Loam (in geology and soil science) is soil composed mostly of sand ( particle size > 63 micrometres (0.0025 in)), silt (particle size > 2 micrometres (7.9 × 10 in)), and a smaller amount of clay (particle size < 2 micrometres (7.9 × 10 in)). By weight, its mineral composition is about 40–40–20% concentration of sand–silt–clay, respectively. These proportions can vary to a degree, however, and result in different types of loam soils: sandy loam, silty loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, and loam.
16-633: Horowhenua District is a territorial authority district on the west coast of the North Island of New Zealand, administered by Horowhenua District Council. Located north of Wellington and Kāpiti , it stretches from slightly north of the town of Ōtaki in the south to just south of Himatangi in the north, and from the coast to the top of the Tararua Range . It is in the Manawatū-Whanganui local government region . The name Horowhenua
32-604: A conservation area, with the help of local Māori . One of the local tribal authorities is the Muaūpoko Tribal Authority . Secondary: Primary: Intermediate: In rugby, a combined Horowhenua-Kapiti team represents the area in the amateur Heartland Championship . In cricket, a Horowhenua-Kapiti team has competed in the Hawke Cup since 2002. Districts of New Zealand A district in New Zealand
48-531: Is Māori for landslide. Levin is the main town and the seat of the district council. Other towns include Foxton , Shannon and Tokomaru . The population of the district is 37,700 (June 2024). Horowhenua County was established in 1885 from the southern part of Manawatu County . It stretched from the Manawatū River , Opiki and Tokomaru in the north, to Waikanae and the Waikanae River in
64-668: Is a territorial authority area governed by a district council as a second-tier of local government in New Zealand , below regional councils . They were formed as a result of the local government reforms in 1989 . There are 53 districts in New Zealand , and they do not include the 12 city councils , the Auckland Council , and the Chatham Islands Council . District councils serve a combination of rural and urban communities, while city councils administer
80-416: Is compacted, depleted of organic matter, or has clay dispersed throughout its fine-earth fraction. For example, pea can be cultivated in sandy loam and clay loam soils, but not more compacted sandy soils. Loam (the high-humus definition, not the soil texture definition) may be used for the construction of houses, for example in loam post and beam construction. Building crews can build a layer of loam on
96-456: Is considered ideal for gardening and agricultural uses because it retains nutrients well and retains water while still allowing excess water to drain away. A soil dominated by one or two of the three particle size groups can behave like loam if it has a strong granular structure, promoted by a high content of organic matter. However, a soil that meets the textural (geological) definition of loam can lose its characteristic desirable qualities when it
112-905: Is soils containing humus (organic content) with no mention of particle size or texture, and this definition is used by many gardeners. The different types of loam soils each have slightly different characteristics, with some draining liquids more efficiently than others. The soil's texture, especially its ability to retain nutrients and water , are crucial. Loam soil is suitable for growing most plant varieties. Bricks made of loam, mud, sand, and water, with an added binding material such as rice husks or straw, have been used in construction since ancient times. Loam soils can be classified into more specific subtypes. Some examples are sandy loam, silt loam, clay loam, and silty clay loam. Different soil phases have some variation in characteristics like stoniness and erosion that are too minor to affect native vegetative growth but can be significant for crop cultivation. Loam
128-796: The 2018 census , and an increase of 6,597 people (21.9%) since the 2013 census . There were 17,904 males, 18,660 females and 129 people of other genders in 14,418 dwellings. 2.9% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 45.5 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 6,624 people (18.1%) aged under 15 years, 5,838 (15.9%) aged 15 to 29, 15,090 (41.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 9,141 (24.9%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 79.3% European ( Pākehā ); 27.7% Māori ; 7.3% Pasifika ; 4.9% Asian ; 0.6% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.4% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English
144-511: The United States Department of Agriculture , textural classification triangle , the only soil that is not predominantly sand, silt, or clay is called "loam". Loam soils generally contain more nutrients, moisture, and humus than sandy soils, have better drainage and infiltration of water and air than silt- and clay-rich soils, and are easier to till than clay soils. In fact, the primary definition of loam in most dictionaries
160-513: The administration of many environmental and public transport matters, while the district councils administer local roads and reserves, sewerage, building consents, the land use and subdivision aspects of resource management, and other local matters. Some activities are delegated to council-controlled organisations . There are currently 53 districts in New Zealand . The North Island comprises 34 districts. The South Island and Stewart Island comprise 19 districts. Notes: Loam In
176-420: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 2,904 (9.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 16,785 (55.8%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 9,531 (31.7%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 31,700, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 1,815 people (6.0%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
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#1732781040954192-400: The following towns, localities, settlements and communities (larger towns shown in bold): Horowhenua District covers 1,063.91 km (410.78 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 37,700 as of June 2024, with a population density of 35 people per km. Horowhenua District had a population of 36,693 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 3,432 people (10.3%) since
208-533: The larger urban areas . Three districts ( Gisborne , Tasman , and Marlborough ) are unitary authorities also performing the functions of a regional council. Districts are not subdivisions of regions, and some of them fall within more than one region. Taupō District has the distinction of straddling the boundaries of four different regions. Regional council areas are based on water catchment areas, whereas district council areas are based on community of interest and road access. Regional councils are responsible for
224-555: The south. The county offices were in Ōtaki until 1896, when they were moved to Levin . Horowhenua District was established in 1989 from a merger of Horowhenua County, Foxton Borough , Levin Borough and part of the first Manawatū District , as part of New Zealand local government reforms . The southern part of Horowhenua County – the Waikanae and Otaki areas – became part of Kāpiti Coast District . Horowhenua District consists of
240-556: Was spoken by 96.8%, Māori language by 5.8%, Samoan by 1.9% and other languages by 6.5%. No language could be spoken by 2.0% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.7%. The percentage of people born overseas was 15.0, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 31.2% Christian , 0.6% Hindu , 0.2% Islam , 1.3% Māori religious beliefs , 0.4% Buddhist , 0.6% New Age , 0.1% Jewish , and 1.0% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 56.3%, and 8.6% of people did not answer
256-465: Was that 12,774 (42.5%) people were employed full-time, 3,861 (12.8%) were part-time, and 996 (3.3%) were unemployed. Much of the area was once an extensive wetland and the centre of a substantial flax industry. It has been progressively drained and converted to productive but flood-prone farmland, with a mixture of loam and peat based soils. Some parts of the wetland, particularly those around Lake Horowhenua are being returned to their former state as
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