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47-628: Although it was not as recognized nationally as the Øreting in Trøndelag , Haugating did play an important role in the history of Norway as a site for the proclamation of kings. At various times, Harald Gille , Sigurd Magnusson , Magnus Erlingsson and Jon Kuvlung were all proclaimed there to be contenders to the throne of Norway. Haugating was seated in Tønsberg at Haugar (from the Old Norse word haugr meaning hill or burial mound). During

94-571: A common law, and an early parliament or thing . It was called Frostating and was held at the Frosta -peninsula. By some, this is regarded as the first real democracy . In the time after Håkon Grjotgardsson (838-900), Trøndelag was ruled by the Jarl of Lade . Lade is located in the eastern part of Trondheim , bordering the Trondheimsfjord . The powerful Jarls of Lade continued to play

141-493: A diverse range of topics such as enforcing correct Christian practice (including the banning of blót and other aspects of Old Nordic religion), whaling rights, weregild and inheritance. Violence was dealt with by fines, which were imposed not only on the murderer, but also on his relatives—a practice that distinguishes Old Norse law from the Roman practice of holding only the individual responsible. Homicide of an heir to

188-462: A fair amount of meat. Interest in the breed tapered off in the 1970s, and the population was as low as 40 specimens in the 1990s. The population in 2017 was around 80 specimens.f Gulating Gulating ( Old Norse : Gulaþing ) was one of the four ancient popular assemblies or things ( lagting ) of medieval Norway . Historically, it was the site of court and assembly for most of Western Norway , and assembled at Gulen . It functioned as

235-598: A judicial and legislative body, resolving disputes and establishing laws. Gulating, along with Norway's three other ancient regional assemblies, the Borgarting , Eidsivating , and Frostating , were joined into a single jurisdiction during the late 13th century, when King Magnus the Lawmender had the existing body of law put into writing. The Gulating was an annual parliamentary assembly which took place in Gulen, on

282-513: A small elite. The laws were typically crafted as social contracts . §35 for instance states, "None of us shall take goods from others, or take the law into our own hands". The laws also applied for every person inside the Gulaþingslǫg , which was the jurisdiction of the assembly. The assembly served as the model for the establishment of the legislative assemblies of Iceland (the Althing ) and of

329-451: A thousand years back in time. The practice of periodic regional assemblies of leading men predates recorded history, and was firmly established at the time of the unification of Norway into a single kingdom (900–1030). When Norway was united as a kingdom, the four independent lagting – Frostating, Gulating, Eidsivating, and Borgarting – were the most supreme bodies of law, acting as both legislative assemblies and courts. They provided

376-662: A very significant political role in Norway up to 1030. Jarls of Lade ( Ladejarl ) were: Trøndelag (together with parts of Møre og Romsdal ) was briefly ceded in 1658 to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde and was ruled by king Charles X until it was returned to Denmark-Norway after the Treaty of Copenhagen in 1660. During that time, the Swedes conscripted 2,000 men in Trøndelag, forcing young boys down to 15 years of age to join

423-460: Is Norway's only full-size speed skating hall north of Hamar . While the hall has never hosted a top level senior ISU Speed Skating World Cup event, it has frequently hosted Norwegian championships and junior world tour events. The final two stages of the 2022 Arctic Race of Norway were held within the county, as were the Norwegian road racing championships in 2010, 2017, and 2022. Trondheim

470-457: Is a county and coextensive with the Trøndelag region (also known as Midt-Norge or Midt-Noreg, lit. "Mid-Norway") in the central part of Norway . It was created in 1687, then named Trondhjem County ( Norwegian : Trondhjems Amt ); in 1804 the county was split into Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag by the King of Denmark-Norway , and the counties were reunited in 2018 after a vote of

517-541: Is also the starting point of the Styrkeprøven ≥500km endurance road race held most years since 1967, which heads down European route E6 through Trøndelag until Hjerkinn , after which point the race heads down to Oslo or just north of Oslo. Hitra and Frøya compete in the Island Games , though Norwegian press coverage outside the islands about their participations are virtually non-existent. Trøndelag

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564-407: Is called a trønder . The dialect spoken in the area, trøndersk , is characterized by dropping out most vowel endings; see apocope . Trøndelag is one of the most fertile regions of Norway, with large agricultural output. The majority of the production ends up in the Norwegian cooperative system for meat and milk, but farm produce is a steadily growing business. The Old Norse form of the name

611-483: Is covered with fertile lands, especially the lowlands surrounding the Korsfjord, Trondheimsfjord, Borgenfjord, and Beitstadfjord. Trøndelag is the third largest county in Norway by agricultural land with its 1789sqkm, and has the second highest meat-output with a total of almost 75 000 tonnes in 2022. The county also houses the most milking-cows, and thereby has the highest milk output, with Steinkjer Kommune producing

658-539: Is governed by the Trøndelag County Municipality . The town of Steinkjer is the seat of the county governor and county administration. However, both the county governor and Trøndelag County Municipality also have offices in Trondheim. The county oversees the 41 upper secondary schools , including nine private schools. Six of the schools have more than 1000 students: four in Trondheim plus

705-621: Is one of the regions in Norway with the largest climatic variation - from the oceanic climate with mild and wetter winters along the coast to the very cold winters in the southeast inland highlands, where Røros is the only place in southern and central Norway to have recorded −50 °C (−58 °F). The first overnight freeze (temperature below −0 °C (32 °F) in autumn on average is August 24th in Røros, October 9th at Trondheim Airport Værnes, and as late as November 20th at Sula in Frøya. Most of

752-422: Is served mixed with coffee to create a drink called karsk . The strength of the coffee varies, often on a regional basis. The mixing proportions also depend on the strength of the spirit with more coffee being used for spirit with higher alcohol content. In southern regions, people tend to use strong filter coffee, while in the north they typically serve karsk with as weak coffee as possible. The "official dish" of

799-496: Is situated. The highest mountain is the 1,985-metre (6,512 ft) tall Storskrymten, which is located in the county border between Møre og Romsdal, Innlandet and Trøndelag. North of the Trondheimsfjord is the large Fosen peninsula, where Ørland Municipality is at its southwestern tip. Several valleys runs north or west to meet the fjord, with a river at its centre, such as Meldal, Gauldal, Stjørdal, Verdal. Further north

846-718: Is the long Namdalen with the largest river, Namsen , and Namsos is situated where the river meets the Namsen fjord. The rivers are among the best salmon rivers in Europe, especially Namsen, Gaula, and Orkla. On the northwestern part of the region is the Vikna archipelago with almost 6,000 islands and islets. There are many national parks in the region, including Dovrefjell–Sunndalsfjella National Park , Forollhogna National Park , Skarvan and Roltdalen National Park , Femundsmarka National Park and Børgefjell National Park . Trøndelag

893-592: The Civil war era in Norway (between 1130 and 1240), Tonsberg was one of the area where the Bagler faction and other rebel bands stood strong in the battle against the Birchleg . Several rebel bands hailed their royal subjects from Haugating. A memorial stone was erected on the site during 1954. Haugar Vestfold Art Museum ( Haugar Vestfold Kunstmuseum ) is located at the site of the former Haugating. The museum opened to

940-646: The Steinkjer Upper Secondary School and the Ole Vig Upper Secondary School in Stjørdalshalsen . The county has ten Folk high schools , with an eleventh folk high school being possibly being opened in Røros, with a possible start in 2019. The county is often sub-divided into several geographical regions: There are ten towns/cities in Trøndelag, plus the "mining town" of Røros. Along the coast in

987-462: The 11th century. It is thought that the breed is a fork of Spanish Merino sheep brought to Norway by monks during the 1500s. This theory has little written evidence to support it, which may be explained by Spains monopoly on Merino sheep until the 1800s, and export of the breed was punishable by death. Another theory is that the fine wool-features come from Moroccan sheep that were left on some islands outside Frøya. The presence of Moroccan sheep on Tarva

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1034-610: The Faroe Islands (the Løgting ), areas settled by people from western Norway. The Older Gulating Law is the oldest record of Norwegian law and was possibly first created during the reign of Olaf the Peaceful (1066–1093). The laws were amended and expanded over time, and it is likely that some parts of it would have existed in heathen oral tradition at least as far back as the 10th century. The law remained in force until it

1081-579: The Swedish armies fighting against Poland and Brandenburg . Charles X feared the Trønders would rise against their Swedish occupiers, and thought it wise to keep a large part of the men away. Only about one-third of the men ever returned to their homes; some of them were forced to settle in the then Swedish Duchy of Estonia , as the Swedes thought it would be easier to rule the Trønders there, utilising

1128-482: The ancient maxim of divide and rule . In the fall of 1718, during the Great Northern War , General Carl Gustaf Armfeldt was ordered by king Charles XII of Sweden to lead a Swedish army of 10,000 men into Trøndelag to take Trondheim. Because of his poor supply lines back to Sweden, Armfeldt's army had to live off the land, causing great suffering to the people of the region. Armfeldt's campaign failed:

1175-423: The defenders of Trondheim succeeded in repelling his siege. After Charles XII was killed in the siege of Fredriksten in Norway's southeast, Armfeldt was ordered back into Sweden. During the ensuing retreat, his 6,000 surviving threadbare and starving Caroleans were caught in a fierce blizzard . Thousands of Caroleans froze to death in the Norwegian mountains, and hundreds more were crippled for life. The county

1222-419: The first element has a stem form without umlaut . The county and national governments have also approved a Southern Sami name for the county: Trööndelage . When it is used with the word for county, it is Trööndelagen fylhke . People have lived in this region for thousands of years. In the early iron-age Trøndelag was divided into several petty kingdoms called fylki . The different fylki had

1269-589: The former premises of Tønsberg Navigation School ( Tønsberg Navigasjonsskole ). The building was built 1918-1921 and designed by architects Andreas Bjercke and Georg Eliassen . Their design was awarded the Houen Foundation Award in 1925. The building is adorned with twelve caryatid which were created by the sculptor Wilhelm Rasmussen between 1920 and 1922. Tr%C3%B8ndelag Trøndelag ( Urban East Norwegian: [ˈtrœ̂ndəˌlɑːɡ] ; or Trööndelage   ( Southern Sami )

1316-520: The institutional and legal framework for subsequent legislative and judicial bodies, and remain in operation today as superior regional courts. Initially the Gulating was an ' allting ' or common assembly, where all free farmers had the right to participate. Snorri Sturlason ’s Heimskringla recounts that Haakon the Good (935–961) took an active part in the assemblies at Gulen, and under his rule

1363-401: The internationally acclaimed Trondheim Symphony Orchestra , Trondheim Soloists , Olavsfestdagene and Trondheim Chamber Music Festival . The region is popularly known for its moonshine homebrew , called heimbrent or heimert. Although officially prohibited, the art of producing as pure homemade spirits as possible still has a strong following in parts of Trøndelag. Traditionally the spirit

1410-455: The last days of Saint Olaf . Jazz on a very high level is frequently heard in Trondheim, due to the high-level jazz education in Trondheim at Institutt for musikk (NTNU) . Trondheim is also the national centre of rock music; the popular music museum Rockheim opened there in 2010. Trøndelag is known for its local variety of rock music, often performed in local dialect, called "trønderrock". Several institutions are nationally funded, including

1457-432: The lowland areas near the fjords have a humid continental climate (or oceanic if -3C is used as winter threshold), while the most oceanic areas along the coast have a temperate oceanic climate with all monthly means above 0 °C (32 °F). The inland valleys, hills, and highlands below the treeline have a boreal climate with cold winters and shorter summers, but still with potential for warm summer temperatures. Above

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1504-492: The most. In 2018 Trøndelag was the largest provider of beef, chicken, milk and eggs, outputting 21.1% of all milk production, and 18.9% of all beef, 28.7% of all chicken, 23.5% of all eggs, 13.2% of cereals and 23.2% of all hay produced in Norway. Trøndelag is very much a rural county, housing merely 8.7% of Norway's population. Trøndelag is the origin of multiple animal breeds, the best known being Grey Troender sheep and Sided Troender cattle (STN). Sided Troender cattle , as

1551-463: The name implies, is a white cow with coloured sides. It is based on "Rørosfe" from the Røros area, but later merged with the less standardized Nordland cattle. Together they are viewed as one breed with roots in both Trøndelag and Nordland, and has been since the 1920s. The breed standards are based on the original Trønder standards rather than the looser Nordland standards, with some cows being red, prioritizing black sides on hornless white cows. These are

1598-402: The population had grown to 1200, whereof 500 are fertile ewes, distributed among 35 herds, and efforts are being made to revive the breed..The Committee on Farm Animal Genetic Resources has collected and frozen 3500 sperm-samples for future breeding. Troender Rabbit (Trønderkanin) Is the only domestic Norwegian breed of rabbit. The breed was very popular during WWII as it grew fast and provided

1645-406: The public 1995 and since 2009 has been associated with Vestfold Museum ( Vestfoldmuseene ). This is an art museum with exhibitions principally featuring Norwegian contemporary art. The museum features works by Odd Nerdrum and Frans Widerberg as well as works by Kjartan Slettemark among others. The museum is associated with Vestfold Museum ( Vestfoldmuseene ). Haugar Vestfold Art Museum took over

1692-707: The region is sodd which is made from diced sheep or beef meat and meatballs in boiled stock. Association football and handball are widely played and watched throughout the county. As of 26 January 2024, teams in tier 1 through 3 in men's football include Rosenborg BK , Ranheim Fotball , Levanger FK , IL Stjørdals-Blink , and Strindheim IL . Tier 1 through 3 in women's football include Rosenborg BK Kvinner , KIL/Hemne , and Tiller IL . In men's handball, tier 1 and 2 include Kolstad Håndball , Melhus IL , and Charlottenlund SK , while in women's handball, tier 1 and 2 include Byåsen HE and Levanger Håndballklubb . Fosenhallen outside Botngård in southwestern Fosen ,

1739-430: The regions of Rogaland , Agder and Sunnmøre were brought into the area covered by the thing, with Valdres and Hallingdal also being incorporated later. Special legislation, Gulatingslova (the Gulating law), was drafted to aid the discussions. While the Gulating was not a democratic assembly in the modern sense of an elected body, it effectively represented the interests of a large number of people rather than

1786-476: The southwest are the largest islands in Norway south of the Arctic Circle, including Hitra and Frøya . The broad and long Trondheimsfjord is a main feature, and the lowland surrounding the fjord are among the most important agricultural areas in Norway. In the far south is the mountain ranges Dovrefjell and Trollheimen , and in the southeast is highlands and mountain plateaus, and this is where Røros

1833-487: The traits most reminiscing of the old "Rørosfe". Red Troender cattle is a now extinct breed based on the Scottish Ayrshire cattle. This domestic breed of horned red cows was mixed into extinction in the 1960s, and is now succeeded by Norwegian Red Cattle (NRF). Tautra sheep (Tautersau) was a breed of sheep from the island Tautra, which was and still is heavily populated by monks, who have held sheep since

1880-734: The treeline is alpine tundra . There are 38 municipalities in Trøndelag. Kristiansund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal held a referendum on 17 January 2022 on whether to move from Møre og Romsdal to Trøndelag, which was rejected; 36.77% voted to move, while 63.23% voted to stay. Similar referendums were hosted and rejected the preceding autumn in Aure on 13 September 2021 (45% to move, 51% to stay), and in Smøla on 26 September 2021 (27.24% to move, 70.23% to stay). Bindal Municipality in Nordland

1927-432: The two counties in 2016. The largest city in Trøndelag is the city of Trondheim . The administrative centre is Steinkjer , while Trondheim functions as the office of the county mayor. Both cities serve the office of the county governor; however, Steinkjer houses the main functions. Trøndelag county and the neighbouring Møre og Romsdal county together form what is known as Central Norway . A person from Trøndelag

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1974-454: The west coast of Norway north of Bergen , from approximately 900 to 1300 CE and was one of the oldest and largest parliamentary assemblies in medieval Norway. The assembly site was established early in the 10th century and the original legislative area covered the regions of Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane . The Gulatinget Millennium Site is a symbol of the history of this Norwegian representative form of parliament, with traditions reaching over

2021-427: Was Þrǿndalǫg . The first element is the genitive plural of þrǿndr which means "person from Trøndelag", while the second is lǫg (plural of lag which means "law; district/people with a common law" (compare Danelaw , Gulaþingslǫg and Njarðarlǫg ). A parallel name for the same district was Þróndheimr which means "the homeland ( heim ) of the þrǿndr ". Þróndheimr may be older since

2068-427: Was documented in 1757, and they are thought to have been brought inland. What is known for certain is that Hertfordshire Ryelander rams were imported in the late 1700s to mate with the local Tautra sheep. The Norwegian government held a breeding station on Edøy, that was laid to waste by invading forces during WWII. Despite a couple of decentralized breeding stations the population was too low, and to prevent inbreeding it

2115-462: Was mixed, amongst others with Old Norwegian Sheep, to improve the quality of other breeds. Grey Troender sheep is an endangered domesticated breed counting only 50 specimens in the year 2000. The crossbreeding to create the Grey Troender started in the late 1800s with heavy influence from Old Norwegian Sheep and Tautra Sheep. To protect this breed the government subsidises breeders. By 2011

2162-585: Was originally decreed by Stortinget on 8 June 2017 to become part of Nærøysund (and thus become part of Trøndelag), but the decision was reversed after another hearing on 21 November 2017, well in advance of Nærøysund becoming a municipality on 1 January 2020. The region's official theatre is the Trøndelag Teater in Trondheim. At Stiklestad in Verdal , the historical play called The Saint Olav Drama has been played each year since 1954. It depicts

2209-683: Was replaced by the Younger Gulating Law in 1267 which in turn lasted until 1274 when Magnus the Lawmender imposed his "Law of the Realm", which incorporated 130 chapters from the Gulating Law. The Older Gulating Law is preserved in seventeen manuscripts with the most complete being DonVar 137 4to, also known as Codex Rantzovianus , which dates to around 1260 and is kept at the Danish Royal Library . The law covers

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