A Haubarg , rarely also Hauberg , is the typical farmhouse of the Eiderstedt peninsula on the northwest coast of Germany and is a type of Gulf house . It emerged in the late 16th century when West Frisian immigrants brought with them the Gulf type of farm building and it continued to be used until the late 19th century. In the Netherlands these houses are called stolpboerderij .
14-636: The word "Haubarg" means a place for piling or stacking hay (see hooiberg ). As a byre-dwelling , man and animal lived for centuries in haubargs under one roof, albeit in separate rooms. Haubargs have a right-angled floor plan, which is square in the case of four-post buildings. They are post-and-beam houses, a form of Ständerhaus , in which the house is supported on, usually four, but sometimes six or eight posts, depending on size, that are joined by longitudinal and transverse beams ( Pfetten ). In rare cases, no longer seen today, there were as many as ten posts. This method of construction meant, inter alia , that
28-488: A decade or two before a better quality structure can be built. Post in ground construction can also include sill on grade, wood-lined cellars , and pit houses . Most pre-historic and medieval wooden dwellings worldwide were built post in ground. This type of construction is often believed to be an intermediate form between a palisade construction and a stave construction. Because the postholes are easily detected in archaeological surveys, they can be distinguished from
42-708: A south-north orientation. No new haubargs have been built for about 100 years. When the then Adolf Hitler Koog was dyked in Dithmarschen during the Nazi era , in order to create a model Germanic settlement ( Mustersiedlung ) there, the houses built were haubargs, entirely atypical of Dithmarschen. In 1860 there were still 360 haubargs, but by 2008 only about 100 were left. Although haubargs had originally been built for their economic usefulness, they had since become too expensive for their rural owners. The thatched roof in particular, that often had an area of around 1,000m²,
56-499: A square or Vierkant , in which the straw, which was produced by threshing, was stored. Arranged around it are the Loo , where threshing and other activities took place, living rooms ( Döns ) and sleeping compartments (alcoves or Alkoven ) for the farm hands ( Hofgesinde ) together with the stalls for the horses ( Peerboos ), cattle ( Boos ) and small livestock. The bedchambers of well-to-do farmer and his family were wall bed in alcoves in
70-528: Is a type of construction in which vertical, roof-bearing timbers, called posts , are in direct contact with the ground. They may be placed into excavated postholes , driven into the ground, or on sills which are set on the ground without a foundation. Earthfast construction is common from the Neolithic period to the present and is used worldwide. Post-in-the-ground construction is sometimes called an "impermanent" form, used for houses which are expected to last
84-585: Is an open structure with a movable roof for storing loose hay on a farm. Hay barracks were widespread in northern Europe in medieval times, also found in the Alps and North America, but are rare today. Early usage of this term was noted as being peculiar to New York state. Hay barracks were used in much of Europe and parts of colonial America, but were very common in the Netherlands, where they are called hooiberg or kapberg . Other names for these structures in
98-431: The U.K. are Dutch barn and helm (from Old English helm , Proto-Germanic helmaz and helmet : a protective covering). Barracks often have four posts but can have as few as one to as many as twelve posts. The hay may be piled on the ground or there may be a storeroom at ground level and the hay is stacked on top of the room. The posts are set into the ground called post in ground construction. This construction keeps
112-446: The harvest season, the Loo acted as a shed for wagons. Another feature is the thatched roof , often 15 or 20 metres high, under which hay for the winter was stored. Where coastal defences were inadequate, haubargs were built on artificial mounds, called warfts , to protect them against flooding during storm surges . Until the 18th century, haubargs were built in an east-west direction, then, mostly for representational reasons, in
126-409: The house was resistant to the forces of nature, especially storms and their associated surges . Even if a storm surge collapses the walls, the posts will still support the roof. The basic structure of the house remains undamaged. This design also simplified the renovation of the walls, which began to 'salt out' after about 100 years and had to be replaced. The four posts in the centre of a Haubarg form
140-556: The other two. Post in ground was one of the timber construction methods used for French colonial structures in New France ; it was called poteaux-en-terre. The Japanese also used a type of earthfast construction until the eighteenth century, which they call Hottate-bashira (literally "embedded pillars"). The Dogon people in Africa use post in ground construction for their toguna , community gathering places typically located in
154-444: The posts stable without needing bracing. The roof is typically thatched and lightly framed to limit the weight. The posts often have holes to place pins at various levels as the height of hay pile changes. The roof is raised and lowered by hand. More modern versions may have cables on winches on each post so the roof is easier to move. Post in ground A post in ground construction, also called earthfast or hole-set posts ,
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#1732798362086168-458: The so-called Pesel , which could even be heated, whereas the farm labourers were only kept warm by the cattle and the stored straw and hay. The hay, which gave this type of house its name, was kept above the Boos , whilst grain was stored over the living area of the house. Before being threshed, sheaves from the harvest were stacked above the Loo on a sort of slatted floor ( Spaltenboden ). Outside
182-475: The vicinity of Witzwort . In addition to a restaurant, it houses a museum in its historic rooms which offers an insight into the life and work of its former owners. The Tofthof in Westerhever is one of the few haubargs, that has been used for farming since 2005. The sociologist, Ferdinand Tönnies , was born in the haubarg of Die Riep near Oldenswort . Hay barrack A hay barrack (haybarrack)
196-488: Was very expensive to maintain. As a result, most farmers have moved into other buildings to continue farming. The haubargs have mostly been sold to other, non-local owners, who preserve the exterior appearance, but often carry out major conversions of the interior into other uses. Some haubargs in private hands may be viewed from inside as well. The best known historic haubarg is the Roter Haubarg , with 99 windows, in
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