30-580: Hoover House may refer to: Australia [ edit ] Hoover House, a home of President Herbert Hoover in Gwalia, Western Australia Canada [ edit ] Christian K. Hoover House , a historic house museum in Markham, Ontario Hoover House, a historic building in Toronto, Ontario United States [ edit ] Lou Henry Hoover House ,
60-777: A historic house in Hoover, Alabama Hoover House, a landmark house in Riverside, California Hoover House, a residence hall at the University of Chicago Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Hoover House . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hoover_House&oldid=952866246 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
90-628: A London firm, Bewick, Moreing & Co. They in turn sent a young American geologist to the area to develop the find into a working concern. That geologist was Herbert Hoover , who would later become President of the United States . Hoover arrived in Albany , Western Australia in May 1897, travelled by train to Coolgardie, then eventually to the Gwalia area by camel. He suggested himself as manager of
120-691: A closely packed surface of pebbles (called desert pavement or gibber plains), and salt lakes . It is over 700 km (430 mi) wide (from west to east) and covers an area of 348,750 km (134,650 sq mi) from the Eastern Goldfields region of Western Australia to the Gawler Ranges in South Australia . The Western Australian mulga shrublands ecoregion lies to the west, the Little Sandy Desert to
150-459: A depth of 1,080 metres (3,543 ft ) via an incline shaft. Sons of Gwalia grew to become the largest Western Australian gold mine outside Kalgoorlie, and the deepest of its kind in Australia . The 2.644 million troy ounces (82.2 t) recovered between 1897 and 1963 amounts in value to US$ 4.34 billion (A$ 4.55 billion) at August 2012 prices. The area where Leonora-Gwalia are situated
180-490: A few large birds or mammals such as emus and red kangaroos . However, the desert does sustain many types of lizards, including the vulnerable great desert skink ( Egernia kintorei ), the Central Ranges taipan (discovered in 2007), and a number of small marsupials, including the endangered sandhill dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila) and the crest-tailed mulgara (Dasycercus cristicauda) . One way to survive here
210-679: A home of President Herbert Hoover in Stanford, California Eli Hoover House and Confectionary , Muncie, Indiana, listed on the National Register of Historic Places Herbert Hoover National Historic Site , West Branch, Iowa Hoover House (Nicholasville, Kentucky) , listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Jessamine County, Kentucky Shuford–Hoover House , Blackburn, North Carolina, listed on
240-497: A popular attraction. Gwalia was a stop on the Kalgoorlie to Leonora railway line , which opened in 1903. As the mine grew, so did the town's population. In 1901, Gwalia hosted 884 residents, while Leonora had 314. By 1910, Leonora had grown to 1,154, and Gwalia to an overall peak of 1,114. A major slump hit the area in 1921 following a fire at the mine; the damage caused mining to stop for three years. The resulting downturn cut
270-584: A twin-engine Beechcraft Super King Air 200, apparently lost cabin pressure shortly after takeoff from Perth. The pilot and passengers were left without enough oxygen, and the plane continued in a straight line on autopilot until it ran out of fuel and crashed in Queensland , 2,840 kilometres (1,760 mi) from Perth. The incident mirrored the tragedy in the United States that claimed golfer Payne Stewart only months earlier. Sons of Gwalia NL found itself in financial difficulty in 2004 (through hedging), and
300-660: Is a World Wildlife Fund ecoregion and an Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia region of the same name. The majority of people living in the region are Indigenous Australians from different groups, including the Kogara , the Mirning and the Pitjantjatjara . Aboriginal populations have been increasing in this region. Young Indigenous adults from the Great Victoria Desert region work in
330-481: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Gwalia, Western Australia Gwalia is a former gold-mining town located 233 kilometres (145 mi) north of Kalgoorlie and 828 kilometres (514 mi) east of Perth in Western Australia 's Great Victoria Desert . Today, Gwalia is essentially a ghost town , having been largely deserted since
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#1732779546025360-404: Is to burrow into the sands, as a number of the desert's animals, including the southern marsupial mole (Notoryctes typhlops) , and the water-holding frog do. Birds include the chestnut-breasted whiteface ( Aphelocephala pectoralis ) found on the eastern edge of the desert and the malleefowl of Mamungari Conservation Park. Predators of the desert include the dingo (as the desert is north of
390-589: The Dingo Fence ) and two large monitor lizards, the perentie (Varanus giganteus) and the sand goanna (Varanus gouldii) . As this area has had very limited use for agriculture, many habitats remain largely undisturbed. 31% of the desert is in protected areas, including Mamungari Conservation Park (formerly known as Unnamed Conservation Park) in South Australia, a large area of pristine arid zone wilderness, which possesses cultural significance and
420-615: The National Register of Historic Places Barnet–Hoover Log House , Green Township, Ohio, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Wayne County, Ohio Thomas Benton Hoover House , a historic house in Fossil, Oregon Hoover–Minthorn House , a childhood home of President Herbert Hoover in Newberg, Oregon Alexander Hoover House , Hoover, South Dakota, listed on the National Register of Historic Places Hoover House,
450-944: The Wilurarra Creative programs to maintain and develop their culture. Despite its isolated location, the Great Victoria is bisected by very rough tracks, including the Connie Sue Highway and the Anne Beadell Highway . Human activity has included some mining and nuclear weapons testing . Only the hardiest of plants can survive in much of this environment. Between the sand ridges, the areas of wooded steppe consist of Eucalyptus gongylocarpa , Eucalyptus youngiana , and Acacia aneura (mulga) shrubs scattered over areas of resilient spinifex grasses, particularly Triodia basedowii . The wildlife that adapted to these harsh conditions include
480-525: The base of Mount Leonora in May 1896 by Carlson, White and Glendinning, who named the claim "Sons of Gwalia" in honour of Thomas Tobias, a storekeeper in Coolgardie , who funded them. The name Gwalia , the ancient name for the country of Wales, was chosen because of Tobias' Welsh heritage. They then sold their claim for £5,000 to George Hall, who in turn recouped his investment in about one month. Hall sought additional capital, and began negotiations with
510-494: The first European to cross the desert. He named the desert after the then-reigning monarch, Queen Victoria . In 1891, David Lindsey's expedition travelled across this area from north to south. Frank Hann was looking for gold in this area between 1903 and 1908. Len Beadell explored the area in the 1960s. The Great Victoria is the largest desert in Australia, and consists of many small sandhills, grassland plains, areas with
540-568: The main source of employment, the Sons of Gwalia gold mine, closed in 1963. Just 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north is the town of Leonora , which remains the hub for the area's mining and pastoral industries. The Wongatha people are the traditional owners and inhabitants of Gwalia. Underground mining at the Sons of Gwalia began in 1897, and continued until 1963. During this time it produced 2.644 million troy ounces (82.2 t) of gold down to
570-554: The mine operations, still exists, and today operates as a museum and bed-and-breakfast inn. Hoover returned to Western Australia and Gwalia in 1902 as a partner in Bewick Moreing and manager of all of their interests in Western Australia. As the mine developed, workers camped out nearby, building shanties of corrugated iron and hessian cloth, some with dirt floors. The town of Gwalia was born. Meanwhile, an area to
600-455: The new mine. Among his suggestions for cutting labour costs was to hire mostly Italian labourers. As a result, the town's population was made up mostly of Italian immigrants, as well as other Europeans, who sought riches in Australia's newest gold rush. Hoover's stay in Gwalia was brief; he was sent to China in December 1898 to develop mines there. The house that Hoover lived in, overlooking
630-431: The north was being surveyed, which became the town of Leonora . Leonora was formally established in 1898, and the two towns developed a certain rivalry. This was eased when a steam tramway was built linking the two towns (1903), adding to the rail link from Kalgoorlie built the year before. It was the first such tramway built in Western Australia. It was replaced by an electric tram in 1907. An electricity generating station
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#1732779546025660-860: The northwest, the Gibson Desert and the Central Ranges xeric shrublands to the north, the Tirari-Sturt stony desert to the east, and the Nullarbor Plain to the south separates it from the Southern Ocean . Average annual rainfall is low and irregular, ranging from 200 to 250 mm (7.9 to 9.8 in) per year. Thunderstorms are relatively common in the Great Victoria Desert, with an average of 15–20 thunderstorms yearly. Summer daytime temperatures range from 32 to 40 °C (90 to 104 °F), while in winter, this falls to 18 to 23 °C (64 to 73 °F). The Great Victoria desert
690-425: The population in both towns by half. The area slowly grew afterward, but never achieved earlier population numbers while the mine was in operation. By the early 1960s, gold resources in the Sons of Gwalia were taxing existing techniques and profitability, and in December 1963, Bewick & Moreing closed the mine. The town's population disappeared almost overnight. By 1966, the combined population of Leonora and Gwalia
720-440: The resulting crash became headline news across the country and sent waves throughout the world's gold trading market. The mine saw a resurgence in the late 2000s, with St Barbara Limited developing a deeper decline. Targets are around 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) underground, with gold production beginning when they reach 1,100 metres (3,600 ft). As of April 2008 the decline is at around 1,000 vertical metres (3,300 ft) below
750-404: The surface, with a portal from the old pit. This is a continuation of where Sons of Gwalia left off, at around 375 vertical metres (1,230 ft) down. Great Victoria Desert The Great Victoria Desert is a sparsely populated desert ecoregion and interim Australian bioregion in Western Australia and South Australia . In 1875, British-born Australian explorer Ernest Giles became
780-453: The town's remaining homes and buildings, as well as the mine's original structures (headframe and winder building). The 1980s saw the Sons of Gwalia reopen under a new scheme to tap underground resources using more modern and efficient extraction methods. A superpit cut into the original workings, requiring the headframe and winder building be moved. The new operation, which promised an additional 1.6 million troy ounces (50 t) of gold,
810-451: Was established in 1902 to provide power to the mines. It was fired by mulga timber gathered from surrounding areas and a number of 2-foot (610 mm) gauge tramways were laid to enable haulage. Gwalia also became home to the state's first public swimming pool, and the first State Hotel (1903). While the pool saw abandonment along with the rest of the town when the mine closed, the hotel remained occupied by various tenants, and stands today as
840-475: Was first travelled by Sir John Forrest in 1869 during an unsuccessful search for signs of explorer Ludwig Leichhardt 's expedition from the east. Forrest named a noticeable knoll Mount Leonora after a female relative. A number of years passed before Edward "Doodah" Sullivan first pegged the area in 1896 for gold prospecting, on the heels of recent finds in Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie . Gold was discovered near
870-634: Was only 338, the majority living in Leonora. Leonora remained a pastoral hub and home to the Shire of Leonora's administration, but Gwalia fell into disrepair, with just a few residents remaining behind. However, both the town and mine gradually became popular tourist attractions. Around 1969 nickel was discovered in the area, prompting new growth. Leonora's population grew slowly during the 1970s, but Gwalia remained stagnant and deteriorating. A historical preservation effort began in 1971 to restore and preserve
900-487: Was traded on the Australian Stock Exchange and saw significant growth. The new mine eventually produced 2.4 million troy ounces (75 t) of gold at an average of 5.2 grams per tonne (0.036 gr/lb), the same amount as the old mine but in a third of the time. Gwalia made national news in 2000 when a chartered plane carrying seven Sons of Gwalia workers (plus the pilot) crashed . The plane,
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