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35-594: The Hatfield Marine Science Center was opened in 1965. The center was preceded by the Yaquina Bay Fisheries Laboratory , which was established in 1939 on the opposite side of Yaquina Bay. After several years of development, the Gladys Valley Marine Studies Building (MSB) was completed in summer 2020. The building hosts new office and laboratory space, a 250-seat auditorium and a cafe. The building provides

70-561: A governor , who represents the King of Australia (currently Charles III ) and performs the ceremonial duties of a head of state . Unlike the Canadian lieutenant-governors, a state governor is appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the state government, not the federal government. Every state also has a parliament ; most states have a bicameral parliament, except for Queensland , where

105-427: A parliamentary system in which the executive is dependent on and accountable to the legislature. The unicameral provincial legislature is elected by party-list proportional representation , and the legislature in turn elects one of its members as Premier to head the executive. The Premier appoints an Executive Council (a cabinet), consisting of members of the legislature, to administer the various departments of

140-412: A " sovereign state ". Most federations designate their federal units "state" or the equivalent term in the local language; however, in some federations, other designations are used such as Oblast or Republic . Some federations are asymmetric , designating greater powers to some federal units than others. Provinces are usually divisions of unitary states but occasionally the designation is also given to

175-524: A case the provincial legislation prevails, but national legislation may prescribe standards and frameworks for provinces to follow, and may prevent provinces from adversely affecting national interests or the interests of other provinces. The functional areas in which the provincial governments have powers include agriculture, arts and culture, primary and secondary education, the environment and tourism, health, housing, roads and transport, and social welfare. The provincial governments are structured according to

210-711: A locally built, 13 foot two-person submarine is on display outside the visitor center. Undergraduate and graduate students study at HMSC. The newly built Gladys Valley Marine Studies Building has been proposed to host year-round body of 500 undergraduate students. HMSC hosts multiple research partnerships between Oregon State University and external organizations. The Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies (CIMRS) conducts interdisciplinary research covering fisheries science, aquaculture, marine ecosystems and climate, oceanography, geology, acoustics and marine-resource technology. In addition to HMSC employees, CIMRS involves staff from NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center,

245-597: A state legislature) such as in North Carolina or simply Legislature as in Texas ). In Nebraska , United States Virgin Islands and Guam (the latter two being federal territories rather than states) the legislature is unicameral . The states are sovereign entities in their own right and maintain much control over their internal affairs with issues such as public transport and law enforcement generally being

280-471: A total of $ 31,039,000 on travel generated expenditures. $ 5,256,000 was spent on local recreation and $ 135,688,000 was spent on equipment. 1,700,000 residents and non-residents participated in wildlife viewing in 2008 from those that participated they spent a total of $ 462,087,000 on travel generated expenditures. $ 33,173,000 was spent on local recreation and $ 527,980,000 was spent on equipment. ODFW relies on about 4000 volunteers to support its programs and

315-518: A tsunami evacuation point for more than 900 people, including local residents, and it is designed to withstand a 9+ magnitude earthquake and an XXL tsunami event. More than 300 people work at the HMSC, including Oregon State University faculty, graduate students, researchers, and staff from agencies including Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , U.S. Department of Agriculture , and

350-491: Is Puerto Rico . Puerto Rico is treated in a manner similar to a state in many areas but in others is quite different. Most notably it does not have representation in the United States Congress other than its non-voting Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico . However, it does enjoy more autonomy in taxation and some other areas than the states and thus is commonly classified as a sort of autonomous region for

385-615: Is a federal nation with six states (and two mainland territories). Section 51 of the Australian Constitution sets out the division of legislative power between the states and the Commonwealth (federal) government. The Commonwealth government is given a variety of legislative powers, including control of foreign policy , taxation (although this cannot discriminate between states or parts of states), and regulation of interstate commerce and corporations . Since

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420-601: Is also hosted at the Seafood Research & Education Center in Astoria . The Marine Mammal Institute (MMI) focuses on research on marine mammals, incorporating research on ecology, genetics, veterinary medicine, engineering, aquaculture, and communications. The Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) is a collaboration between Oregon State University and the University of Washington , and

455-495: Is the government that controls a subdivision of a country in a federal form of government , which shares political power with the federal or national government . A state government may have some level of political autonomy , or be subject to the direct control of the federal government. This relationship may be defined by a constitution . The reference to "state" denotes country subdivisions that are officially or widely known as "states", and should not be confused with

490-467: Is usually considered a unitary state but its government system possesses a strong similarity to a federal one. The Constitution of South Africa does not describe the state as federal or unitary. South Africa is divided into nine provinces which have their own elected governments. Chapter Six of the Constitution of South Africa describes the division of power between the national government and

525-755: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NOAA employees at the HMSC are affiliated with the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, or the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory , all of which are headquartered in Seattle, Washington . The Hatfield Marine Science Visitor Center is the public education wing of the HMSC. The visitor center's exhibits focus on marine species, marine research, and

560-885: The 1878 establishment of the office of Columbia River Fish Warden. Since 1931, enforcement of Oregon's Fish and Game laws has been the responsibility of the Oregon State Police rather than separate wardens. A study was done in 2008 by ODFW and Travel Oregon to find the results of expenditures made throughout Oregon from residents and nonresidents that participated in the economic significance of fishing, hunting, wildlife viewing, and shellfish harvesting in Oregon. Roughly 2.8 million residents and non-residents participated in either hunting, fishing, wildlife viewing, and shellfish harvesting. 631,000 fished, 282,000 hunted, 175,000 harvested shellfish, and 1.7 million participated in wildlife viewing. During 2008 $ 2.5 billion in expenditures

595-455: The Alaska Fisheries Science Center, and Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. The Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station (COMES) is an agricultural research station dedicated to research and development for Oregon’s fishing, aquaculture and seafood, and helps to facilitate Oregon State University's service as a land-grant university for coastal communities. COMES is the largest of 12 branch agricultural research stations in Oregon. COMES

630-576: The States respectively, making the United States a decentralized federation. Federal law generally takes preference over State law when the two conflict due to a number of constitutional clauses and judicial precedents. In most states, governors are directly elected heads of state and commander in chief of their state's respective military structure. State legislatures exerce legislative authority. In 49 states out of 50 as well as three of

665-428: The coastal environment. The visitor center offers public programs and tours and is open year-round. Admission is by donation. Live marine animals on display include a Giant Pacific octopus . The octopus can be viewed remotely through the live HMSC OctoCam. Other exhibits focus on weather, tsunami , commercial fishing, ocean resource management, microscopic sea life, and tide-pool creatures and habitats. The Newmas ,

700-475: The domain of state governments (although the Federal government often works with states in these areas). Large portions of the welfare state in the United States are administered by the states as well which means that levels of social services vary from state to state. This has sometimes been controversial, such as in the case of Medicaid expansion . There are also several territories, the most notable of which

735-595: The extent of the Commonwealth's power over trade union and industrial relations legislation. One difference between the Australian and United States models of federalism is that, in Australia, the Commonwealth Parliament has explicit constitutional power over marriage legislation; this has been a focal point for recent controversies over same-sex marriage . Each state of Australia has

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770-459: The federal units such as the Provinces of Argentina or Canada . Their governments, which are also provincial governments , are not the subject of this article. Many people confuse the state with city governments, and while a small ticket or small crime will be overlooked by the federal government and handled by the state or city government, that are not the same. The Commonwealth of Australia

805-897: The home port adjacent to the center. In addition, the NOAA Marine Operations Center-Pacific (MOC-P) , adjacent to HMSC, is also the home port for the NOAAS Bell M. Shimada and the NOAAS Rainier . These research vessels are frequently used by HMSC staff. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife ( ODFW ) is a government agency of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for programs protecting Oregon fish and wildlife resources and their habitats. The agency operates hatcheries, issues hunting and angling licenses, advises on habitat protection, and sponsors public education programs. Its history dates to

840-415: The inhabited Territories of the United States ( Puerto Rico , Northern Mariana Islands , and American Samoa ), the legislature is bicameral with the houses commonly, though not exclusively being styled House of Representatives and Senate although the name of the legislative body as a whole varies between the states (the most common are General Assembly (Itself sometimes a term for the lower house of

875-1648: The management of wildlife areas. Volunteers lead public workshops about fish and wildlife, teach hunter education, help families learn to fish, teach archery and shooting skills, plant vegetation, build bird nesting boxes, monitor fish and wildlife populations, help biologists learn more about wildlife behavior by trapping, monitoring and recording animal patterns and activity, clean up at fish hatcheries, build sign kiosks, maintain equipment and more. ‌ 0. Warm Springs Indian Res. 10. Saddle Mountain  11. Scappoose 12. Wilson 14. Trask 15. Willamette 16. Santiam  17. Stott Mountain 18. Alsea 19. Mckenzie 20. Siuslaw 21. Indigo 22. Dixon  23 . Melrose 24 . Tioga 25 . Sixes 26 . Powers 27 . Chetco 28 . Applegate 29 . Evans Creek 30 . Rogue 31 . Keno 32 . Klamath Falls  33 . Sprague 34 . Upper Deschutes 35 . Paulina 36 . Maury 37 . Ochoco 38 . Grizzly 39 . Metolius 40 . Maupin 41 . White River 42 . Hood 43 . Biggs 44 . Columbia Basin  45 . Fossil 46 . Murderers Creek 47 . Northside 48 . Heppner 49 . Ukiah 50 . Desolation 51 . Sumpter 52 . Starkey 53 . Catherine Creek 54 . Mount Emily 55 . Walla Walla 56 . Wenaha 57 . Sled Springs 58 . Chesnimnus 59 . Snake River 60 . Minam 61 . Imnaha 62 . Pine Creek 63 . Keating 64 . Lookout Mountain 65 . Beulah 66 . Malheur River 67 . Owyhee 68 . Whitehorse 69 . Steens Mountain 70 . Beaty's Butte 71 . Juniper 72 . Silvies 73 . Wagontire 74 . Warner 75 . Interstate 76 . Silver Lake 77 . Fort Rock State government A state government

910-492: The original ratification of the constitution, the High Court of Australia has settled a number of disputes concerning the extent of the Commonwealth's legislative powers, some of which have been controversial and extensively criticised; these included a dispute in 1982 over whether the Commonwealth was entitled to designate land for national heritage purposes under United Nations agreements, as well as numerous disputes over

945-458: The provincial administration. The United States is divided into 50 states , which comprise the federated polities. Unlike many other federal systems, the states of the U.S. created the federal government. Under the 10th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution , all governmental powers not granted to the Federal government of the United States nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to

980-444: The provincial governments, listing those "functional areas" of government that are exclusively reserved to the provincial governments and those where both levels of government have concurrent powers; the remaining areas not listed are reserved to the national government. In areas where both levels have concurrent powers there is a complex set of rules in the event of a conflict between national and provincial legislation. Generally in such

1015-570: The real executive power rests with a Council of Ministers , headed by a Chief Minister . The legislative structure consists of a directly-elected legislative assembly and, in the case of 6 states, an indirectly-elected legislative council . The judicial setup consists of the state's high court and the district courts subordinate to it. Mexico also has states. In Nigeria , States are constituent political entities of which there are currently 36. States have an elected Governor and legislature and broad powers in some areas. Powers not given to

1050-429: The representative of the federal government and responsible for the enforcement of federal legislation. Germany has sixteen states with their own governments. In India , state governments are the governments ruling over the country's 28 states and two of its eight union territories ( Delhi and Puducherry ). Under the Constitution of India , the executive power of a state is vested in its Governor ; however,

1085-490: The states belong to the federal government under the Constitution of Nigeria . In Pakistan , the Provinces of Pakistan are the federal units. There are currently four. The Provincial Governments are each headed formally by a Provincial Governor but for practical purposes power is exercised by the Chief Minister , in a parliamentary system similar to that of the Federal government of Pakistan . South Africa

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1120-478: The upper chamber (the Legislative Council ) was abolished in 1922. Like their Indian counterparts, Australian states have a Westminster system of parliamentary government; the head of government, known in each state as a Premier , is drawn from the state parliament. In Austria, a Landtag (state parliament) elects a Landeshauptmann , who is not only the chairman of a state government but also

1155-522: Was founded with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy . It is one of three Marine Renewable Energy centers for Oregon State University, with research focused on wave and tidal energy. The Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS) is a collaboration between Oregon State University and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which hosts oceanographic monitoring data collected at Yaquina Bay. The OSU College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences operates two research vessels out of

1190-480: Was made as a result of these activities. All regions of Oregon had benefited from the amount of expenditures made during 2008. Of this report fishing had a response rate of only 18%, hunting had a response rate of 26%, shellfishing had a response rate of 35% and wildlife viewing had a response rate of 62%. 282,000 residents and non-residents participated in hunting in 2008 from this residents and non-resident made travel generated expenditures of $ 104,458,000, $ 31,574,000

1225-440: Was spent on local recreation and $ 381,908,000 was spent from equipment. 631,000 residents and non-residents participated in fishing in 2008 from those that participated they spent a total of $ 264,605,000 on travel generated expenditures. $ 76,905,000 was spent on local recreation and $ 441,356,000 was spent on equipment. 175,000 residents and non-residents participated in shellfishing in 2008 from those that participated they spent

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