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36-434: Hope Hall was built on the site of am old farm house and building. The Hall was described as being an imposing building, two and a half stories high, constructed of red coloured handmade brick building with stone features. There was a small brickyard at Hope Hall for the purpose of making bricks solely for the maintenance of the estate building. The bricks were made by machine and name stamped ' Hope Hall'. The precise dates that

72-417: A subspecies of the willow ptarmigan ( Lagopus lagopus ) but is now considered to be a separate species. It is also known as the moorcock , moorfowl or moorbird . Lagopus is derived from Ancient Greek lagos ( λαγος ), meaning " hare ", + pous ( πους ), "foot", in reference to the feathered feet and toes typical of this cold-adapted genus, and scoticus is "of Scotland". The red grouse

108-430: A brooke called yr Avon Ddu ; and from Morton Anglicoru' the said Avon Ddu doth bounde to ye towneshipp of Erddig, and from thence to Clywedoge, ioyning to ye towneshippe of Bersham in ye said manno'. The jurors noted that "vpon ye mountaynes and commons in and about this manno' do breed moore cockes and growes, w'ch gentlemen of ye countrey of Chesshire and other places do hawke and take them at some seasons of

144-579: A decline in the number of upland gamekeepers. Some predators such as the hen harrier feed on grouse and there is ongoing controversy as to what effect these have on grouse numbers. Red grouse have been introduced to the Hautes Fagnes region of Belgium but the population there died out in the early 1970s. The red grouse is herbivorous and feeds mainly on the shoots, seeds and flowers of heather. It will also feed on berries, cereal crops and sometimes insects. The birds begin to form pairs during

180-565: A farmer Esclusham Esclusham ( Welsh : Esclus or Esclys ) is a community and electoral ward in Wrexham County Borough , Wales . The community includes the villages of Bersham , Rhostyllen , Aberoer , Llwyneinion and Pentre Bychan , as well as a number of smaller settlements, the park at Erddig , and an area of the Ruabon Moors west of Aber-oer known as Esclusham Mountain . The population of

216-520: A shot) or ' driven ' (where grouse are driven, often in large numbers, by 'beaters' towards the guns who are hiding behind a line of 'butts'). Many moors are managed to increase the density of grouse. Areas of heather are subjected to controlled burning; this allows fresh young shoots to regenerate, which are favoured by the grouse. Extensive predator control is a feature of grouse moor management: foxes, stoats and crows are usually heavily controlled on grouse moors. The extent to which it occurs on grouse moors

252-667: Is endemic to the British Isles ; it has developed in isolation from other subspecies of the willow ptarmigan which are widespread in northern parts of Eurasia and North America . It is found across most parts of Scotland , including Orkney , Shetland and most of the Outer Hebrides . They are only absent from urban areas, such as in the Central Belt . In Wales there are strong populations in places but their range has retracted. They are now largely absent from

288-462: Is caused by the strongyle worm , which induces damage and internal bleeding after burrowing into the caecum . This endoparasite is often eaten with the tops of young heather shoots and can lead to mortality and poor condition, including a decrease in the bird's ability to control the scent it emits. First diagnosed in the UK in 2010, respiratory cryptosporidiosis , caused by Cryptosporidium baileyi ,

324-451: Is hotly contested between conservation groups and shooting interests, and the subject generates a lot of media attention in relation to grouse moors and shooting. In recent decades the practice of using medicated grit and direct dosing of birds against an endoparasite, the strongyle worm or threadworm ( Trichostrongylus tenuis ), has become part of the management regime on many moors. The flavour of grouse, like most game birds, develops if

360-410: Is identified by its ' chut!chut!chut!chut!chut!chuttt.... ' call, or the ' Goback, goback, goback ' vocalisation. The wings make a whirring sound when the bird is disturbed from a resting place. Grouse populations display periodic cycling, where the population builds up to very high densities only to crash a few years later, and then recover. The main driver of this cyclic pattern

396-411: Is present in approximately half the grouse moors in northern England, where it reduces natural survival and productivity of red grouse. Louping ill virus is a flavivirus (RNA virus), also known as sheep encephalomyelitis virus. Flaviviruses are transmitted by arthropods, and louping ill virus is transmitted by ticks. In red grouse, this virus can cause mortality as high as 78%. The main tick vector

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432-467: Is shot in large numbers during the shooting season which traditionally starts on August 12, known as the Glorious Twelfth . There is a keen competition among some London restaurants to serve freshly killed grouse on August 12, with the birds being flown from the moors and cooked within hours. Shooting can take the form of 'walked up' (where shooters walk across the moor to flush grouse and take

468-403: Is the logo of The Famous Grouse whisky and an animated bird is a character in a series of its adverts. The red grouse is also the emblem of the journal British Birds . The red grouse is differentiated from the willow ptarmigan and rock ptarmigan by its plumage being reddish brown, and not having a white winter plumage. The tail is black and the legs are white. There are white stripes on

504-412: Is thought to be the parasitic nematode worm Trichostrongylus tenuis . However, in his book, V. C. Wynne-Edwards suggests that the primary reason for mortality in grouse population is homeostasis depending largely on food availability and that the 'Grouse disease', due to the parasitic worm Trichostrongylus tenuis is a mistaken diagnosis of the after effects of social exclusion. The red grouse

540-498: Is upland heather moors away from trees. It can also be found in some low-lying bogs and birds may visit farmland during hard weather. The British population is estimated at 250,000 pairs with around 1–5,000 pairs in Ireland. Numbers have declined in recent years and birds are now absent in areas where they were once common. Reasons for the decline include loss of heather due to overgrazing , creation of new conifer plantations and

576-656: The Shropshire Hills such as Long Mynd , where they breed. The Exmoor population would now appear to be extinct, with the last birds sighted as recently as 2005. An introduced population in Suffolk died out by the early 20th century, though a population on Cannock Chase in Staffordshire lasted longer. In Ireland it is found locally in most parts of the country: it is commonest in County Mayo , where

612-513: The manor of Esclusham, was part of the historic Marcher Lordship of Bromfield and Yale . The Survey of topographer John Norden , carried out in 1620 within Bromfield and Yale, defined the township as follows: [...] the towneshipp of Esclusham, beeing part of ye said manno', is bounden from Minera by a little purle of water running from the mountayne called Glas-bry, downe by the landes called Tir Kelin, and so to Clywedog vpon ye west by

648-593: The European Union are obliged by virtue of Council Directive 2009/147/EC on the conservation of wild birds (popularly called the Birds Directive ) to take the requisite measures for the protection of the red grouse; but as it is a species to which Annex II of the Directive applies, Article 7 permits hunting under national law, provided population levels are not threatened as a result. In 2002, Ireland

684-561: The High Sheriff of Flintshire. In 1826, it was the seat of John Price the High Sheriff of Flintshire. In 1868, it was in the possession of Thomas Wynne-Eyton, as part of the Leeswood Estates. The Eytons of Hope Hall were descended from Kindick Efell, Lord of Esglwyseg , and Madog, Lord of Leeswood. 1861 John Lloyd, a farmer 1871 Joseph Dutton, a farmer 1881 John Greenwood, a farm bailiff After 1891 until at least 1911

720-456: The autumn and males become increasingly territorial as winter progresses. The nest is a shallow scrape up to 20 cm (7.9 in) across which is lined with vegetation. About six to nine eggs are laid, mainly during April and May. They are oval, glossy and pale yellow with dark brown blotches. The eggs are incubated for 19 to 25 days, the chicks can fly after 12 to 13 days after hatching and are fully grown after 30 to 35 days. Member States of

756-420: The bird is hung for a few days after shooting and before eating. Roasting is the most common way to cook a grouse. The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie (1909) has 11 recipes for using grouse. The recipe "To cook old birds" runs as follows: Old grouse are not fit for cooking till the feathers pull very loosely from the "apron". When "high", put a piece of bread inside them while roasting; take out

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792-636: The bread before dishing, and throw it away. A good gravy should be served with them in a boat, none in the dish, but put the birds on a toast when bread is plentiful. Because of their economic and social importance and some interesting aspects of their biology, red grouse have been widely studied. They were the subject of some of the earliest studies of population biology in birds, as detailed in The Grouse in Health and in Disease by Lord Lovat in 1911. Since

828-537: The brickyard were in operation is unknown, although on a map dated 1871 shows a shed and a small claypit at the Hall. On 8 October 1867 a fire destroyed an outbuilding and its contents, valued at £150. On Sunday, 10 August 1878, the wife of the Reverend Robert Roberts was in the house when it was struck by lightning damaging a chimney pot. The hall was demolished in 1960. Differing accounts exist about

864-464: The community at the 2011 Census was 3,515. The name is recorded as Esclesham or Esclusham as early as 1315, likely originating in a combination of the Old English personal name Æscel with ham , "settlement"; the name is locally pronounced with stress on the second (middle) syllable, probably due to the influence of Welsh language stress patterns. The old township of Esclusham, within

900-505: The early 20th century there were lead and zinc mines on the mountain, and the area was used for grouse shooting. There are several structures of interest in industrial archeology , including the Bersham Ironworks and old lead workings. The Minera Caves, a Site of Special Scientific Interest , lie beneath Esclusham Mountain: over 8 kilometres of caves connecting with the old lead workings have now been mapped. Bersham Colliery

936-812: The far south, their main strongholds being Snowdonia , the Brecon Beacons and the Cambrian Mountains . In England it is mainly found in the north – places such as the Lake District , Northumberland , County Durham , much of Yorkshire , the Pennines and the Peak District , as far south as the Staffordshire Moorlands . There is an isolated introduced population on Dartmoor , and overspill Welsh birds visit

972-418: The landes of Hugh ap Robert ap Howell in ye manno' of Minera, and part of Glasbrie, and part of ye mountayne towardes y Groes Newydd ; but the certaine boundes vpon ye said mountayne they cannot sett downe. And from Mortyn Wallicoru' by a brooke called Holbrooke, through certaine feildes with certaine markes knowne, to a place called Aberderryn, and from thence to a place called Penissa Maeswdd Kynelleth to

1008-723: The mid-20th century they have been subject to ongoing study by many organisations and individuals. Much work has been conducted by the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology in the eastern Cairngorms , and by the Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust in the Central Highlands. There are a wide range of research activities still going on today and a wealth of published literature exists on all aspects of grouse biology. The red grouse may be infected by parasites and viruses which severely affect populations. Strongylosis or 'grouse disease'

1044-565: The new hall. In 1791, a £30,000 debt led to them mortgaging the estate to the Brooke family. In 1791, when the village of Hope was enclosed by the Hope, Lower Kinnerton, and Dodleston (Cheshire) Inclosure Act 1791 ( 31 Geo. 3 . c. 69 ), the Reverend J. Hope Wynne-Eyton possessed the lands of Hope Hall. In 1815, Hope Hall was the seat of Sir Richard Brooke, 6th Baronet of Norton Priory (1785-1865),

1080-575: The origins of Hope Hall. Written was that in 1740 a brick built house was constructed on the site of old farmhouse and buildings that were held by the Longueville family from the reign of King Henry VI (1422–61). It was built for Elizabeth Charlotte, the daughter of Sir Thomas Longueville of Esclusham Hall, Rhostyllyn . An alternative version is that the brick house replaced an older farm on the site in 1751. Sir George Wynne, due to family debts, sold their Broughton Hall estate, and to save money built

1116-700: The population is increasing, and on the County Antrim plateau, with other healthy populations in the Slieve Bloom Mountains and the Knockmealdown Mountains ; There is still a small population in south County Dublin . The small population in the Isle of Man is mostly concentrated in the southern hills but conservation work is ongoing throughout the uplands to ensure the species' continued viability. Its typical habitat

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1152-458: The same name exists. The population of this ward at the 2011 census was 2,766 only. The community has a total area of 1656 hectares and had 3401 inhabitants at the 2001 census. Its eastern part is relatively urbanised, with the village of Rhostyllen being close to the suburbs of Wrexham . In the western, rural part of the community the land rises to the high pastureland and moorland above Fron-deg and Aber-oer known as Esclusham Mountain. Until

1188-549: The underwing and red combs over the eye. Females are less reddish than the males and have less conspicuous combs. Young birds are duller and lack the red combs. Birds in Ireland are sometimes thought to belong to a separate subspecies L. l. hibernica . They are slightly paler than those in Britain and the females have yellower plumage with more finely barred underparts. This may be an adaptation to camouflage them in moorland with higher grass and sedge content and less heather. It

1224-618: The yeare". The township of Esclusham Above (i.e. "above" Offa's Dyke ) was incorporated in the parish of Minera from 1844; in 1879 parts of Esclusham Above, Esclusham Below, and Erddig were incorporated in the civil parish of Esclusham. As a result of the Local Government Act 1972 , this was itself replaced in 1974 by the Community of Esclusham, currently based in the Parish Hall, Rhostyllen. An electoral ward in

1260-538: Was a large coal mine in Rhostyllen which employed over 800 men. 53°02′02″N 3°04′01″W  /  53.03378°N 3.0669°W  / 53.03378; -3.0669 Red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus The red grouse ( Lagopus scotica ) is a medium-sized bird of the grouse family which is found in heather moorland in Great Britain and Ireland . It was formerly classified as

1296-467: Was found by the European Court of Justice to be in breach of its obligations under an earlier Birds Directive to protect the red grouse, in that it had allowed a crucial breeding ground to become degraded through overgrazing by sheep . Conservation measures taken on foot of the judgment have seen the population in the area double from c.400 to 800. The red grouse is considered a game bird and

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