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32-481: Honker or Honkers can refer to: Anatomical features [ edit ] A nose Breasts The arts [ edit ] Honkers ( Sesame Street ) , characters in the children's show Canada goose , sometimes referred to by the slang term "honker" Engineering and technology [ edit ] Tarpan Honker , a Polish all-terrain vehicle Vehicle horn Groups [ edit ] Honker Union ,
64-455: A nasal cavity inside the head, and an external nose on the face. The external nose houses the nostrils , or nares, a pair of tubes providing airflow through the nose for respiration . Where the nostrils pass through the nasal cavity they widen, are known as nasal fossae, and contain turbinates and olfactory mucosa . The nasal cavity also connects to the paranasal sinuses (dead-end air cavities for pressure buffering and humidification). From
96-470: A vomeronasal organ , lined by olfactory epithelium, but, unlike those of amniotes , this is generally a simple sac that, except in salamanders , has little connection with the rest of the nasal system. In reptiles , the nasal chamber is generally larger, with the choanae located much further back in the roof of the mouth. In crocodilians , the chamber is exceptionally long, helping the animal to breathe while partially submerged. The reptilian nasal chamber
128-524: A Chinese activist group Rochester Honkers , an amateur baseball team in Minnesota, US Locations [ edit ] Hong Kong , sometimes referred to by the Australian or Oxford slang term "Honkers" Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Honker . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
160-456: A kind of filter against airborne illness. In addition to acting as a filter, mucus produced within the nose supplements the body's effort to maintain temperature, as well as contributes moisture to integral components of the respiratory system. Capillary structures of the nose warm and humidify air entering the body; later, this role in retaining moisture enables conditions for alveoli to properly exchange O 2 for CO 2 (i.e., respiration) within
192-418: A long, muscular, manipulative organ called the trunk . The vomeronasal organ of mammals is generally similar to that of reptiles. In most species, it is located in the floor of the nasal cavity, and opens into the mouth via two nasopalatine ducts running through the palate, but it opens directly into the nose in many rodents . It is, however, lost in bats, and in many primates, including humans. Fish have
224-428: A notch in the upper lip, through a gap between the first incisors and premaxillae , along a "midline palatal groove" to "a canal that connects with the duct of the vomeronasal organ ," suggesting that the rhinarium belongs to the accessory system. It is unclear if moisture ( mucus ) there functions to trap odiferous molecules — or is the remnant of a fluid transmission system for pheromonal molecules. Typically,
256-400: A relatively good sense of smell. Unlike that of tetrapods , the nose has no connection with the mouth, nor any role in respiration. Instead, it generally consists of a pair of small pouches located behind the nostrils at the front or sides of the head. In many cases, each of the nostrils is divided into two by a fold of skin, allowing water to flow into the nose through one side and out through
288-416: A relatively poor sense of smell. The nasal cavity of mammals has been enlarged, in part, by the development of a palate cutting off the entire upper surface of the original oral cavity , which consequently becomes part of the nose, leaving the palate as the new roof of the mouth. The enlarged nasal cavity contains complex turbinates forming coiled scroll-like shapes that help to warm the air before it reaches
320-660: Is a general mammalian feature and therefore likely to have been present in the stem mammals . Primates are phylogenetically divided into those with a rhinarium, the Strepsirrhini (the prosimians : the lorises , and the lemurs ); and those without a rhinarium, the Haplorhini , (the Simians : monkeys , apes , and humans ). In place of the rhinarium, Haplorhini have a more mobile, continuous, dry upper lip. In an analogous usage unrelated to vertebrate morphology,
352-408: Is divided into three parts: an anterior vestibule , the main olfactory chamber, and a posterior nasopharynx . The olfactory chamber is lined by olfactory epithelium on its upper surface and possesses a number of turbinates to increase the sensory area. The vomeronasal organ is well-developed in lizards and snakes, in which it no longer connects with the nasal cavity, opening directly into the roof of
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#1732790846276384-535: The anterior part of the upper jaw of the reptilian-like ancestors ( synapsids ). Acting as the first interface between the external environment and an animal's delicate internal lungs, a nose conditions incoming air, both as a function of thermal regulation and filtration during respiration, as well as enabling the sensory perception of smell. Hair inside nostrils filter incoming air, as a first line of defense against dust particles, smoke, and other potential obstructions that would otherwise inhibit respiration, and as
416-409: The detection of a particular smell is associated with the direction it comes from. The rhinarium is adapted for different purposes in different mammals, according to ecological niche . In aquatic mammals, the development of lobes beside the nostrils allows them to close for diving. In mammals that dig or root with their noses, the rhinarium often develops into a resilient pad, with the nostrils off to
448-475: The fields of mammalian evolution and taxonomy. For example, primates are phylogenetically divided into those, such as lemurs, with the primitive rhinarium ( Strepsirrhini ) and the dry-nosed primates ( Haplorhini , including apes and thus humans). In an analogous way – entirely unrelated to vertebrate morphology – the term rhinarium is sometimes applied to chemosensory structures in invertebrates. For example, microscopic sensilla in
480-439: The form of flattened sense organs on the antennae of aphids are referred to as rhinaria. Morphologically , the rhinarium belongs to the olfactory system , but which part of the system it derives from is open to debate. One possibility is the main olfactory system , which captures media-borne odors; another is the "second nose," the accessory olfactory system , which samples chemicals dissolved in fluids. Arguments supporting
512-404: The former position consider the rhinarium "an outward extension of the olfactory ... skin that covers the nasal passages, [which] contains nerve receptors for smell and touch." If that interpretation is correct, and the rhinarium is an extension of the olfactory epithelium lining the nasal passages, then it derives from the main system. But one opposing view traces a path from the philtrum over
544-498: The lack of an obvious rhinarium in Tarsiiformes has been interpreted by some scholars as the consequence of the enormous development of the eyeballs, rather than a loss of relevance of olfaction , but the significance is currently debatable, because there currently is an influential body of opinion favouring inclusion of the tarsiers in the Haplorhini rather than in the Strepsirrhini as had been traditional. The rhinarium
576-442: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honker&oldid=1225650915 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Nose A nose is a sensory organ and respiratory structure in vertebrates . It consists of
608-413: The loss of the rhinarium in the haplorrhine primates is related to their decreased reliance on olfaction, being associated with other derived characteristics such as a reduced number of turbinates . The rhinarium is also very useful to animals with good sense of smell because of its role as a wind-direction detector. The cold receptors in the skin respond to the place where evaporation is the highest. Thus
640-416: The lungs. During exhalation, the capillaries then aid recovery of some moisture, mostly as a function of thermal regulation, again. The wet nose of dogs is useful for the perception of direction. The sensitive cold receptors in the skin detect the place where the nose is cooled the most and this is the direction a particular smell that the animal just picked up comes from. In amphibians and lungfish ,
672-431: The lungs. The cavity also extends into neighbouring skull bones, forming additional air cavities known as paranasal sinuses . In cetaceans , the nose has been reduced to one or two blowholes , which are the nostrils that have migrated to the top of the head. This adaptation gave cetaceans a more streamlined body shape and the ability to breathe while mostly submerged. Conversely, the elephant 's nose has elaborated into
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#1732790846276704-473: The mouth. It is smaller in turtles, in which it retains its original nasal connection, and is absent in adult crocodilians. Birds have a similar nose to reptiles, with the nostrils located at the upper rear part of the beak . Since they generally have a poor sense of smell, the olfactory chamber is small, although it does contain three turbinates, which sometimes have a complex structure similar to that of mammals . In many birds, including doves and fowls ,
736-471: The nasal cavity, the nostrils continue into the pharynx , a switch track valve connecting the respiratory and digestive systems . In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face and serves as an alternative respiratory passage especially during suckling for infants . The protruding nose that is completely separate from the mouth part is a characteristic found only in therian mammals . It has been theorized that this unique mammalian nose evolved from
768-419: The nasal passage was connected to the hypophysis . The same anatomy is observed in the most primitive living vertebrates, the lampreys and hagfish . In gnathostome ancestors, the olfactory apparatus gradually became paired (presumably to allow sense of direction of smells), and freeing the midline from the nasal passage allowed evolution of jaws. Rhinarium The rhinarium ( Neo-Latin , "belonging to
800-433: The nose"; pl. : rhinaria ) is the furless skin surface surrounding the external openings of the nostrils in many mammals . Commonly it is referred to as the tip of the snout , and breeders of cats and dogs sometimes use the term nose leather . Informally, it may be called a "truffle", "wet snout," or "wet nose” because its surface is moist in some species : for example, healthy dogs and cats . In many species,
832-470: The nostrils are covered by a horny protective shield. The vomeronasal organ of birds is either under-developed or altogether absent, depending on the species. The nasal cavities in mammals are both fused into one. Among most species, they are exceptionally large, typically occupying up to half the length of the skull. In some groups, however, including primates , bats , and cetaceans , the nose has been secondarily reduced, and these animals consequently have
864-446: The nostrils open into small sacs that, in turn, open into the forward roof of the mouth through the choanae . These sacs contain a small amount of olfactory epithelium, which, in the case of caecilians , also lines a number of neighbouring tentacles. Despite the general similarity in structure to those of amphibians, the nostrils of lungfish are not used in respiration, since these animals breathe through their mouths. Amphibians also have
896-403: The other. The pouches are lined by olfactory epithelium, and commonly include a series of internal folds to increase the surface area, often forming an elaborate "olfactory rosette". In some teleosts , the pouches branch off into additional sinus-like cavities, while in coelacanths , they form a series of tubes. In the earliest vertebrates, there was only one nostril and olfactory pouch, and
928-459: The philtrum to the VNO via the nasopalatine ducts that travel through the incisive foramen of the hard palate . It also acts as a wind-direction detector: cold receptors in the skin of the rhinarium detect the orientation where evaporative cooling is highest, as determined by the wind direction. The study of the rhinarium's structure and associated functions has proven of considerable importance in
960-444: The rhinarium has a mid-line groove (cleft) – the philtrum – and a wrinkled ( crenellated ) surface. The rhinarium is a separate sense organ : it is a touch-based chemosensory organ that connects with a well-developed vomeronasal organ (VNO). The rhinarium is used to touch a scent -marked object containing pheromones (usually large, non-volatile molecules), and transfer these pheromone molecules down
992-422: The rhinarium is crenellated (wrinkled, crackled, or embossed), which may, in theory, increase its sensory area, but there are many exceptions and variations among different mammalian taxa , and also variations in the innervation and sensilla of the rhinarium, so such generalized speculation should be treated with caution regarding this matter. Mammals with rhinaria tend to have a more acute sense of smell , and
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1024-611: The side (or below) and capable of closing to keep out dust. Examples include the common wombat , marsupial mole , and members of the Chrysochloridae . In elephants, the rhinarium has become a tactile organ. And in the walrus, a covering of stiff bristles protects it while the animal forages for shellfish. In many animals, the form and purpose of the rhinarium remains unclear. Evolutionary pressures also are not always unequivocally distinguishable, and there have been upheavals in late 20th and early 21st century taxonomy. For example,
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