated Yuntang and restored him to the Aisin Gioro clan. Yintang was born in the Aisin Gioro clan as the ninth son of the Kangxi Emperor . His mother was Consort Yi (宜妃) from the Gorolo clan. He

306-423: The Qianlong Emperor 's reign. "Āqínà" ( 阿其那 ) is a Chinese transliterating words of a Manchu term which has traditionally been translated as "pig" in Chinese. However it is a false rumour. Some scholars suggest the original Manchu term is "Acina" ( ᠠᠴᡳᠨᠠ ), which actually means "to carry (with your crime)". But according to Hei tu dang (黑图档), a Manchu script document now kept in Liaoning Provincial Museum ,

340-514: The Yongzheng Emperor in 1722, Yinsi changed his name to "Yunsi" to avoid using the same character as the Yongzheng Emperor's personal name, considered taboo . A few weeks after the death of the Kangxi Emperor, the Yongzheng Emperor enfeoffed Yunsi as "Prince Lian of the First Rank" ( Chinese : 和碩廉親王 ; Manchu : hošoi hanja cin wang ) and he sat on the emperor's top advisory board along with Yinxiang , Maci , and Longkodo . Yinsi

374-465: The Yongzheng Emperor . Yintang and all his brothers had to change the character Yin (胤) in their names to Yun (允) to avoid naming taboo , because the reigning emperor's name also contained the character Yin . In the same year, Yuntang was sent to the military garrison at Xining and placed under the supervision of the general Nian Gengyao . Three years later, in 1725, the Yongzheng Emperor stripped Yuntang off his beizi title, banished him from

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408-416: The Aisin Gioro clan, and forced him to change his name to "Seshe" ( Manchu : ᠰᡝᠰᡥᡝ ; Chinese : 塞思黑 ; pinyin : Sàisīhēi ). His eight sons were forced to change their name to Fusihūn, Facuhūn, Ubiyada, Eimede, Hairakan, Dungki, Dusihiyen and Eihun respectively. Yuntang reportedly pleaded with the emperor to send him to a Buddhist monastery and allow him to spend the rest of his life as

442-527: The Kangxi Emperor grew suspicious that the crown prince was conspiring to oust him in a coup. Yinreng was stripped of his position as crown prince and then placed under house arrest. Four days later, in an apparent sign of trust, the Kangxi Emperor commissioned Yinsi to oversee the imperial household department to 'clean house' and remove some vestiges of Yinreng's influence. However, Yinsi used this unique vantage point as an opportunity to curry favour with those previously loyal to Yinreng. Yinsi, widely known to have

476-507: The Kangxi Emperor that Yinsi should assume the position of Crown Prince. The breadth of support for Yinsi had ostensibly caught the Kangxi emperor off guard. The emperor, in a stark about-face, declared the results of the mandarin vote tally invalid. The emperor became incensed at Yinsi's self-promotion in the struggles that ensued, and stripped him of his doroi beile title and stipend (later restored). Many other princes also became disgraced in

510-699: The Ninth Prince Yintang , Tenth Prince Yin'e , and the 14th Prince Yinti , became a formidable clique in imperial affairs, bound together by their desire to see Yinsi become the next emperor. Collectively, this group became known as the Baye Dang , or the Eighth Lord Party ( 八爺黨 ). The Baye Dang often saw itself at odds with the Crown Prince Party ( 太子黨 ), a similarly influential group bound by their interest of maintaining

544-439: The crown prince position in 1709. However, the latter was once again stripped of his Crown Prince title a few years later. After the second removal, Kangxi became determined to select another prince as his successor. He issued an order for officials at court to divulge their own preferences on which of his sons should be the next crown prince. In what became essentially a straw-poll vote, the majority of court officials petitioned to

578-428: The emperor, rather than rewarding Yinsi, sentenced Zhang to death by lingchi in order to discourage others from becoming involved in the struggle for succession. The Zhang Mingde episode was a huge blow to Yinsi politically and resulted in his own house arrest. The Kangxi Emperor, disillusioned by ambitions of his remaining sons and the ferocity with which they were plotting against one another, reinstated Yinreng in

612-416: The household of his mother. At the behest of Yinzhi, a fortune teller by the name of Zhang Mingde was sent to Yinsi. Zhang foretold that Yinsi was predestined for greatness. Yinzhi, long pre-occupied with supernatural ways to influence temporal affairs, relayed Zhang's seemingly auspicious predictions about Yinsi's future to the emperor in an attempt bolster Yinsi's case for becoming crown prince. In response,

646-523: The imperial throne. As a result, Yunsi was banished from the imperial clan and renamed "Akina" (阿其那, meaning "frozen fish"). Yunti was placed under the house arrest in the Hall of Imperial Longevity (寿皇殿) in the Jingshan Park in 1726. Hongchun took care of his father during the confinement, which aided his career by bestowal of the title of grace defender duke on him. In 1728, Hongchun was promoted to

680-525: The inner reaches of the Forbidden City for an entire night, ostensibly for an infraction committed during his oversight of the Lifan Yuan . In early 1725, the emperor forcibly exiled Yunsi's wife to the interior, and forbid all communication between the two. By 1725, Yunsi had completely lost favour with the emperor, and became the target of trumped-up charges and accusations that eventually led to

714-439: The lengthy battle for succession. According to some historians, the Kangxi emperor had sensed that Yinsi had amassed greater clout than himself, ultimately pushing him to suppress any further ambition by Yinsi for the throne. Thereafter, Yinsi threw his weight behind the 14th Prince Yinti , who was seen by most observers as being destined for the throne. After his fourth brother, Yinzhen, succeeded their father and became known as

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748-624: The original term is "Akina" ( ᠠᡴᡳᠨᠠ ). There is some dispute as to whether that is an accurate translation: "frozen fish", "fish on the chopping block", or "meat on the chopping block". According to the Jingshi Fangxiang Zhigao (京师坊巷志稿), the Prince Lian family compound was located near Taijichang Road southeast of the Forbidden City, due west of the family compound of Fuquan , the Prince Yu. Its interior structure

782-434: The position of the crown prince. Once Yinreng was removed as heir apparent, some supporters of Yinsi engaged in conspiracies to murder Yinreng. Shortly after Yinreng was deposed as crown prince, Yinzhi, the eldest son of Kangxi, had run afoul of the emperor for casting sorcery spells against Yinreng. Yinzhi, seeing his own hopes of attaining the crown prince position evaporate, gave his backing to Yinsi, who had been raised in

816-406: The power struggle over the succession to his father's throne. Yunsi was believed to be favoured by most officials in the imperial court to be the next emperor but ultimately lost the struggle to his fourth brother Yinzhen, who became the Yongzheng Emperor . After the Yongzheng Emperor ascended the throne in 1723, Yunsi was named a top advisor to the new emperor and imperial chancellor , the head of

850-753: The prince of the third rank. In 1731, he was granted the title Prince Tai of the Second Rank (泰郡王, meaning "peaceful"). Prior to ascension of the Qianlong Emperor , Hongchun was blamed for misusing the annual stipend, especially embezzlement of 1000 taels . Moreover, Yongzheng Emperor accused him of blasphemy against Buddha. Hongchun was stripped of his title and his property was arrested by Embroidered Uniform Guards , Qing dynasty secret police known as "luanyiwei" (銮仪卫) at that time. Hongchun died on 3 March 1739 and did not receive posthumous honours. His descendants became minor clansmen (闲散宗室, pinyin: xiansan zongshi), hence being recorded in imperial genealogy. Hongchun

884-399: The ranks of the princes, it also gave Yinsi the impetus to overcome the odds through hard work and cultivating moral character. Over time, Yinsi became one of the Kangxi Emperor's favourite sons. He was popular with officials at court, and his uncle Fuquan would often praise him in front of his father, the Kangxi Emperor. At the age of only 18, Yinsi was granted the rank of doroi beile ,

918-410: The stripping of Yunsi's princely title, along with his banishment from the imperial clan . After his banishment, Yunsi was forced to rename himself "Akina" ( Manchu : ᠠᡴᡳᠨᠠ ; Chinese : 阿其那 ; pinyin : Āqínà ). Yunsi died in captivity, four years after the Yongzheng Emperor's coronation. He was posthumously rehabilitated and restored to the imperial clan under the name "Yunsi" during

952-417: The third highest rank of nobility. The Kangxi Emperor had initially chosen Yinreng , his second son to survive into adulthood, as crown prince. However, towards the later years of the emperor's reign, Yinreng engaged in increasingly licentious activities and also established a strong political base revolving around his own authority, causing him to rapidly lose favour. In 1708, during a hunting trip to Rehe,

986-519: Was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty . He was the ninth son of the Kangxi Emperor and an ally of his eighth brother Yunsi , who was the main rival to their fourth brother Yinzhen in the power struggle over the succession. In 1722, Yinzhen succeeded their father and became historically known as the Yongzheng Emperor , after which he started purging his former rivals. In 1725, the Yongzheng Emperor stripped Yuntang off his beizi title, banished him from

1020-753: Was altered shortly after Yunsi's expulsion from the imperial clan in 1725, and converted to a storehouse during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. Nevertheless, some parts of the original structure may have survived to the present day. Its approximate location is near the present-day Wangfujing Station of the Beijing Subway, near the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China . Primary Consort Concubine Yuntang Yuntang (17 October 1683 – 22 September 1726), born Yintang ,

1054-474: Was charged with overseeing the Lifan Yuan , the bureaucratic organ in charge of the affairs of the Qing dynasty suzerain lands such as Mongolia. Despite bestowing Yunsi with the highest honors, the Yongzheng Emperor targeted those court officials who were Yunsi allies. The Yongzheng Emperor frequently criticised Yunsi for not performing his duties properly. In 1724, for example, the emperor ordered Yunsi to kneel in

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1088-456: Was married to lady Guwalgiya, daughter of viscount Qingde (庆德). His secondary consort, lady Usun, was demoted to mistress shortly after he was stripped of his princely title. Consorts and issue: Yunsi Yunsi (29 March 1680 – 5 October 1726), born as Yinsi , was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty in China. The eighth son of the Kangxi Emperor , Yunsi was a pivotal figure in

1122-405: Was not one of the Kangxi Emperor's favourite sons, but nonetheless managed to gain substantial wealth and influence among his brothers. The Kangxi Emperor had designated his second oldest surviving son, Yinreng , as Crown Prince, but had also stripped Yinreng from his position twice due to Yinreng's arrogance and violent behaviour. During that two periods of time when the position of Crown Prince

1156-434: Was vacant, Yintang supported his eighth brother, Yinsi , in his bid to secure that position, but Yinsi did not succeed both times. The Kangxi Emperor eventually decided to secretly designate an heir apparent, whose identity would only be revealed after his death. In 1722, after the Kangxi Emperor died, his fourth son, Yinzhen, was revealed to be his chosen successor. Yinzhen ascended the throne and became historically known as

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