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82-692: The Hongqi CA72 was developed by First Automotive Works (FAW) based in Changchun , which was founded in 1953 with technical and financial support from the Soviet Union . FAW originally primarily produced commercial vehicles, in particular heavy trucks based on Soviet models under the Jiefang brand. In 1958, the Great Leap Forward began in China, aimed at eliminating China's industrial gap to

164-608: A sub-provincial city , comprising 7 districts, 1 county and 3 county-level cities. According to the 2020 census of China, Changchun had a total population of 9,066,906 under its jurisdiction. The city's metro area, comprising 5 districts and 1 development area, had a population of 5,019,477 in 2020, as the Shuangyang and Jiutai districts are not urbanized yet. It is one of the biggest cities in Northeast China , along with Shenyang , Dalian and Harbin . The name of

246-460: A tabula rasa upon which to construct new and sweeping conceptions of the built environment, the Japanese used the city as a practical laboratory to create two distinct and idealized urban milieus, each appropriate to a particular era. From 1906 to 1931, Changchun served as a key railway town through which the Japanese orchestrated an informal empire. Between 1932 and 1945, the city became home to

328-479: A city proper area of 159 km (61 sq mi). The city is situated at a moderate elevation, ranging from 250 to 350 metres (820 to 1,150 ft) within its administrative region. In the eastern portion of the city, there lies a small area of low mountains, with the Laodaodong Mountain, which has an altitude of 711 meters, being the highest. The city is also situated at the crisscross point of

410-964: A good example. Changchun expanded rapidly as the junction between of the Japanese-owned South Manchurian Railway and the Russian-owned Chinese Eastern Railway , remaining the break of gauge point between the Russian and standard gauges into the 1930s, On 10 March 1932 the capital of Manchukuo , a Japan-controlled puppet state in Manchuria , was established in Changchun. The city was then renamed Hsinking ( Chinese : 新京 ; pinyin : Xīnjīng ; Wade–Giles : Hsin-ching ; Japanese : Shinkyō ; literally "New Capital") on 13 March. The Emperor Puyi resided in

492-415: A grandiose new Asian capital. Yet, while the façades in the city and later the capital contrasted markedly, along with the attitudes of the state they upheld, the shifting styles of planning and architecture consistently attempted to represent Japanese rule as progressive, beneficent, and modern. The development of Changchun, in addition to being driven by the railway system, suggested an important period of

574-419: A joint venture with General Motors in 2009 and has joint ventures with a handful of other foreign companies as well. The company produced more than 1.5 million vehicles in 2008, and in 2009 it was the largest machinery corporation and the second largest auto manufacturer in China. In 2010, the 2.56 million units sold made it the third most-productive vehicle maker in China that year, and one of its offerings,

656-525: A new building for the museum's collections was completed in 2016 on the city's outskirts in Nanguan District near Jingyuetan Park. Badabu is a group of buildings of the former eight Manchukuo ministries which are Ministry of Public Safety, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Economy, Ministry of Communications, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Culture and Education, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Civil Affairs that has recently become

738-701: A passenger car production base in the Chenghua District of Sichuan province and another in Changchun , Jilin province . As of 2008, its 10,000 units/year capacity production base in Changchun makes the Toyota Prius and the Toyota Land Cruiser . The other production base it controls may make buses. This equally owned joint venture with Toyota makes engines at its production bases in the Xiqing District of Tianjin and at

820-799: A second VW production base is, as of 2009, scheduled to be built in the city. The Dalian division of FAW Bus and Coach Co Ltd manufactures Jiefang and Yuan Zheng brand medium and large-size buses in a production base in Dalian , Liaoning province . An unfinished bus production base in at the Dalian Economic & Technological Development Zone is expected to be complete in mid-2010 and will produce hybrid buses. Another Dalian base produces engines for commercial trucks, construction equipment, and agricultural machinery. As of 2010, 150,000 units/year production capacity FAW-VW production base will soon be built in this Guangdong province city. Located in

902-665: A sightseeing highlight because of their unique combined Chinese, Japanese and Manchurian architecture. Jingyuetan National Forest Park is located to the southeast of the city, and is one of the AAAAA Tourist Attractions of China . The park hosts Vasaloppet China annually. Changchun achieved a gross domestic product (GDP) of RMB332.9 billion in 2010, representing a rise of 15.3 percent year on year. Primary industry output increased by 3.3 percent to RMB25.27 billion. Secondary industry output experienced an increase of 19.0 percent, reaching RMB171.99 billion, while

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984-561: A small group of Falun Gong practitioners. These events were depicted in the documentary Eternal Spring . Changchun hosted the 2007 Winter Asian Games . Changchun lies in the middle portion of the Northeast China Plain . Its municipality area is located at latitude 43° 05′−45° 15′ N and longitude 124° 18′−127° 02' E. The total area of Changchun municipality is 20,571 km (7,943 sq mi), including metro areas of 2,583 square kilometres (997 sq mi), and

1066-530: A strong cooperative relationship with a foreign counterpart. SAIC was the first, in 1984 and also with VW . Volkswagen was the first foreign partner for FAW, but others soon followed. The company acquired 50% ownership of Tianjin Automotive Xiali in September, 2002, and renamed the brand FAW Tianjin . As a result, FAW ended up with Toyota as a foreign joint venture partner. FAW established

1148-463: A substantial portion of the city's southwest end. Specific brands produced in Changchun include the Red Flag luxury brand, as well as joint ventures with Audi , Volkswagen , and Toyota . In 2012, FAW sold 2.65 million units of auto. The sales revenue of FAW amounted to RMB 408.46 billion, representing a rise of 10.8% on year. As cradle of the auto industry, one of Changchun's better known nicknames

1230-402: Is "China's Detroit". Manufacturing of transportation facilities and machinery is also among Changchun's main industries. 50 percent of China's passenger trains , and 10 percent of tractors are produced in Changchun. Changchun Railway Vehicles , one of the main branches of China CNR Corporation , has a joint venture established with Bombardier Transportation to build Movia metro cars for

1312-687: Is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Changchun , Jilin . Founded on 15 July 1953, it is currently the second largest of the " Big Four " state-owned car manufacturers of China, together with SAIC Motor , Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Changan Automobile . The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding, such as Hongqi , Bestune (Benteng) as well as under foreign-branded joint ventures such as FAW-Toyota and FAW-Volkswagen (Volkswagen, Audi, Jetta). Its principal products are automobiles, buses, light, medium and heavy-duty trucks, and auto parts. FAW became China's first automobile manufacturer when it unveiled

1394-586: Is heavily concentrated from June to August. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 49 percent in July to 69 percent in February, a typical year will see around 2,597 hours of sunshine, and a frost-free period of 140 to 150 days. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −36.5 °C (−34 °F) to 38.0 °C (100 °F). The sub-provincial city of Changchun has direct jurisdiction over 7 districts , 3 county-level cities and 1 County : According to

1476-643: Is one make of Jiefang branded trucks. Bestune was established on August 18, 2006, It may also be known as Ben Teng . It serves as the passenger car brand in FAW Group. Created in 2003, FAW operates this joint venture with Japanese automaker Toyota through Tianjin FAW . Key subsidiaries include: Operates a passenger car production base in the Nansha Economic Development District of Guangzhou , Guangdong province . Operates

1558-557: The Sixth China Census , the total population of the City of Changchun reached 7.677 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 7.59 million. The birth rate was 6.08 per thousand and the death rate was 5.51 per thousand. The urban area had a population of 3.53 million people. In 2010 the sex ratio of the city population was 102.10 males to 100 females. As in most of Northeastern China

1640-543: The Chinese Communist Party in 1948 after the five-month Siege of Changchun , and the communist victory was a turning point which allowed an offensive to capture the remainder of Mainland China . Between 10 and 30 percent of the civilian population starved to death under the siege; estimates range from 150,000 to 330,000. As of 2015 the PRC government avoids all mention of the siege. Renamed Changchun by

1722-747: The Double First-Class Construction . Changchun was initially established on imperial decree as a small trading post and frontier village during the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor in the Qing dynasty . Trading activities mainly involved furs and other natural products during this period. In 1800, the Jiaqing Emperor selected a small village on the east bank of the Yitong River and named it "Changchun Ting". At

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1804-811: The FAW-Volkswagen joint venture and the other makes self-branded autos. An unfinished production base in the Longquan Economic Development Zone in Chengdu , Sichuan province , replaces an older Sichuan base and will produce passenger cars for a FAW-Toyota joint venture, Tianjin FAW Toyota Motor Co Ltd, when it is completed in 2010. FAW Jiefang Truck Co Ltd also has a production base here. Another site in Chengdu produces cars for FAW-Volkswagen , and

1886-571: The Imperial Japanese Army established Unit 100 to develop plague biological weapons , although the declared purpose of Unit 100 was to conduct research about diseases originating from animals . During the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and World War II the headquarters of Unit 100 ("Wakamatsu Unit") was located in downtown Hsinking, under command of veterinarian Yujiro Wakamatsu . This facility

1968-606: The Manchurian plague . It was the worst-ever recorded outbreak of pneumonic plague which was spread through the Trans-Manchurian railway from the border trade port of Manzhouli . This turned out to be the beginning of the large pneumonic plague pandemic of Manchuria and Mongolia which ultimately claimed 60,000 victims. The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05 and saw

2050-557: The People's Republic of China government , it became the capital of Jilin in 1954. The Changchun Film Studio is also one of the remaining film studios of the era. Changchun Film Festival has become a unique gala for film industries since 1992. From the 1950s, Changchun was designated to become a center for China's automotive industry . Construction of the First Automobile Works (FAW) began in 1953 and production of

2132-454: The Red Flag . Due to the short timeframe given by the government aiming for a 1959 production deadline, this was actually not a fully FAW built prototype, but a reskinned Chrysler Imperial , having gotten access to an imported 1955 example in Jilin , FAW's hometown. The first prototype in the dimensions and in the basic technical structures already corresponded to the later production model. In

2214-520: The Siberian anticyclone , with a January mean temperature of −14.3 °C (6.3 °F). Spring and autumn are somewhat short transitional periods, with some precipitation, but are usually dry and windy. Summers are hot and humid, with a prevailing southeasterly wind due to the East Asian monsoon; July averages 23.7 °C (74.7 °F). Snow is usually light during the winter, and annual rainfall

2296-922: The Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone . Combined, both bases can produce 440,000 units annually. Making engines at a 130,000 units/year capacity production base in the Changchun Economic and Technology Development Zone, this equally owned joint venture was established in 2004. Established in 1991, this large-scale automobile manufacturer is a joint venture between FAW Group and Volkswagen AG which, as of 2003, have ownership stakes of 60% and 40%, respectively. It manufactures Audi and Volkswagen -branded automobiles for sale in China. This subsidiary of FAW's joint venture with VW controls production bases in Chengdu , Sichuan province . A joint venture with General Motors that mainly produces Jiefang light-duty trucks, this JV includes

2378-651: The standard gauge (after a short period of using the narrow Japanese 3 ft 6 in ( 1,067 mm ) gauge during the war). A special Russo-Japanese agreement of 1907 provided that Russian gauge tracks would continue from the "Russian" Kuancheng Station to the "Japanese" Changchun Station, and vice versa, tracks on the "gauge adapted by the South Manchuria Railway" (i.e. the standard gauge) would continue from Changchun Station to Kuancheng Station. An epidemic of pneumonic plague occurred in surrounding Manchuria from 1910 to 1911, known as

2460-568: The 19th century, the garden city movement , and theories of American cities' planning and design in the 1920s. The city development plan included extensive tree planting. By 1934 Hsinking was known as the Forest Capital with Jingyuetan Park built, which is now China's largest Plantation and a AAAA-rated recreational area. In accordance with the Metropolitan Plan of Great Hsinking, the area of publicly shared land (including

2542-753: The CB4, the Hongqi CA72 has been technically improved over the years in details. This affected, among other things, the brakes, which were too weak in the first vehicles. From 1965, the Hongqi was referred to as CA770 . Externally and technically, the CA770 was largely identical to the CA72, including the 1950s Mopar mechanicals which would remain until the end of CA770 production in 1981. First Automotive Works China FAW Group Corp., Ltd. ( First Automotive Works )

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2624-735: The FAW No. 2 Engine Factory, the FAW No. 2 Car Factory, and the former FAW No. 1 Car Factory, this publicly listed subsidiary produces cars, transmissions, and engines. It has a production base in western Changchun , Jilin province . Founded in 1959, it produces buses sold under the Taihu brand. Created in 1997 when FAW purchased a controlling interest in Hongta Yunnan Automobile Co Ltd, this subsidiary company, as of 2003, produces 1/2-3 ton pickups and light trucks as well as license-built Daihatsu models. This factory

2706-571: The FAW Xiali, was the 7th most-purchased car in China in 2010. It produced 2.6 million vehicles in 2011, the third-largest output of any China-based company. While it retained its third place rank, the number of whole vehicles produced in 2012 slowed to 2.3 million. Passenger cars made up a relatively scant 64% of total production that year. In July 2021, FAW transferred 49% of the shares of FAW Haima to Hainan Development Holdings Co., Ltd. (Hainan Holdings) at no charge. Haima Automobile holds 51% of

2788-532: The Harbin Light Vehicle and FAW Hongta Yunnan factories. This joint venture with General Motors mainly produces Jiefang light-duty trucks. This joint venture with US based design firm Silk EV produces high end luxury hybrid sports cars. FAW has at least 28 wholly owned subsidiaries and controlling shares in 18 partially owned subsidiaries. These include the wholly owned subsidiaries FAW Jiefang Truck Co Ltd and FAW Bus and Coach Co Ltd, and

2870-665: The Imperial Palace (Chinese: 帝宮 ; pinyin: Dì gōng ) which is now the Museum of the Manchu State Imperial Palace . During the Manchukuo period, the region experienced harsh suppression, brutal warfare on the civilian population, forced conscription and labor and other Japanese sponsored government brutalities; at the same time a rapid industrialisation and militarisation took place. Hsinking

2952-545: The Imperial Palace, government offices, roads, parks and athletic grounds) in Hsinking was 47 km (18 sq mi), whilst the area of residential, commercial and industrial developments was planned to be 53 km (20 sq mi). However, Hsinking's population exceeded the prediction of 500,000 by 1940. In 1941, the Capital Construction Bureau modified the original plan, which expanded

3034-531: The Jiefang CA-10 truck, based on the Soviet ZIS-150 started in 1956. Soviet Union lent assistance during these early years, providing technical support, tooling, and production machinery. In 1958, FAW introduced the famous Hongqi (Red Flag) limousines This series of cars are billed as "the official car for minister-level officials". In 2002, the local television broadcast was hijacked by

3116-656: The Ministry of Construction of P.R. China in 2001 due to its high urban greening rate. Changchun is also one of the top 30 cities in the world by scientific research as tracked by the Nature Index according to the Nature Index 2024 Science Cities. The city is home to several major universities , notably Jilin University and Northeast Normal University , members of China's prestigious universities in

3198-471: The Northeast modern architectural culture, reflecting Japanese urban design endeavours and revealing that county's ambition to invade and occupy China. Japanese architecture and culture had been widely applied to Manchukuo to highlight the special status of the Japanese puppet. Urban planning clearly stems from a culture, be it aggressive or creative. Changchun's planning and construction process serves as

3280-500: The USSR is even credited with choosing Changchun as the location for the first FAW facility. First Automotive Works initially made only commercial trucks, but started producing passenger cars in 1958. These vehicles, Hongqi luxury sedans, were the first domestically produced Chinese automobiles. Made primarily for the party elite, the design changed little over their thirty-year production run. Following this, FAW's Audi products are

3362-683: The United States or the Soviet Union, the First Automotive Works transferred a third of its workforce to develop the Second Automotive Works. In 1992, the name First Automotive Works was changed to FAW Group Corporation. Though FAW was the fourth Chinese automaker to take on Western partners, its early joint venture with Volkswagen in 1990 saw it become the second Chinese auto company to develop

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3444-463: The automaker FAW Group. Hongqi was launched in 1958, making it the oldest Chinese passenger car marque. In Chinese, hongqi means " red flag ." Jiefang is the medium and heavy trucks brand of FAW Group. The first truck rolled off of the lines in 1956, which was the first ever-built truck by the People's Republic of China . Jiefang became a subsidiary on 18 January 2003 with two subsidiaries of its own, Qingdao Truck Division and FAW Trading Company, it

3526-461: The body area, however, there were significant differences. The prototype had a wide chrome strip on the sides of the car. Above the rear wheels was a large air intake, the edge of which was also chrome plated. The hand fan -shaped grille was very narrow at the bottom and opened far up, which had cultural significance in China from the Chinese character for "fan" ( 扇 ). These elements accounted for

3608-411: The capital of Manchukuo. According to the census in 1934 taken by the police agency, the city's municipal area had 141,712 inhabitants. By 1944 the city's population had risen to 863,607, with 153,614 Japanese settlers . This population made Hsinking the third largest metropolitan city in Manchukuo after Mukden and Harbin, as the metropolitan mainly focused on military and political function. In 1936,

3690-544: The city means "long spring" in Chinese . Between 1932 and 1945, Changchun was renamed Xinjing ( Chinese : 新京 ; pinyin : Xīnjīng ; lit. 'new capital') or Hsinking by the Kwantung Army as it became the capital of the Imperial Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo , occupying modern Northeast China . After the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Changchun

3772-639: The city was captured by the Soviet Red Army and renamed Changchun. The Russians maintained a presence in the city during the Soviet occupation of Manchuria until 1946. National Revolutionary Army forces under Zheng Dongguo occupied the city in 1946, but were unable to hold the countryside against Lin Biao 's People's Liberation Army forces during the Chinese Civil War . The city fell to

3854-544: The control of State Council of Manchukuo was established to take complete responsibility of the formulation and the implementation of the plan. Kuniaki Koiso , the Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army , and Yasuji Okamura , the Vice Chief-of-Staff, finalized the plan of a 200 km (77 sq mi) construction area. The Metropolitan Plan of Great Hsinking was influenced by the renovation plan of Paris in

3936-638: The end of the 18th century peasants from overpopulated provinces such as Shandong and Hebei began to settle in the region. In 1889, the village was promoted into a city known as "Changchun Fu". In May 1898, Changchun got its first railway station, located in Kuancheng , part of the railway from Harbin to Lüshun (the southern branch of the Chinese Eastern Railway ), constructed by the Russian Empire . After Russia's loss of

4018-403: The energy industry. Changchun is the largest automobile manufacturing, research and development centre in China, producing 9 percent of the country's automobiles in 2009. Changchun is home to China's biggest vehicle producer FAW ( First Automotive Works ) Group, which manufactured the first Chinese truck in 1956 and car in 1958. The automaker's factories and associated housing and services occupy

4100-450: The ethnic makeup of Changchun is predominantly Han nationality (96.57 percent), with several other minority nationalities . The most commonly spoken dialect in Changchun is the Northeastern Mandarin, which is originated from the mix of several languages spoken by immigrants from Hebei and Shandong . Then, after the PRC was established, the rapid economic growth in Changchun attracted a huge number of immigrants from various places, so

4182-441: The first five-year plan ), and produced its first product, the Jiefang CA-10 truck (based on the Soviet ZIS-150 ) in 1956. Soviet Russia lent assistance during these early years providing technical support, tooling, and production machinery. Before the first factory opened, 39 Chinese FAW employees traveled to the Stalin Truck Factory for instruction in truck production. Operations were conducted under Soviet direction, and

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4264-420: The grand square of the new railway station. The two helped form two intersections with the gridded prototypes, which led to two circles of South and West. The two sub-civic centres served as axes on which eight radial roads were blazed that took the shape of a sectoral structure. At that time, the radial circles and the design concept of urban roads were quite advanced and scientific. It activated to great extent

4346-424: The invasion and occupation of China, Japan initiated the planning programme of the SMRAA, which embodied distinctive colonial characteristics. The guiding ideology of the overall design was to build a high standard colonial city with sophisticated facilities, multiple functions and a large scale. Accordingly, nearly ¥7 million on average was allocated on a year-by-year basis for urban planning and construction during

4428-417: The land on which the Changchun Railway Station was to be constructed as the centre of the South Manchuria Railway Affiliated Areas (SMRAA). In order to turn Changchun into the centre for extracting the agricultural and mineral resources of Manchuria, Japan developed a blueprint for Changchun and invested heavily in the construction of the city. At the beginning of 1907, as the prelude to, and preparation for,

4510-402: The meantime, a comprehensive system of judiciary and military police was established which was totally independent of China. That accounted for the widespread nature of military facilities within the urban construction area of 3.967 km (1.532 sq mi), such as the railway garrison, the gendarmerie and the police department, with its 18 local police stations. Perceiving Changchun as

4592-552: The nation's first domestically produced passenger car, the Hongqi, in 1958. As a state-owned enterprise of China, FAW Group is controlled and managed by SASAC , which under Chinese law performs the functions of an investor. The company has three publicly traded subsidiaries: FAW Jiefang Group Co., Ltd. ( SZSE : 000800 ), Changchun FAWAY Automobile Components Co., Ltd. ( SSE : 600742 ) and Qiming INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Co., Ltd. ( SZSE : 002232 ). First Automotive Works broke ground on its first factory in 1953 (the first year of

4674-717: The northeastern dialect spoken in urban areas of Changchun is closer to the Mandarin Chinese than the in rural areas because the immigrants had a great impact on the northeastern dialect spoken in urban areas. Changchun has four major religions: Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, and Islam. There are 396 government-approved places for religious activities and worship services. The temples in Changchun include Changchun Wanshou Temple, Baoguo Prajna Temple, Baiguo Xinglong Temple, Pumen Temple, Big Buddha Temple, Changchun Temple, Changchun Catholic Church , Changchun West Wuma Road Christian Church , and Changchun City Mosque. Shamanism had been circulated in Northeast China during ancient times and

4756-534: The period 1907 to 1931. The comprehensive plan was to ensure the comfort required by Japanese employees on Manchurian Railways, build up Changchun into a base for Japanese control of the whole Manchuria in order to provide an effective counterweight to Russia in this area of China. The city's role as a rail hub was underlined in its planning and construction, the main design concepts of which read as follows: under conventional grid pattern terms, two geoplagiotropic boulevards were newly carved eastward and westward from

4838-421: The production version. In automotive literature, the prototype is described as unattractive and coarse. In the following six months, six other prototypes were created, including two four-door convertibles, all of which differed in details from each other and from the later production version. In 1959, FAW finally began mass production of the now called Hongqi CA72 sedan, which lasted until 1965 or 1967 depending on

4920-462: The products it produces carry the Oley brand. Established in 1997, this part-owned subsidiary designs, produces, and markets medium and heavy truck bodies, wheels, and components for both FAW and other manufacturers. Established in 1965, this FAW Group subsidiary made military vehicles until partnering with FAW in the 1990s. It has since produced pickups, Jiefang trucks, and mini-vehicles (small trucks and vans that see commercial use). This factory

5002-428: The publicly traded FAW Car Co Ltd , Tianjin FAW Xiali Automobile Co Ltd, and Changchun FAWAY Automobile Components Co Ltd. The following is an incomplete list. Chengdu FAW produces Huaxi brand light and medium buses based on the Toyota Coaster . Originally the Sichuan Bus Company, it became a partially-owned subsidiary in 2002 after acquisition by FAW. Created in 1997 from the merger of Changchun Gear Factory,

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5084-490: The serious urban landscapes as well as clearly identifying the traditional gridded pattern. With the new Changchun railway station as its centre, the urban plan divided the SMRAA into various specified areas: residential quarters 15%, commerce 33%, grain depot 19%, factories 12%, public entertainment 9%, and administrative organs (including a Japanese garrison) 12%. Each block provided the railway station with supporting and systematic services dependent on its own functions. In

5166-428: The shares in FAW Haima, while Hainan Holdings hold 49% of the shares. As of 2024, many other brands have been liquidated, leaving only Hongqi and Bestune as passenger car brands. FAW sold products under at least ten different brands including its own, but most of its brands has been discontinued or consolidated into Hongqi , Jiefang and Bestune brand currently. Hongqi is a Chinese luxury car marque owned by

5248-450: The source. Despite its Mopar roots, its styling was based on the Soviet GAZ-21 Volga although Hongqi scaled up its proportions, making it reminiscent to the ZIL-111 limousine. Until 1962, the CA72 competed with the Beijing Automobile Works produced sedan Beijing CB4 , which looked more modern (although also based on an American full-size sedan - the CB4 was modeled after the 1950s Buick Special ), but ultimately could not prevail. Unlike

5330-445: The southernmost section of this branch as a result of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, the Kuancheng station (Kuanchengtze, in contemporary spelling) became the last Russian station on this branch. The next station just a short distance to the south—the new "Japanese" Changchun station—became the first station of the South Manchuria Railway , which now owned all the tracks running farther south, to Lüshun , which they re-gauged to

5412-409: The sunny, southern vacation spot of Hainan island and built in 1958, Hainan Island Test Grounds is an auto testing site that includes a test track. FAW Hainan Automobile Co Ltd operates FAW's southernmost production facility here. Changchun Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin Province in China. Lying in the center of the Songliao Plain , Changchun is administered as

5494-665: The tertiary industry output increased 12.6 percent to RMB135.64 billion. The GDP per capita of Changchun was ¥ 58,691 in 2012, which equates to $ 9338. The GDP of Changchun in 2012 was RMB445.66 billion and increased 12.0 percent compared with 2011. The primary industry grew 4.3 percent to RMB31.71 billion. Secondary industry increased by RMB229.19 billion, which is a rise of 13.1 percent year on year. Tertiary industry of Changchun in 2012 grew 11.8 percent and increased by RMB184.76 billion. The city's leading industries are production of automobiles, agricultural product processing, biopharmaceuticals, photo electronics, construction materials, and

5576-402: The third east–westward "Europe-Asia Continental Bridge". Changchun prefecture is dotted with 222 rivers and lakes. The Yitong River, a small tributary of the Songhua River, runs through the city proper. Changchun has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate ( Köppen Dwa ). Winters are long (lasting from November to March), cold, and windy, but dry, due to the influence of

5658-414: The top politicians. The initiative for this was said to have come from the party leader Mao Zedong himself, who had expressed the wish in 1955, at the Chinese Communist Party congress, to replace Soviet limousines driving in with a car from national production. In August 1958, the first prototype of a saloon was completed. FAW gave the car the model name Hongqi , referring to the revolutionary symbol of

5740-426: The traditionally favoured choice for ranking Chinese state officials. The First Automotive Works "winged 1" badge is derived from the Chinese 一汽 ("一" meaning "one" and "汽", from "汽车" meaning "automotive") and depicts a hawk spreading its wings, 一 (1). The logo was introduced in 1964. During the Third Front campaign to develop strategic industries in China's rugged interior to prepare for potential invasion from

5822-463: The transfer and assignment to the Empire of Japan in 1906 the railway between Changchun and Port Arthur, and all its branches. Having realized the strategic importance of Changchun's location with respect to Japan, China and Russia, the Japanese Government sent a group of planners and engineers to Changchun to determine the best site for a new railway station. Without the consent of the Chinese Government, Japan purchased or seized from local farmers

5904-492: The urban area to 160 km (62 sq mi). The new plan also focused on the construction of satellite towns around the city with a planning of 200 m (2,200 sq ft) land per capita. Because the effects of war, the Metropolitan Plan of Great Hsinking remained unfinished. By 1944, the built up urban area of Hsinking reached 80 km (31 sq mi), while the area used for greening reached 70.7 km (27.3 sq mi). As Hsinking's city orientation

5986-550: The vehicles in this period differed far more from Western vehicles in looks than technology, where foreign platforms were often taken and completely duplicated. One of the first cars was the FAW-developed middle-class sedan Dongfeng CA71 , which was basically a replica of the French Simca Vedette with a Mercedes-Benz 6 cylinder engine. During this time, FAW also began to develop representative vehicles for

6068-400: The western industrialized countries. The effects of this initiative were also felt in the automotive sector. From 1958, several Chinese plants began constructing passenger cars for civilian use: however, because China did not have a homegrown auto industry, most of the new automotive development was based on Western models, imported in small numbers: while outright copying was prohibited, most of

6150-684: Was a well-planned city with broad avenues and modern public works. The city underwent rapid expansion in both its economy and infrastructure. Many of buildings built during the Japanese colonial era still stand today, including those of the Eight Major Bureaus of Manchukuo (Chinese: 八大部 ; pinyin: Bādà bù ) as well as the Headquarters of the Japanese Kwantung Army . Hsinking was the only Direct-controlled municipality ( 特别市 ) in Manchukuo after Harbin

6232-484: Was believed by many Manchus. Now the shamanism and the study of it have become an important cultural heritage of the region. Jilin Provincial Museum , a national first-grade museum , is located in Changchun. The museum was moved to Changchun from Jilin City after the transfer of the provincial government seat. It was originally located in the centre of the old town, but, after nine years of construction,

6314-431: Was established as the provincial capital of Jilin in 1954. Known locally as China's "City of Automobiles", Changchun is an important industrial base with a particular focus on the automotive sector. Because of its key role in the domestic automobile industry, Changchun was sometimes referred to as the " Detroit of China." Apart from this industrial aspect, Changchun is also one of four "National Garden Cities" awarded by

6396-490: Was included in the FAW-GM Light Duty Commercial Vehicle joint venture. Founded in 1980, this company became a wholly owned subsidiary of FAW Group in either 1987 or March 1991. It manufactures compact trucks and buses originally based on Suzukis. More recently, Jilin participated in a five-year-long joint venture with Daihatsu . As of 2012, this company has two factories and some of

6478-611: Was included in the FAW-GM Light Duty Commercial Vehicle joint venture. FAW has production bases located in 14 provinces throughout China including the provinces of Guangdong , Hainan , Heilongjiang , Jilin , Liaoning , Shandong , Sichuan , and Yunnan . Non-provincial locales include Pudong and Tianjin . FAW headquarters are located in Changchun , Jilin province , and operations here include an R&D and test center. Additionally, FAW has two production bases here—one produces for

6560-474: Was incorporated into the jurisdiction of Binjiang Province . In March 1932, the Inspection Division of South Manchuria Railway started to draw up the Metropolitan Plan of Great Hsinking (simplified Chinese: 大新京都市计画 ; traditional Chinese: 大新京都市計畫 ; pinyin: Dà xīn jīngdū shì jìhuà ). The Bureau of capital construction ( 国都建设局 ; 國都建設局 ; Guódū jiànshè jú ) which was directly under

6642-444: Was involved in research of animal vaccines to protect Japanese resources, and, especially, biological-warfare. Diseases were tested for use against Soviet and Chinese horses and other livestock . In addition to these tests, Unit 100 ran a bacteria factory to produce the pathogens needed by other units. Biological sabotage testing was also handled at this facility: everything from poisons to chemical crop destruction. On 20 August 1945

6724-508: Was the administrative center and military commanding center, land for military use exceeded the originally planned figure of 9 percent, while only light manufacturing including packing industry, cigarette industry and paper-making had been developed during this period. Japanese force also controlled Hsinking's police system, instead of Manchukuo government. Major officers of Hsinking police were all ethnic Japanese. The population of Hsinking also experienced rapid growth after being established as

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