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61-573: Archaeological surveys show that the area around Honolulu Harbor was bustling with human activity prior to 1100. The first European vessel to enter Honolulu Harbor was a long-boat from the British merchant ship King George . The boat rowed into the harbor on December 12, 1786, commanded by a Mr. Hayward and piloted by Towanooha, servant of a friendly Hawaiian priest. In 1794, Butterworth , a British ship commanded by Captain William Brown, entered

122-420: A full-rigged ship four to six times the size of the two sloops that accompanied her. The role of each of the two sloops, Jackal and Prince Lee Boo , was to act as a ship's tender , to scout ahead in shallower waters, or to go off on errands. A man named Priestly owned both sloops. Butterworth 's burthen was 390 to 400 tons. Jackall ' s burthen 86 tons; Prince Lee Boo ' s was 56 tons. ( Burthen

183-401: A lapstrake sloop with tiller steering, and a removable bowsprit and lightly stayed mast such as were commonly found on longboats and cutters intended to be carried on deck or towed astern of larger vessels. She "showed a tier of ports fore and aft. The greatest part of them were false or only painted, yet they made such a good appearance that for some time we concluded she was a King's cutter or

244-537: A whaler in the Greenland whale fisheries. New owners purchased her in 1789. She underwent a great repair in 1791 that increased her size by almost 20%. She is most famous for her role in the "Butterworth Squadron", which took her and two ship's tenders on an exploration, sealing, otter fur, and whaling voyage to Alaska and the Pacific Coast of North America. She and her consorts are widely credited with being

305-647: A whaler . Her master was Captain William Brown, "an able and expert seaman, regularly brought up in the whale fishery." Brown and Butterworth were Greenland whalers. Brown was highly respected in his field and was consulted by a Fellow of the Royal Society concerning the possibility of approaching the North Pole. Jackal (sometimes spelled "Jackall" or "Jack Hall"), had been launched in America in 1782. The one contemporary picture of her appears to show

366-402: A "great repair" in 1791. Alderman William Curtis , Theophilus Pritzler, and probably John Perry, a Blackwall shipbuilder, financed an expedition consisting of three vessels, Butterworth , and two smaller tenders: Jackall , Alexander Stewart (or Steward), master, and Prince Lee Boo , E. Sharp, master. Captain William Brown, master of Butterworth , commanded the expedition. The expedition

427-547: A Large Hut and left an Officer with a few Men there to kill Seals and boil Oil."[Bacstrom] Butterworth would not return for these men until the end of 1793 when Butterworth was "dispatched towards England with directions to fish for whales and seals in passing through the Pacific Ocean, and at Staten Island where Mr. Brown had formed a temporary establishment." From Cape Horn the Butterworth squadron sailed to

488-757: A former French 30-gun frigate. The tern " frigate " was often used loosely. Butterworth ' s previous name was American , and there was no French warship of that name that fit her description. However, there was a French privateer frigate Américaine , of Granville, that carried 32 guns and that was active between 1779 and 1780. Between 1778 and 1779 Américaine was under the command of Captain Paul Eudes de la Cocardière. Under his command she captured at least four prizes: Hunter , Sorel , Edgipezeriere , and Good Intent . He paid Américaine off on 20 May 1779. Captain François Jourdan de la Monnerie

549-565: A great quantity of salt was needed for the task, so a party of men and a boat were sent some distance to collect it. As the mates of Jackal and Prince Lee Boo told the story soon afterwards: "When the greatest part of the crew of the Jackall being on shore salting pork and the remainder part away with their boat collecting salt, except [Capt. Brown] and one man, and part of the crew of the Prince Le Boo likewise on shore on duty, that

610-483: A land claim from Kalanikupule, this would have traditionally required him to serve in time of war, and to refuse would have been considered rebellion, punishable by death. Kalanikupule then decided to kill Captain Brown and capture Jackal and Prince Lee Boo . At his general's advice, he agreed to pay the 400 hogs. On January 1, 1795, the hogs were herded down to the beach to be slaughtered and salted down in barrels. But

671-784: A letter of marque for Butterworth . He sailed from Britain on 4 October 1797 for the Pacific Ocean. By this time Mather & Co. had purchased Butterworth . She was reported to have been at the Galapagos islands in August–September 1798. She was in the Marquesas Islands in January 1799. There she gave passage to England to the missionary William Pascoe Crook . She arrived in Britain on 19 May 1799. Butterworth and New Euphrates received permission on 7 March 1800 from

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732-664: A letter of marque on 21 March 1796. He then sailed her on a whaling voyage, this one to Delagoa Bay. Lloyd's List , dated 9 December 1796, reported that a French privateer had attacked Butterworth in Delagoa Bay , but that Butterworth had repelled the attack. Butterworth put into Rio de Janeiro in March 1797, for water, refreshment, and calefaction ; she also had sick aboard. She returned to Britain on 1 June. On 16 September 1797, Captain Lawrence Frazier received

793-516: A revolt on Kauai. James Coleman, a seaman left in Ni'ihau by Captain Kendrick who had later joined Kehikili's forces, was given stewardship of the land for Capt. Brown and authority over foreign trade during Brown's absence. Although the exact date is in question, it was probably during this period of alliance with Kahekili that the Butterworth squadron became the first European vessels allowed to enter

854-674: A series of battles ashore while Captain Brown and the remaining crew defended the shoreline from the Jackal and Prince Lee Boo . On December 3, 1794, during the conflict, the American snow Lady Washington arrived in Pearl Harbor where she was "met with a very friendly reception by Capt. Brown." On December 6, a battle was fought, Kalanikupule was victorious. The accounts differ as to what next happened. According to Captain Bishop of

915-546: A tender to some man-of-war". Alexander Stewart served as master of Jackal from her departure from London in late 1791 until Captain Brown took command in late 1793. Upon the death of Capt. Brown in 1795, George Lamport took command of Jackal . Prince Lee Boo had been launched on the Thames in 1791. She was named for Prince Lee Boo , a young Palau Islander who traveled to London in 1784. Masters of Prince Lee Boo were Mr. Richard Sharp, and later Robert Gordon. Upon

976-493: Is Boudinot, her owner J. Atkinson, and her trade New York-London. In 1785 America was sold and her new owner, Butterworth, renamed her Butterworth . He then employed her as a Greenland whaler under Captain M. Pile, changing in 1786 to J. Cockburn. Ellison succeeded Cockburn. Lloyd's List reported in July 1787 that Butterworth , Ellison, master, was at Davis Strait , having taken six fish (whales). On 17 June 1788 Butterworth

1037-460: Is administered by the Hawaiʻi Department of Transportation Harbors Division. Honolulu Harbor handles over 11 million tons of cargo annually. The services that the harbor provides are crucial as Hawaiʻi imports over eighty percent of its required goods. Costs of completed projects Costs & ongoing projects Overall spending for staff Relocations of Honolulu Harbor tenants (Related to

1098-636: Is last listed in Lloyd's Register for 1794. Several of the crew of Jackal and Prince Lee Boo remained in the Pacific, notably Capt. Alexander Stewart and John Harbottle, who had both been officers in the Butterworth squadron and became prominent officers in the navy of the Kingdom of Hawaii . Stewart had left Jackal in Macao in 1793, returning to Hawai'i to marry, probably in 1795. Harbottle later sailed on

1159-538: Is notable for a violent conflict with the Tla-o-qui-aht People of Vancouver Island and another reported conflict in Formosa . Butterworth , Jackal and Prince Lee Boo are often credited with being the first European vessels to enter Honolulu Harbor . France declared war on Britain on 1 February 1793. Brown received a letter of marque on 26 June 1793, i.e., in absentia . All three vessels of

1220-567: The Marquesas Islands and on to the Vancouver Island , reaching Clayoquot Sound in late July 1792. In early August, Captain Brown claimed there was an unprovoked attack by the Tla-o-qui-aht People , killing one of his crew and seriously injuring two others, but other vessels present at the time told a different story. "The English sailors landed at a village in order to rob the natives and actually cut several skins off

1281-513: The "private man of war" Américaine on 26 January 1781. She was armed with 32 guns and carried a crew of 245. Prudente and HMS  Ambuscade brought "the American French Privateer" into Portsmouth. Ambuscade shared in the proceeds of the capture. America first appears in supplementary pages to Lloyd's Register for 1784. She is described as a ship of French origin and 330 tons (bm), launched in 1778. Her master

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1342-525: The Aloha Tower was dedicated, Honolulu was already a popular vacation destination for wealthy American and European families. They traveled on Matson steamers that docked at the Aloha Tower and were greeted by Hawaiian music , hula performers and leis . In 1982, the Hawaiʻi Maritime Center was opened near the Aloha Tower in an old royal pier to present the history of Honolulu Harbor and

1403-705: The British East India Company to sail east of the Cape of Good Hope to the Southern Whale Fishery. Butterworth left London on 18 March 1800, Henry Glasspoole (or Glaspool), master. She sailed on 27 April with a fleet of 150 sail under convoy. On 15 May she and Leviathan received the fleet commodore's permission to leave the fleet. Butterworth and Leviathan parted company on 24 May. In June Butterworth stopped at Rio de Janeiro for water, food, refreshment, and calefaction. She

1464-456: The British ship Ruby , Kalanikupule "came off and did homage to Brown as before, and at his return was saluted by one of the vessels, one of the guns happened to be shotted, which pierced the cabin of the American sloop [sic] and killed poor Kendrick at his table." According to Captain Boit of the American sloop Union , Kendrick "informed Capt. Brown that on the morrow he should cause the flag of

1525-548: The Butterworth squadron were well at Nootka in October 1793. In late 1793 Brown transferred to Jackall , Sharp transferred to Butterworth , and Robert Gordon took command of Prince Lee Boo . On 14 March 1794 Butterworth and Prince Lee Boo were well at "Mout Lerry", Nootka. HMS  Discovery and HMS  Chatham had wintered there and then sailed for the Sandwich Islands . Butterworth then sailed to

1586-606: The California coast, and from there to the Galapagos. At some point Butterworth encountered Rattler . Rattler , James Colnett, master, was on voyage of exploration to the Pacific for the whaling firm of Samuel Enderby & Sons . Jackall and Prince Lee Boo were at Hawai'i by 1 January 1795. There Brown and Gordon were killed defending their vessels from an attack by the locals. The Hawaiians captured both vessels but their crews recaptured them. George Lampert and William Bonallack replaced Brown and Gordon as captains of

1647-536: The Englishmen ;... took ample revenge. After they were out of port ... they fell in with some canoes fishing. Captain Brown got the men out of them and caused them to be whipped in a most unmerciful manner by the Sandwich Islanders he had on board. After that he threw them into the sea, and the ship Jenny  ... being astern, fired at them and ended the tragedy." One of the men killed

1708-566: The Greenland whale fishery. Sigismund Bacstrom , a naturalist who had previously sailed as a secretary to Sir Joseph Banks , was the surgeon for the expedition. Bacstrom produced a number of drawings during the first part of the voyage, some of which are still in existence. The expedition is notable for a violent conflict with the Tla-o-qui-aht people of Vancouver Island and another reported conflict in Formosa . Butterworth , Jackal and Prince Lee Boo are often credited with being

1769-635: The HMP) On September 11, 1926, after five years of construction, the Aloha Tower was officially dedicated at Pier 9 of Honolulu Harbor. The tallest building in Hawaiʻi at that time, the Aloha Tower became a guiding beacon for vessels. Just as the Statue of Liberty greeted thousands of immigrants each year to New York City , the Aloha Tower greeted thousands of immigrants to Honolulu. By the time

1830-566: The Southern Fisheries. One man was drowned, but the rest of the crew were saved and returned to Portsmouth. Butterworth (1785 ship) Butterworth was launched in 1778 in France as the highly successful 32-gun privateer Américaine , of Granville . The British Royal Navy captured her early in 1781. She first appeared in a commercial role in 1784 as America , and was renamed in 1785 as Butterworth . She served primarily as

1891-465: The United States to be hoisted and fire a federal salute, which he begged might be answered by the two Englishmen, and it was accordingly agreed to, and Capt. Brown ordered three guns to be unshotted for that purpose, and about ten the next morning the ship Jackal began to salute, but on coming to the third gun it was discovered to be primed. So the apron of the fourth firearm was taken off which

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1952-452: The appointed hour the report of a pistol from that vessel, ran from the cabin on deck, called to his men below that death or victory must issue in five minutes, and with only three of them armed, attacked twenty-three armed Indians on the quarterdeck, reserving their fire till close at hand, and then falling upon them with the butt end of their muskets, which soon broke. Of forty-two Natives whom they had counted on board before dark, they cleared

2013-464: The arms and ammunition to be loaded into the two captured vessels, along with all the captured crew, although he was advised by his general to divide them among the canoes. This proved to be a fatal mistake. According to Lamport and Bonallack who were present, on the 12th of January ... about three p.m. the chiefs ordered the vessels out of the harbor to go to the bay of Waikiki where about 4 p.m we brought up and lay till ten p.m., and having all

2074-454: The chief port of call for the trans-Pacific sandalwood, fur and whaling industries. Foreign vessels that docked at Honolulu Harbor poured vast amounts of wealth into the kingdom's coffers and provided for the well-being of native Hawaiians. The British subsequently built a fort to protect the entrance to the harbor. In 1997, the largest and most crucial of Oahu’s and the State’s commercial harbors

2135-413: The death of Robert Gordon in 1795, William Bonallack took command of Prince Lee Boo . Although Sigismund Bacstrom, in a letter to Sir Joseph Banks of Aug. 1791, claimed that the expedition was a commercial venture aimed at bringing back "valuable drugs or natural products" and quite "independent of the new fur trade between Nootka and China," there is no evidence that it was concerned with anything but

2196-464: The easy passage of trans-Pacific deepwater sailing vessels. The sediment was dumped in tidelands and marshes , forming new land. As the downtown waterfront was developed and the many high-rises along the waterfront were constructed, early artifacts such as poi pounders, fishing lures and even human remains were unearthed along the current waterfront and along the docks near the Aloha Tower adjacent to Alakea Street and Nimitz Highway. Honolulu Harbor

2257-415: The first European vessels to enter Honolulu Harbor . Jackal and Prince Lee Boo are also notable for taking part in the war between Kalanikupule and his uncle Ka'eokulani on the island of Oahu , for firing the shot that killed John Kendrick aboard Lady Washington , and for participating in an aborted attack on Kamehameha by Kalanikupule. The squadron consisted of three vessels, Butterworth ,

2318-542: The first European vessels to enter, in 1794, what is now Honolulu harbour. After her return to England in 1795, Butterworth went on three more whaling voyages to the South Pacific, then Africa, and then the South Pacific again. In 1802 she was outward bound on her fourth of these voyage, this to the South Pacific, when she was lost. Many accounts of the Butterworth Squadron refer to Butterworth as

2379-508: The harbor by "warping" in. The crew dubbed it "Brown's Harbor" to their captain's dismay. Captain Brown insisted that the harbor be called "Fair Haven", which is synonymous with the Hawaiian name Honolulu . In 1850, Kamehameha III declared Honolulu to be the official capital of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. With the proclamation came a series of investments to further develop the harbor to accommodate more vessels. Honolulu Harbor quickly became

2440-475: The inner Honolulu Harbor. By Hawaiian tradition, this contract would have ended upon Kahekili's death in 1794 Jackal and Prince Lee Boo returned to Oahu on 21 November 1794 to find a very different situation from the one they had left. On the death of Kahekili, his son Kalanikupule had succeeded him as ruler of Oahu, and Kahekili's half-brother Ka'eokulani, who had retained command of the Maui group of islands,

2501-818: The lucrative maritime fur trade and the sealery of Tierra del Fuego . In 1791 as the Butterworth expedition was being organized, Alderman Curtis was actively involved in the debate for opening the trade monopolies to Pacific Ocean trade held by the South Sea Company and the East India Company , particularly in light of the recent Nootka Convention with Spain which opened the Pacific Northwest Coast to British traders. In early 1792, Butterworth anchored in New Year's Cove on Staten Island , Tierra del Fuego , where they "built

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2562-480: The natives of the said island about ten a.m. on the 1st of January attacked the said vessel with several canoes, killed the commander William Brown and Robert Gordon and wounded several others and got possession of the vessel." Kalanikupule and his generals then determined to attack Kamehameha's forces on Hawai'i. On January 3 the captured crew was put to work preparing the vessels for sea, and on January 11 they were ready to sail for Hawai'i. Kalanikupule ordered all of

2623-487: The natives' backs. Seeing them gathering to defend themselves, the sailors fired on them, by which they said four men were killed. This was before the natives were armed, but they found their mistake as soon as Wickaninnish 's warriors turned out, who with two canoes made the whaleboats fly. Had not Captain Magee [of the ship Margaret ] fired a cannon shot between them, they would certainly have been cut off ... However,

2684-552: The people on board we both attacked the natives, wounded and drove them overboard and got possession of both vessels when we repaired to the island of Hawai'i. Another early manuscript gives more detail: The next afternoon, Mr. Bonallack, mate of the Lee Boo, coming on board the Jackal, agreed with Mr. Lamport to attempt retaking the ships at 11 o'clock that night. The Lee Boo took the lead and succeeded. Mr. Lamport, hearing before

2745-764: The relative industries it served. Falls of Clyde , a historic merchant ship, is docked at the royal pier. In 2002, the Hawaiʻi Maritime Center became an incorporated institution of the Bishop Museum . The Center closed in 2009. In 1994, the Aloha Tower Marketplace opened. The Honolulu Harbor will be served by five Skyline stations: Mokauea (Kalihi), Niuhelewai (Kapalama), Kūwili (Iwilei), Hōlau (Chinatown), and Kuloloia (Downtown) once it opens its city center phase in 2031. Butterworth Squadron The Butterworth Squadron

2806-647: The sealing party he had left there, with the seal skins they were expected to have procured. Brown then sailed in to Canton in Prince Lee Boo with all the furs collected by the three ships. According to Capt. George Vancouver, both Jackal and Prince Lee Boo made this voyage to Canton. The Butterworth squadron first wintered at the Hawaiian Islands in February 1793, when control of the Islands

2867-582: The ship Nautilus and was severely injured when the crew was attacked in Formosa, reportedly in retaliation for earlier depredations by Capt. Brown when the Butterworth squadron visited the island in 1793. Butterworth successfully returned to England on 3 February 1795, with Sharpe, master. She was carrying 85 tuns of whale oil and 17500 seal skins. She then made several more whaling voyages. Lloyd's List reported that Butterworth , Folger, master, had been lost on 13 July 1802 off St. Jago, while outbound to

2928-789: The ships in ten minutes." With Kalanikupule, his wife and four of their attendants confined in Jackal's cabin, Jackal and Prince Lee Boo sailed for Hawai'i, releasing Kalanikupule, his wife and one attendant in a canoe as they passed Diamond Head at daybreak. When they arrived at Hawai'i, Lamport and Bonallack informed John Young and Kamehameha of Kalanikupule's invasion plans, and of their intentions "to proceed immediately to China as our distressed situation will not allow us to proceed around Cape Horn." They were able to trade for provisions, handing over Kalanikupule's arms and ammunition as payment. Jackal and Prince Lee Boo arrived in China, and are reported to have been sold there. Prince Lee Boo

2989-521: The two vessels. Butterworth returned to England from the Galapagos on 3 February 1795. She was under the command of Sharpe, and carried 85 tuns of whale oil and 17500 seal skins. She arrived back at London 24 April 1808. In 1795, Butterworth , Sinclair Halcrow, master, may have sailed on a whaling voyage. There is no further information on this voyage. Lloyd's Register for 1796 shows her master changing from W. Brown to S. Halcrow and her trade from London-Nootka to London-South Seas. Halcrow received

3050-406: Was Honolulu Harbor.  Honolulu has become a historical Hawaiian town and transformed into the state’s capital city mainly due to its status as the world-famous port.  The city title was taken from the harbor, which serves as the center of the state’s corporate and commercial operations as well as the major tourist attraction for the island’s 884,000 citizens. The harbor was dredged to allow

3111-425: Was a British commercial group of three vessels, Butterworth , Jackal , and Prince Lee Boo , that sailed for the Pacific Ocean from London via Cape Horn in late 1791. The principals financing the expedition were alderman William Curtis , London ship-owner Theophilus Pritzler, and probably John Perry, a Blackwall shipbuilder. The leader of the expedition was Captain William Brown, an established whaling captain from

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3172-442: Was a volumetric measure of cargo capacity, though expressed in tons.) As her burthen and several accounts attest, Prince Lee Boo was somewhat smaller than Jackal . As was typical of the times, all three vessels were armed. Butterworth carried sixteen guns; the two smaller vessels had nine guns between them. Butterworth was a former French vessel, built in 1778, that came into British hands in 1784. In British hands she became

3233-518: Was again at Davis Strait, having taken three fish. Then in 1789, T. Pritzler (or Pritzlea) replaced Butterworth as owner, and William Brown became her master. Her trade became London-Davis Strait. At some point around 1791 Brown approached interested parties with a proposal to explore Baffin Bay or approach the North Pole. In 1791 four individuals signed a testimonial to the gun-maker Charles Moore, of East Smithfield, certifying that Moore's harpoon gun

3294-557: Was buried ashore. Shortly thereafter Lady Washington sailed for Canton. Ka'eokulani's invading forces were defeated on December 12. Soon after, a dispute arose between Capt. Brown and Kalanikupule over what was owed to Brown regarding his claims to Oahu and his obligations to Kalanikupule. The exact nature of this dispute is not clearly recorded, but it has been suggested that Kalanikupule may have requested that Brown and his men assist Kalanikupule in an attack against Kamehameha on Hawai'i, and Brown may have refused. If Brown did indeed have

3355-444: Was divided between Kamehameha who controlled Hawai'i and much of Maui, and Kahekili who controlled the islands west of Maui including Oahu and Kauai. Brown traded in weapons with both Kamehameha and Kahekili, but strongly favored the latter. In particular he entered into a contract with Kahekili giving Brown the title to the island of Oahu together with four islands to windward in return for weapons and military assistance, suppressing

3416-474: Was fired and being shotted with round and grape shot, it pierced the side of the Lady Washington and killed Capt Kendrick as he sat at his table, and killed and wounded many upon the deck." James Rowan, the mate of Lady Washington at the time, would later say that "he had sworn since Captain Kendrick's death he would salute no vessel in a hurry, except at a safe distance." Captain Kendrick's body

3477-750: Was her next captain, in 1780. Under his command she captured the prizes Machora , Betsy , Sil Lah , Race Horse , Elisabeth Quenley , Notre Dame du Rosaire , and Hanto of Black . He paid her off on 3 July 1780. Américaine then made a third cruise. On 17 January 1781 Américaine recaptured the Dutch ship Hendrick Frederick , Captain Raba, master. Hendrick Fredrick had been sailing from Oporto to Nantz with 400 chests of fruit when on 13 December at 45°20′N 11°32′W  /  45.333°N 11.533°W  / 45.333; -11.533 Little Ben , Hayes, master, had captured her. HMS  Prudente captured

3538-431: Was invading Oahu. This war became known as Kuki'iahu and was fought from November 16 until December 12, 1794. When Jackal and Prince Lee Boo arrived at Honolulu, Kalanikupule requested their assistance in the battle. In return Brown was to receive 400 hogs, and according to some accounts, authority over the island of Oahu. Eight men under the command of George Lamport, mate of the Jackal, joined Kalanikupule's forces in

3599-681: Was loaned to Captain George Vancouver for this purpose in Queen Charlotte Sound in 1793. The squadron did not procure many furs on their first visit to the Northwest Coast. They wintered in the Hawaiian Islands and returned early the next year, in the Spring 1793. They had better success the 2nd year, and at the end of Autumn, Captain Brown dispatched Butterworth to return to England around Cape Horn, picking up

3660-415: Was particularly suited to whale fishing as it kept the priming dry. The four were: Theophilus Pritzler (as master of Lyon ), Sinclair Halcrow (as master of Lyon ), William Stavers (as master of Leviathan ), and William Brown (as master of Butterworth ). In 1791 Butterworth ' s trade became London-Greenland, changing to London-Nootka. In 1792 Butterworth ' s burthen changed to 390 tons after

3721-496: Was the brother of the chief Wickaninnish. The Butterworth squadron then sailed north to Nootka and Haida Gwaii, returning to Nootka Sound in October. Sigismund Bacstrom , the Butterworth's surgeon and naturalist, left the Butterworth at Nootka on October 15, 1792 "on account of the ill and mean usage I received from Capt. W. Brown and his Officers." Prince Lee Boo was often used to take soundings ahead of Butterworth . She

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