The Red River , or sometimes the Red River of the South to differentiate it from the Red River in the north of the continent, is a major river in the Southern United States . It was named for its reddish water color from passing through red-bed country in its watershed . It is known as the Red River of the South to distinguish it from the Red River of the North , which flows between Minnesota and North Dakota into the Canadian province of Manitoba . Although once a tributary of the Mississippi River , the Red River is now a tributary of the Atchafalaya River , a distributary of the Mississippi that flows separately into the Gulf of Mexico. This confluence is connected to the Mississippi River by the Old River Control Structure .
47-624: Honey Grove is a city in Fannin County, Texas , United States. Honey Grove bills itself as "The Sweetest Town in Texas". The population was 1,715 at the 2020 census , up from 1,668 at the 2010 census. Honey Grove is in central North Texas , in eastern Fannin County, 16 miles (26 km) east of Bonham , the county seat , 39 miles (63 km) north of Greenville , 42 miles (68 km) east of Sherman , and 90 miles (140 km) northeast of
94-557: A family was $ 42,193. Males had a median income of $ 31,140 versus $ 23,101 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 16,066. About 9.90% of families and 13.90% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.70% of those under age 18 and 16.50% of those age 65 or over. These school districts serve Fannin County: Additionally, nearby Grayson College , Paris Junior College , and Texas A&M University–Commerce provide post-secondary education in
141-855: A greater water flow. The southern fork is generally considered the main stem of the Red River and about 120 miles (190 km) long. It is formed in Randall County, Texas , near the county seat of Canyon , by the confluence of Tierra Blanca Creek and intermittent Palo Duro Creek (not to be confused with another Palo Duro Creek 75 miles to the north, which drains into the North Canadian River ). It turns and flows southeast through Palo Duro Canyon in Palo Duro Canyon State Park at an elevation of 3,440 feet (1,050 m), and past Newlin, Texas , to cross
188-454: A new free bridge crossing the Red River. A joint project to build a free bridge between Durant, Oklahoma and Denison, Texas turned into a major dispute when the Governor of Texas blocked traffic from entering his state on the new bridge. The Red River Bridge Company of Texas owned the original toll bridge and had a dispute over its purchase deal. Oklahoma Governor William H. Murray sent
235-474: A short border between Texas and Arkansas before entering Arkansas. It forms much of the eastern border of Miller County, Arkansas , turning south near Fulton and flowing into Louisiana , where it feeds the Atchafalaya River. The total length of the river is 1,360 miles (2,190 km), with a mean flow of over 57,000 cubic feet per second (1,600 m /s) at the mouth. The Red River begins at
282-772: A steamboat, the Enterprise , up the Red River. Fulton and Livingston, who claimed the exclusive right to navigate Louisiana waters by steamboat, sued Shreve in the District Court of New Orleans. The judge ruled that the monopoly claimed by the plaintiffs was illegal. That decision, along with a similar outcome in Gibbons v. Ogden , freed navigation on every river, lake or harbor in the United States from interference by monopolies. When John Quincy Adams became Secretary of State in 1817, one of his highest priorities
329-706: Is Bonham . The county was named for James Fannin , who commanded the group of Texans killed in the Goliad Massacre during the Texas Revolution . James Bonham (the county seat's namesake) sought Fannin's assistance for the Battle of the Alamo , but Fannin was unable to provide it. The county was created in 1837 and organized the next year. Fannin County is a part of the Texoma region. According to
376-493: Is 43.99 inches (1,117 mm). It is also a part of the Texoma region. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 3.0 square miles (7.8 km), of which 3.0 square miles (7.7 km) are land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km), or 1.40%, is covered by water. As of the 2020 United States census , there were 1,715 people, 798 households, and 496 families residing in
423-534: Is a type A, general law municipality whose government consists of a mayor and five aldermen. The mayor presides over council meetings, is signatory for the city, and is recognized as the ceremonial and governmental head of the city for most purposes. The city of Honey Grove is served by the Honey Grove Independent School District . In 2009, the district built a new high school, track, and gymnasium. The climate in this area
470-523: Is characterized by flat, fertile agricultural land, with only a few major cities. The drainage basin of the Red River is very arid and receives little precipitation . As a result, much of the river above the Texas–Oklahoma border is intermittent, and until the river is past its great bend south in Arkansas, the flow varies widely. Most of the agriculture in the basin is sustained by groundwater , which
517-464: Is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification , Honey Grove has a humid subtropical climate , Cfa on climate maps. Fannin County, Texas Fannin County is a county in the far northeast of the U.S. state of Texas , on the border with Oklahoma . As of the 2020 census , its population was 35,662. The county seat
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#1732787154557564-521: Is recharged with rainfall and riverflow. The lower course of the river flows through a series of marshes and swamps , where its flow is dramatically moderated. Native American cultures along the river were diverse, developing specialized adaptations to the many different environments. Starting near the headwaters, the Plains division of the Lipan Apache dominated the western Red River area until
611-676: The Blue River , as well as the Ouachita River (also known as the Black River at that point) not far (at Acme, Louisiana ) from the mouth. The Red River is salty through tributaries above Lake Texoma . The saltiness is caused by a natural phenomenon that dates back to ancient times. About 250 million years ago, an inland sea blanketed parts of what is now those states. As time passed, that sea evaporated, leaving salt deposits – mostly sodium chloride. Rock and silt eventually buried
658-466: The Red River , camping at a site half a mile northeast of today's park, where he found wild bees and honey in hollow trees, and called the campsite a "honey grove". He is said to have told friends he would settle here later, but he died a few weeks later in the cause of Texan liberty, at the Alamo . In 2007, Honey Grove was also a temporary filming location for an episode of One Tree Hill , in which
705-669: The Rio Grande , and was sent home by the Spanish authorities. A more successful exploration of the river's upper reaches to both its sources came with the 1852 expedition under Capt. Randolph Barnes Marcy , assisted by Brevet Capt. George B. McClellan . (A decade later McClellan became an important general in the American Civil War .) In April 1815, Captain Henry Miller Shreve was the first person to bring
752-555: The Texas Army at San Antonio in 1836. Crockett sent many letters back to Tennessee , telling of an area with an abundance of honey-filled trees, hence the town's name. In 1837, Samuel Erwin became the first settler of the place. B. S. Walcott contributed much to the town's development, by planning the city's landscape and later on by selling building lots. In 1873, Honey Grove was officially established. Samuel Erwin and Davy Crockett, old friends from Kentucky , were instrumental in
799-403: The U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 899 square miles (2,330 km ), of which 891 square miles (2,310 km ) are land and 8.0 square miles (21 km ) (0.9%) are covered by water. It is drained by Bois D'Arc Creek and Sulphur River . As of the census of 2000, 31,242 people, 11,105 households, and 7,984 were families residing in the county. The population density
846-602: The Wichita River about 25 miles northeast of the city of Wichita Falls . Near Denison , the river exits the eastern end of Lake Texoma , a reservoir formed by the Denison Dam . The lake is also fed by the Washita River from the north. Beyond the dam it runs generally east towards Arkansas and receives Oklahoma's Muddy Boggy Creek on the left bank before turning southward near Texarkana . Soon after,
893-407: The 11,105 households, 31.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.90% were married couples living together, 10.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.10% were not families. About 25.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51, and the average family size
940-474: The 18th century, when they were displaced by invading Comanche from the north. The middle part of the Red River was dominated by the Wichita and Tonkawa . This area was prairie , where Native Americans constructed portable and temporary tepees for housing. They practiced limited farming and followed game in seasonal, nomadic hunting cycles. By the time of European contact, the eastern Piney Woods of
987-749: The Mississippi River. Its waters eventually become a tributary of the Atchafalaya River and flow generally southward into the Gulf of Mexico . Tributaries include the Little Red River , Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River , Salt Fork Red River , North Fork Red River , Cross Bayou , Pease River , Washita River , Kiamichi River , Wichita River , Little Wichita River , Little River , Sulphur River , Bayou Brevelle , Loggy Bayou (through Lake Bistineau and Dorcheat Bayou ),
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#17327871545571034-700: The Missouri, the most interesting water of the Mississippi", in a letter to explorer William Dunbar . Having threaded the maze of bayous at the river's confluence, and the " Great Raft " of lodged driftwood, the expedition was stopped by the Spanish near present-day New Boston, Texas . In 1806, Lieutenant Zebulon Pike , under orders to ascertain the source of the Red River, ascended the Arkansas River , made his way downstream on what turned out to be
1081-499: The Oklahoma National Guard to reopen the bridge that July. Texas had to retreat when lawyers determined that Oklahoma had jurisdiction over both banks of the river. In June 2015, the Red River flooded parts of northeast Texas, southwest Arkansas, southeast Oklahoma and Louisiana, from Denison Dam , to just south of Alexandria, Louisiana . The river reached its highest level in over 70 years, cresting in most of
1128-667: The Oklahoma state line. About 2 miles south of Elmer, Oklahoma , the Salt Fork of the Red River joins from the north. These combined waters receive the North Fork Red River from the north about 10 mi (16 km) west-southwest of Frederick, Oklahoma to form the Red River proper. The combined river proceeds to follow a winding course east through one of the most arid parts of the Great Plains , receiving
1175-689: The Prairie Dog Town Fork. Originally called Greer County, Texas , the US Supreme Court ruled that it belonged to the United States, which at the time oversaw the Oklahoma Territory . That territory was later incorporated into the state of Oklahoma , whose southern border follows the south fork. Today, the southern Prairie Dog Town Fork is considered the main fork, though the North Fork is as long and normally has
1222-777: The South The south bank of the Red River formed part of the US–Mexico border from the Adams–Onís Treaty (in force 1821) until the Texas Annexation and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo . The Red River is the second-largest river basin in the southern Great Plains . It rises in two branches in the Texas Panhandle and flows east, where it serves as the border between the states of Texas and Oklahoma . It forms
1269-619: The United States Congress consented in October 2000 to the Red River Boundary Compact adopted in 1999 by the states of Oklahoma and Texas . This set the jurisdictional boundary between these states at the vegetation line on the south bank, but left title of adjacent property owners at the south bank. (The Red River actively meanders, as shown by a comparison of maps of the political boundaries defined by
1316-535: The area of present-day Natchitoches Parish was settled by French Creole and mixed-race Louisiana Creole people , starting before 1800. The Cane River National Heritage Area is recognized to mark this area of influence, with plantations and churches founded by Louisiana Creoles. Some of the sites are designated as destinations on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail , established from 2008 onwards. The area along
1363-733: The area. Once a Democratic stronghold for decades (in large part as it was the home of longtime United States Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn ), Fannin County has shifted heavily toward the Republican Party since the 1990s. As a sign of this trend, Republican candidates for president have won an ever-increasing share of the vote in each of the seven presidential elections, starting in 1996. [REDACTED] Media related to Fannin County, Texas at Wikimedia Commons 33°35′N 96°07′W / 33.59°N 96.11°W / 33.59; -96.11 Red River of
1410-402: The average family size was 3.04. In the city, the population was distributed as 25.3% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.5 males. The median income for a household in
1457-514: The central business district of Dallas . Honey Grove was developed on flat to gently rolling terrain with scattered trees. The city is at an elevation ranging from about 580 to 690 feet (180 to 210 m) above sea level. U.S. Highway 82 and State Highway 56 traverse the city from east to west, and State Roads 34, 100, and 824 run north and south. Bonham is the closest major economic center. Its climate produces an annual average daily maximum temperature of 75.1 °F, and an average annual rainfall
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1504-415: The city was $ 28,859, and for a family was $ 37,266. Males had a median income of $ 27,560 versus $ 22,050 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 14,701. About 12.4% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.3% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over. David Crockett discovered the area of Honey Grove when he camped there on his way to join
1551-485: The city. As of the census of 2000, 1,746 people, 693 households, and 451 families were residing in the city. The population density was 661.5 inhabitants per square mile (255.4/km). The 814 housing units averaged 308.4/sq mi (119.0/km). The racial makeup of the city was 78.87% White, 16.32% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 2.58% from other races, and 1.43% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 5.90% of
1598-455: The deposits, but the salt continues to leach through natural seeps in tributaries above Lake Texoma, sending as much as 3,450 tons of salt per day flowing down the Red River. The Red River's watershed covers 65,590 square miles (169,900 km ) and is the southernmost major river system in the Great Plains . Its drainage basin is mostly in the states of Texas and Oklahoma, but also covers parts of New Mexico, Arkansas and Louisiana. Its basin
1645-529: The founding of Honey Grove. Samuel Augustus Erwin has a large gravestone marker in Honey Grove, stating: " Virginia -born Samuel Erwin was married in 1819 in Tennessee to Sally Rodgers Crisp (1795–1860), in a ceremony performed by local magistrate David Crockett. First settler in the Honey Grove area, Erwin arrived here in 1837 and surveyed land grants for other pioneers. A surveyor by profession, he platted
1692-661: The junction of Buck Creek and Prairie Dog Town Fork , in Harmon County, Oklahoma . Specialists have debated whether the North Fork or the Prairie Dog Town Fork is the true stem. Because of a cartographic error, the land between the north and south forks were claimed by both the state of Texas and the United States federal government . In 1852, Randolph B. Marcy 's expedition had followed
1739-468: The local high school won a contest the CW and Sunkist promoted. Fans submitted videos in hopes their town would be selected. Mark Schwahn, the creator of One Tree Hill , ultimately chose Honey Grove High School as the winner. The cast from One Tree Hill , who filmed with Honey Grove High School, included Chad Michael Murray , Sophia Bush , Hilarie Burton , James Lafferty , and Bethany Joy Lenz . Honey Grove
1786-542: The lower Red River of Grant Parish, Louisiana and neighboring parishes had a mixture of hill-country farms and cotton plantations. In the early 19th century, settlers found that much of the river's length in Louisiana was unnavigable because of a collection of fallen trees that formed a Great Raft over 160 miles (260 km) long. In 1839, Captain Henry Miller Shreve began clearing the log jam, but it
1833-558: The lower river courses were dominated by the numerous historic tribes of the Caddo Confederacy . They found plentiful game and fish, and also had good land for cultivating staple crops. In 1806, President Thomas Jefferson commissioned the Red River Expedition to explore parts of the new lands of the 1803 Louisiana Purchase by traveling up the Red River. Jefferson wrote that the river was "in truth, next to
1880-400: The population. Of the 693 households, 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were not families. About 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and
1927-575: The river's course decades ago and currently.) The Red River Campaign (March–May 1864) was fought along the Red River Valley in Louisiana during the American Civil War . It was part of a failed attempt by the Union to occupy eastern Texas. Confederate commander Richard Taylor succeeded in repelling an army under Nathaniel Banks that was three times bigger than his own. In Louisiana,
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1974-535: The town site for his friend B.S. Wolcott in 1848. He was the town's first postmaster and one of Fannin County's earliest Justices of the Peace." The Crockett Park Monument, in the same area, indicates that Honey Grove was named by Crockett, but he died before it could become a town. It states that one of his old friends, Sam Erwin, became the founder of the settlement. The monument reads in part that Crockett traveled by riverboat, horseback, and on foot, entering Texas along
2021-479: The waterway crosses south into Louisiana . The sister cities of Shreveport and Bossier City were developed on either bank of the river, as were the downriver cities of Alexandria and Pineville . After being joined from the north by the Black River (downstream name of the Ouachita River , its largest tributary) about 1.5 miles south of Acme , the river broadens into a complex network of marshlands west of
2068-411: Was 2.99. In the county, the population was distributed as 23.20% under the age of 18, 8.90% from 18 to 24, 28.60% from 25 to 44, 23.20% from 45 to 64, and 16.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.90 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 34,501, and for
2115-496: Was 35 people per square mile (14 people/km ). The 12,887 housing units averaged 14 units per square mile (5.4/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 86.56% White, 7.96% African American, 0.92% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 2.81% from other races, and 1.49% from two or more races. About 5.61% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of 2015, the largest self-reported ancestry groups were 48.50% English , 16.10% Welsh , 11.00% German , and 7.25% Irish . Of
2162-483: Was not completely cleared until the 1870s, when dynamite became available. The river was thereafter navigable, but north of Natchitoches it was restricted to small craft. Removal of the raft further connected the Red and Atchafalaya rivers, accelerating the development of the Atchafalaya River channel. The Red River Bridge War of 1931 was a boundary conflict between Oklahoma and Texas over an existing toll bridge and
2209-853: Was to negotiate with Spain about the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase. He negotiated with Luis de Onís , the Spanish Minister to the United States, and finally concluded the Adams–Onis Treaty , also known as the Treaty of 1819. The treaty defined the south bank of the river as the boundary between the United States and Spain, as of when it was surveyed and demarcated following 1819. That boundary continued to be recognized when Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1821, and ongoingly when Texas became independent from Mexico in 1835–1836. It remained an official boundary until
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