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107-472: The Haunted Tank was created by writer and editor Robert Kanigher and artist Russ Heath in G.I. Combat #87 (May 1961). The feature centers on the ghost of 19th-century Confederate general J. E. B. Stuart , who is sent by the spirit of Alexander the Great to act as a guardian over his two namesakes, Lieutenant Jeb Stuart (named Jeb Stuart Smith in the early stories, eventually shortened to Jeb Stuart) and

214-721: A Lost Nightmare" in Iron Man #44 (Jan. 1972) and "Running for Love" in Our Love Story #19 (Oct. 1972). Kanigher returned as writer-editor of the Wonder Woman title with issue #204 (Jan.–Feb. 1973) and restored the character's powers and traditional costume. In 1974, drawing on a classic novel , he introduced Rima the Jungle Girl to the DC Universe in her own title. Kanigher and Kubert created Ragman in

321-463: A couple, the return of Speedy as Arsenal, and the resurrection of Raven as a villain. Following Zero Hour: Crisis in Time! , the series saw a revamp: Nightwing was removed from the series by Batman editorial and a roster of new young heroes such as Damage and Impulse were inserted into the team to try and renew interest, along with Team Titan survivors Mirage and Terra II. New Green Lantern Kyle Rayner

428-536: A couple. The initial storyline, "The Terror of Trigon", featured Raven's demon father attempting to take over Earth and Raven's own struggle to remain good despite Trigon's demonic blood inside her. Pérez left the series after issue #5. José Luis García-López followed Pérez as the title's artist and Eduardo Barreto followed García-López. Paul Levitz scripted or fully wrote issues #28-33 in order to give Wolfman time to catch up on his writing after he fell behind by taking on Crisis on Infinite Earths and History of

535-710: A feature created by Kanigher and Andru in Star Spangled War Stories #90 (May 1960). The Kanigher-Andru pairing co-created the Metal Men in Showcase #37 (March–April 1962). Kanigher also created other popular action series features, such as " Enemy Ace ", " The Losers ", and The Unknown Soldier . He and artist Russ Heath created the " Haunted Tank " feature, and the Sea Devils series. Several of Kanigher's characters were combined into

642-693: A five-issue miniseries from Vertigo , written by Frank Marraffino, with art by Henry Flint . The new series is set during Operation Iraqi Freedom, and features General J.E.B. Stuart becoming the guardian of an M1 Abrams , commanded by the General's descendant, the African-American Sergeant Jamal Stuart, who (at least initially) does not take kindly to the ghost's outmoded attitudes and language concerning his race. The Haunted Tank appears in Batman: The Brave and

749-529: A full army of villains called the Wildebeest Society and revealed to be a front for the remaining members of the supervillain group the H.I.V.E. The group fell under the control of Titan Jericho, who in turn was being possessed by the corrupted souls of Azarath. During the "Titans Hunt" storyline that followed (#71–84), Cyborg was destroyed and rebuilt, along with being lobotomized; Danny Chase and Arella (Raven's mother) were killed and resurrected as

856-454: A genuine hit until its 1980s revival as The New Teen Titans under writer Marv Wolfman and artist George Pérez . This run depicted the original Titans now as young adults and introduced new characters Cyborg (Victor Stone) , Starfire (Koriand'r) , and Raven (Rachel Roth) , as well as the former Doom Patrol member Beast Boy (Garfield Logan) under his new alias of Changeling, who would all become enduring fan favorites. A high point for

963-461: A new #1 following the release of Tales of the Teen Titans #44 and Annual #3, the conclusion of the "Judas Contract" storyline. After both titles ran new stories for one year, with Tales of the Teen Titans #45–58 taking place prior to the events of The New Teen Titans (vol. 2) #1, and a filler issue reprinting a digest-only story and the original preview story from DC Comics Presents #26,

1070-411: A new team of Titans, anchored by Robin, Wonder Girl, and Kid Flash and soon followed by The New Teen Titans #1 (November 1980). The series, created by writer Marv Wolfman and artist George Pérez , re-introduced Beast Boy as Changeling and introduced the machine man Cyborg, the alien Starfire, and the dark empath Raven. Raven, an expert manipulator, forms the group to fight her demonic father Trigon

1177-540: A precursor of the future DC Comics , as a scripter in 1945, and was quickly promoted to editor. He wrote the " Justice Society of America " feature in All Star Comics , the " Hawkman " feature in Flash Comics , and Green Lantern . Kanigher edited Wonder Woman starting in 1948 to issue #176 (May–June 1968). A year after Wonder Woman creator William Moulton Marston died in 1947, Kanigher became

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1284-539: A psychopathic girl named Terra with the power to manipulate Earth and all Earth-related materials. She infiltrates the Titans in order to destroy them. "The Judas Contract" won the Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Award for "Favorite Comic Book Story" of 1984 and was later reprinted as a standalone trade paperback in 1988. Robin adopts the identity of Nightwing , while Wally West gives up his Kid Flash persona and quits

1391-443: A result, the Teen Titans briefly abandoned their identities to work as ordinary civilians, but the effort was quickly abandoned. Along the way, Aqualad left the series and the character of Mr. Jupiter, who was Lilith's mentor and employer, was introduced. He financially backed the Titans for a brief period. The series was canceled with #43 (January–February 1973). The series resumed with issue #44 (November 1976). The stories included

1498-662: A single feature titled " The Losers ". Their first appearance as a group was with the Haunted Tank crew in G.I. Combat #138 (Oct.–Nov. 1969). In the late 1950s and 1960s, Kanigher had a hand in creating many other characters, including the Viking Prince , Balloon Buster, and the Batman villain Poison Ivy . Among fellow comic creators, Kanigher was as well known for his unstable personality and violent temper as he

1605-535: A three issue miniseries entitled Titans/Young Justice: Graduation Day , which saw Lilith's death and Donna Troy sent to another world after seemingly dying, along with the disbanding of the 1998–2002 Titans roster and the Young Justice team. The relaunch came on the heels of the debut of the Teen Titans cartoon on Cartoon Network and reflected DC Comics chief executive Dan DiDio's desire to rehabilitate

1712-819: Is a "Northerner" who met his crew at the Fort Nelson Tank Training Center in the South. Initially, the crew is upset that Jeb has the same name as the Confederate General Jeb Stuart and they demand that the Northerner change his name. After showing his quality by fighting all the men individually, the crew decide he has "earned" the name. The original crew consists of Jeb as tank commander; Arch Asher, loader; Rick Rawlins, gunner; and Slim Stryker, driver. General Stuart's ghost does not initially care for his assignment, but

1819-512: Is capable of speeds up to 21 m.p.h. Following a disastrous mission engineered to rescue the son of their commanding officer, General Norton, from a German administrated POW camp (based on the Task Force Baum incident ), the crew of the Haunted Tank find themselves stranded behind enemy lines and spend several issues fighting their way back to the front. During this, they pick up Gus Gray, an African American soldier who had escaped from

1926-449: Is impressed with the fighting spirit of Jeb and his crew. Jeb flies a Confederate rather than a Union flag on his "haunted" tank. Jeb, however, is the only one who can see or hear the General. His crew thinks he is crazy, but continue to follow his leadership as he has solid tactical expertise (brought about through his consultations with the General, who usually gives him cryptic hints of future events) and rarely fails in his missions. As

2033-554: Is ineffectual. The original Haunted Tank makes a guest appearance in the 2008 Vertigo miniseries Sgt. Rock: The Lost Battalion , set in October 1944, with Rick, Slim and Jeb (named as Jeb Stuart Smith once more). Arch is still alive at this point, but is said to be wounded and does not appear. The Haunted Tank was called "This here genuine piece of modern American firepower" to the Narrator, William J. Kilroy, who draws some " Kilroy

2140-592: Is invited to train, but the two eventually leave, with the members joining the Justice League of America and Justice League International, respectively. The Titans fight the future, evil adult versions of the group ( Titans Tomorrow ) and Clock King and the Terror Titans, who are part of Darkseid's underground fight club for metahumans. After the Batman R.I.P storyline, Robin leaves and Wonder Girl leads

2247-535: Is killed by German snipers and Jeb, with the general's advice, uses the Sherman's gun to take them down. At the end of the story, it is revealed that Lt. Sherman was himself being guided by William T. Sherman and the two ghost generals discuss the situation. Another G.I. Combat relaunch features a story where Jeb Stuart, now a grandfather, tries to rescue his grandson, Scott Stuart, and Scott's fellow soldiers, from armed captors. The Haunted Tank returned in 2008 as

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2354-533: Is named Kanigher Falls. In 2014, Kanigher was posthumously recognized with the Bill Finger Award . Titans West The Teen Titans are a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , frequently in eponymous monthly series. As the group's name indicates, the members are teenage superheroes, many of whom have acted as sidekicks to DC's premier superheroes in

2461-530: Is promoted to general after the war, but no mention is made of what happened to the others. The story also revealed that Stuart becomes the godfather of Richard Rodgers Flag , whose father led the World War II version of the Squad. Rick Flag subsequently leads the second and third incarnations of the Squad, and Stuart is instrumental in helping Amanda Waller in the formation of the Squad's third incarnation in

2568-453: Is restored via magic. They work together to stop demonic Nazis that are rampaging through Texas. All the enemy forces are destroyed and the tank is left covered in the desert sands. The Haunted Tank and its original crew also appear in the 1999 supernatural " Day of Judgment " crossover in Anarky . In this issue, they fight demonic forces in the form of historical entities who wish to overthrow

2675-603: Is teaching American History at Calvin College (where the Golden Age Atom studied) and says he has not spoken to the General in years. This story reveals Jeb has maintained a friendship with several other World War II veterans. A G.I. Combat one-shot was published in 2010, featuring the Haunted Tank. In this story, set in 1944 during the liberation of France, Jeb Stuart and his team have a friendly rivalry with Lieutenant Billy Sherman, who commands an M4 Sherman. Sherman

2782-469: The gestalt being Phantasm (an identity created by Chase early in the series); while Raven, Jericho, and obscure Titans ally Golden Eagle were killed. New character Pantha (based on plans for a female Wildcat character Wolfman conceived in the mid-'80s) joined the team, along with Deathstroke and Red Star. Deathstroke was also given his own solo book and the team received its first crossover tie-in since Millennium , with The New Titans #81 being part of

2889-748: The Black Lantern Corps . In the Titans: Blackest Night miniseries, an emergency team consisting of Donna Troy, Cyborg, Wonder Girl, Starfire, Beast Boy, Kid Flash and the new Hawk and Dove , is formed to defend the Tower. In the ensuing battle, the Hawk is killed after her predecessor Hank Hall tears her heart out. At the end of the Blackest Knight crossover, Hank Hall is resurrected and resumes his partnership with Dove. In

2996-636: The Justice League . The original team later becomes known as the Titans when the members age out of their teenage years, while the Teen Titans name is continued by subsequent generations of young heroes. First appearing in 1964 in The Brave and the Bold #54, the team was formed by Kid Flash (Wally West) , Robin (Dick Grayson) , and Aqualad (Garth) before adopting the name Teen Titans in issue 60 with

3103-652: The M3 Stuart he commands. The Haunted Tank was often the cover feature of G.I. Combat and was second only to Sgt. Rock as DC Comics ' longest-running war series. An origin story in G.I. Combat #114 reveals that, at the time of the ghost's arrival, Jeb is a sergeant in the United States Army who commands a Stuart tank fighting with the Allies in the North African Campaign . Jeb

3210-548: The Millennium crossover event, with the second issue being the coda for the event. The series failed to catch on and was cancelled in 1988, along with Tales of the Teen Titans . The Team Titans were one of 100 groups sent back through time to prevent the birth of Lord Chaos , the son of Donna Troy and Terry Long. Their mission was to kill the pregnant Troy before she could give birth. Mirage , Killowat , Redwing, Terra , Nightrider , Prestor Jon and Battalion made up

3317-483: The "War of the Gods" storyline. Peterson also saw the launch of Team Titans , which featured a new genetically modified (and heroic) doppelganger of Terra and Donna Troy, who was depowered in the "Total Chaos" crossover. Peterson left the book before "Total Chaos" concluded, leaving Wolfman to deal with the fallout from Peterson's editorially mandated storylines, including the final break-up between Starfire and Nightwing as

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3424-404: The "big five" DC Comics' war titles: G.I. Combat , Our Army at War , Our Fighting Forces , All-American Men of War , and Star Spangled War Stories . His creation of Sgt. Rock with Joe Kubert is considered one of his most memorable contributions to the medium. Comics historian Bill Schelly noted that "Kanigher's scripts were built on well-orchestrated dramatic sequences, with

3531-526: The 1980s. The now-elderly General Stuart next appears in Suicide Squad #49–50, seeking the Squad's help to rescue Flag's only son, who has been kidnapped. Since Flag has been revealed in 2007's miniseries Suicide Squad: Raise the Flag to have been a false identity implanted in a soldier named Anthony Miller, Stuart's true role in Flag's background has become unclear. In Hawk and Dove Annual #1 (1990),

3638-432: The Bold #5. Robert Kanigher Robert Kanigher ( / ˈ k æ n ɪ ɡ ər / ; June 18, 1915 – May 7, 2002) was an American comic book writer and editor whose career spanned five decades. He was involved with the Wonder Woman franchise for over twenty years, taking over the scripting from creator William Moulton Marston . In addition, Kanigher spent many years in charge of DC Comics 's war titles and created

3745-491: The Bold #54 (July 1964) by writer Bob Haney and artist Bruno Premiani . They appeared under the name "Teen Titans" in The Brave and the Bold #60 (July 1965), joined by Wonder Woman's younger sister Wonder Girl (Donna Troy). After being featured in Showcase #59 (December 1965), the Teen Titans were spun off into their own series with Teen Titans #1 by Haney and artist Nick Cardy . The series' original premise had

3852-597: The DC Universe . Pérez temporarily returned with issue #50, when the series took the name The New Titans without the "Teen" prefix, as the characters were no longer teenagers. Issue #50 told a new origin story for Wonder Girl, her link to Wonder Woman having been severed due to retcons created in the aftermath of Crisis on Infinite Earths . Pérez sketched through issues #55, 57 and 60, while only providing layouts for issues #58–59 and 61, with artist Tom Grummett finishing pencils and Bob McLeod as inker. Pérez remained as cover inker to issues #62–67. He would return for

3959-451: The General's ghost helps out the heroes Hawk and Dove and their team Titans West to escape Hell and a team of deceased supervillains . The tank and its original crew briefly appear in #46–47 of The Demon , although Stuart's crew members are inexplicably given the names of Arch Stanton, Rick Parsons and Slim Kilkenny. The crew and the Demon retrieve the tank from a military warehouse and it

4066-591: The Haunted Tank fights from Africa to the European Theater of Operations , the crew goes through several M3 tanks. When their latest M3 is destroyed, the crew scavenge spare parts and wreckage from a "tank graveyard" to build themselves a new tank, known as the "Jigsaw Tank", which serves them from that point. This tank has a modified Russian T-34 hull, a Christie suspension system and a Russian Y2 12-cylinder diesel engine of 500 H.P. The nearly 15-foot track gives this rolling jigsaw puzzle excellent traction and it

4173-534: The New Teen Titans , a four-part limited series by Wolfman and Pérez, was published in 1982, detailing the back-stories of Cyborg, Raven, Changeling, and Starfire. Wolfman wrote a series of New Teen Titans drug awareness comic books which were published in cooperation with The President's Drug Awareness Campaign in 1983–1984. The first was pencilled by Pérez and sponsored by the Keebler Company ,

4280-535: The Outsiders were the first and only titles included in this program. The same stories were published twice, first in a more expensive edition with higher-quality printing and paper distributed exclusively to comic book specialty stores, then republished a year later in the original format, distributed to newsstands. The title was renamed Tales of the Teen Titans with issue #41, while a new concurrently published series named The New Teen Titans (vol. 2) launched with

4387-621: The President. The story ends before the battle does. Jeb Stuart lies between life and death, becoming a spirit guide to his granddaughter, Lieutenant Jennifer Stuart. Jen Stuart operates an advanced tank, the Cyber-Command Assault Vehicle, which becomes the new Haunted Tank. Jeb reflects on how his situation compares to the ghost of the General. The two assist the superhero group The Power Company in defeating an inter-dimensional menace that had been planning to conquer

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4494-551: The Teen Titans helping teenagers and answering calls. Comics historian Les Daniels noted that Haney "took some ribbing for the writing style that described the Teen Titans as 'the Cool Quartet' or 'the Fab Foursome'. The attempt to reach the youth culture then embracing performers like The Beatles and Bob Dylan impressed some observers." Green Arrow's sidekick Speedy makes guest appearances before officially joining

4601-541: The Teen Titans were front and center during the build-up and events of the Infinite Crisis crossover. During the lead-in of the crossover, Donna Troy came back in a four-part crossover miniseries with The Outsiders called "The Return of Donna Troy" while Superboy and Cassie Sandsmark became a couple. During Infinite Crisis, Superboy was killed by his evil doppelganger Superboy Prime, Cyborg was severely damaged by cosmic forces unleashed by Alexander Luthor Jr., Starfire

4708-514: The Teen Titans while the newest three members (replacing Beast Boy, Starfire and Raven) that join the team are Red Arrow (Emiko Queen) , the half-sister of Green Arrow and daughter of the assassin Shado , Crush, the daughter of intergalactic bounty hunter Lobo , Roundhouse, a metahuman with the ability of transforming into a fireball, and Djinn, a powerful 4,000 years old genie. The Teen Titans have been adapted to other media numerous times, such as in

4815-501: The Terrible and the team remains together. Wolfman and Pérez's working relationship quickly evolved to the point where they were plotting the series jointly. Wolfman recalled that "once George moved to the same town I lived in, only five blocks or so away, we usually got together for lunch and would work out a story over the next few hours. In many cases I would then go home and write up a plot based on it, or sometimes George would take

4922-497: The Titans as one of DC's top franchises. Launched at the same time was a companion series, a revived version of The Outsiders which featured Nightwing and Arsenal, along with several other Titans members (Captain Marvel Jr. and Starfire). The series featured several of the main teenage heroes from the Young Justice roster (Robin, Superboy, Wonder Girl, Impulse) and Starfire, Cyborg and Changeling (now rebranded Beast Boy to reflect

5029-457: The Titans purged Raven of evil once again in order to prevent Raven and the revived Citadel Empire from reconquering the Vega star system. The New Teen Titans was widely thought of as DC's answer to the increasingly popular Uncanny X-Men from Marvel Comics , as both series featured all-new members and depicted young heroes from disparate backgrounds whose internal conflicts were as integral to

5136-505: The Titans. It also featured the introduction of a new member in Jericho , Deathstroke's other son. Other notable New Teen Titans stories included "A Day in the Lives...", presenting a day in the team members' personal lives; "Who is Donna Troy?", depicting Robin investigating Wonder Girl's origins; and "We Are Gathered Here Today...", telling the story of Wonder Girl's wedding. Tales of

5243-526: The addition of Wonder Girl (Donna Troy) to their ranks. Over the decades, DC has cancelled and relaunched Teen Titans many times, and a variety of characters have been featured heroes in its pages. Significant early additions to the initial quartet of Titans were Speedy (Roy Harper) , Aquagirl (Tula) , Bumblebee (Karen Beecher) , Hawk (Hank Hall) , Dove (Don Hall) , Harlequin (Duela Dent) , and three non-costumed heroes: boxer Mal Duncan , psychic Lilith , and caveman Gnarrk . The series would not become

5350-463: The animated television series Teen Titans and Teen Titans Go! , and the live-action television series Titans . Within DC Comics, the Teen Titans have been an influential group of characters taking prominent roles in all of the publisher's major company-wide crossover stories. Many villains who face the Titans have since taken on a larger role within the publisher's fictional universe, such as

5457-541: The assassin Deathstroke , the supervillain teams Fearsome Five and Brotherhood of Evil (archenemies of the Doom Patrol), the demon Trigon , the alien villian Blackfire (DC Comics) , the cultist zealot Brother Blood and the evil organization H.I.V.E. . Robin (Dick Grayson), Kid Flash (Wally West) and Aqualad (Garth) team up to defeat a weather-controlling villain known as Mister Twister in The Brave and

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5564-421: The cartoon). Raven later returned to the team, reborn in a new teenage body while Jericho was brought back, having escaped death by possessing and laying dormant inside his father Deathstroke's mind. The series renewed interest in the Titans, but drew sharp complaints due to shifts in the personalities of the various Young Justice characters. Most notably, the decision to have Impulse rebrand himself Kid Flash and

5671-732: The character Sgt. Rock . Kanigher scripted what is considered the first Silver Age comic book story, "Mystery of the Human Thunderbolt!", which introduced the Barry Allen version of the Flash in Showcase #4 (Oct. 1956). Kanigher was born in New York City, the third of Ephraim and Rebecca (née Herman) Kanigher's three children. Kanigher's parents were Romanian Jewish immigrants. Kanigher started working part-time when 12 years old to help support his family. "My father

5778-534: The character's abusive attitudes towards her teammates post- Infinite Crisis ), Kid Devil is killed in battle, while Kid Eternity is revealed to have been beaten to death by the Calculator after being kidnapped by him. J. T. Krul became the writer with issue #88 and penciler Nicola Scott became the book's artist. The issue's teaser shows a line-up of Superboy, Wonder Girl, Raven, Beast Boy, Kid Flash and Ravager. The Titans undergo this roster change in issue #87,

5885-412: The crew until war's end. Later in the war, Slim is also killed in action and older veteran, Bill Craig, replaces him. Craig's son Eddie also joins the crew a few issues later, taking over the loader's position and allowing Gus to act as a second gunner. The feature ended when G.I. Combat was cancelled with issue #288. Secret Origins #14 (1987), featuring the Suicide Squad , reveals that Jeb Stuart

5992-570: The deaths of Terra II and Young Frankenstein. The deaths led to Beast Boy resigning from the team to join the Doom Patrol along with Herald and Bumblebee, while Raven took a leave of absence in order to purge Jericho of the dark forces that were corrupting him. Robin and Wonder Girl eventually rejoined the Titans (now located in San Francisco, California) and helped foil Bombshell's plan to frame Miss Martian as Deathstroke's latest mole in

6099-483: The decision to Jettison his happy-go-lucky person in favor of a more serious personality. The series, under Geoff Johns, also dramatically retconned Superboy's origin with the revelation that he was a hybrid clone based on the combined DNA of Superman and Lex Luthor (a possibility Johns had first suggested in a fan letter published in the Superboy comic book several years before he was employed by DC). Under Geoff Johns,

6206-449: The earth with murder, mayhem and corporate mergers. During the mission, Jen is overcome by severe doubts as she is unsure if her grandfather's tactical advice is real or some sort of hallucination. The advice, like General Sherman's before him, proves sound and the menace is defeated. Jeb is able to talk to General Stuart, ghost to ghost, then recovers, meeting his granddaughter in the hospital room. He plans to reassure her all she experienced

6313-462: The end, the heroes realized that, now that they were in their early 20s, they had outgrown the name the "Teen" Titans. In the last panel, without speaking, they all go their separate ways. The title appeared again in 1999 for Giant Teen Titans Annual #1 (1967) ( ISBN   1-56389-486-6 ), a one-shot special that reprinted selected Silver Age stories in the 1960s-style 80-Page Giant format. DC Comics Presents #26 (October 1980) introduced

6420-426: The final issue before Krul's run. Following a mission to an alternate dimension to rescue Raven, the team splits. Bombshell and Aquagirl are missing in action , Miss Martian is in a coma and she and a powerless Static leave with Cyborg to go to Cadmus Labs in order to find a way to restore his powers. Damian Wayne , the current Robin, is announced as a new team member, officially joining in #89. A series for Static

6527-606: The first issue (Aug.–Sept. 1976) of that character's short-lived ongoing series. Around 1977, Kanigher taught for a year at the Joe Kubert School of Cartoon and Graphic Art . Kanigher was still working for DC into the early 1980s, most notably on the Creature Commandos feature in Weird War Tales . When told the comic was being canceled, Kanigher wrote a one-page Creature Commandos story where

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6634-589: The founding roster, including Solstice (Kiran Singh) , Bunker (Miguel Jose Barragan) , and Skitter (Celine Patterson), although this volume proved commercially and critically disappointing for DC. In 2016, DC used the Titans Hunt and DC Rebirth storylines to re-establish the group's original founding members and history, reuniting these classic heroes as the Titans, while introducing a new generation of Teen Titans led by Robin V (Damian Wayne) with Aqualad II (Jackson Hyde) and Kid Flash III (Wallace West) as

6741-445: The franchise since Perez left after The New Teen Titans (vol. 2) #5. The project was put on hold when it was decided instead to have Perez return to the main book as artist and for their first project back together to be "Who Is Wonder Girl?" instead. Over the course of 1989 and 1990, George Perez and Marv Wolfman continued to work on Games with over half the project being completed. But the ascension of Jonathan Peterson as editor of

6848-446: The globe with Batman and Nightwing. Changeling and Raven attempted to keep the Titans going, resulting in a massive open call membership drive that saw a large number of heroes come and join the roster, which was anchored by Beast Boy and Raven. New members include Miss Martian, Kid Devil, Zachary Zatara, Ravager, Bombshell (who like Terra I, was a traitor working for Deathstroke), Young Frankenstein, and Osiris. During this period, Osiris

6955-433: The interim, Wolfman had rewritten the plot (most notably, changing the original ending where Nightwing personally executes the main villain of the series after his "games" result in the death of longtime Titan ally Sarah Simms and the maiming of Danny Chase) though retained several key details (the death of Simms and Chase losing his hands) and several additional twists (the introduction of a previously unknown sibling of Raven,

7062-430: The introductions of African American superheroine Bumblebee and former supervillainess-turned-superheroine Harlequin in issue #48 and the introduction of the "Teen Titans West" team in issues #50–52 consisting of a number of other teen heroes, including Bat-Girl (Betty Kane) and Golden Eagle . The revival was short-lived and the series was cancelled as of issue #53 (February 1978), which featured an origin story. At

7169-645: The late 1930s and early 1940s, Kanigher also wrote for radio, film, and authored several plays. In 1943 Kanigher wrote How to Make Money Writing, which included a section on comics, making it one of the earliest works on the subject. Kanigher's earliest comics work was in such titles as Fox Feature Syndicate 's Blue Beetle (where he created the Bouncer ), MLJ/Archie Comics 's Steel Sterling and The Web , and Fawcett Comics Captain Marvel Adventures . Kanigher joined All-American Comics ,

7276-506: The leader. Following this, Damian quits the team. The book concluded with a three-part storyline spanning issues #98–100, which saw Superboy-Prime return to destroy the team. A large group of former Titans arrived and the series ultimately ended with Prime trapped in the Source Wall , seemingly for all eternity. The remainder of the issue consisted of pieces of artwork showcasing the various Teen Titans who appeared in that incarnation of

7383-506: The main series, Ravager and Jericho fight their father Deathstroke and the dead members of the Wilson family, resurrected as Black Lanterns. During this time, several back-up stories begin to run in the series: one called "The Coven", starring Black Alice , Zachary Zatara and Traci 13 and later, one starring Ravager. Later storylines involve the corruption of Wonder Girl at the hands of various factors (designed to address complaints about

7490-526: The pages of Titans Secret Files and Origins #2. Between Teen Titans and Titans , a new generation of young heroes formed a team in Young Justice , consisting of Superboy, Robin, Impulse, Wonder Girl , Secret and Arrowette . The two series concluded with the three-issue miniseries Titans/Young Justice: Graduation Day , which led to two new series: Teen Titans and Outsiders . Writer Geoff Johns ' Teen Titans series began in 2003, after

7597-524: The panels around and move some of the balloons from one panel to another?" He started to chew me out in the elevator! "Who the hell do you think you are, changing my stuff? Where do you come off changing my stuff? You don't know anything about this business!" Reuniting with Andru, Kanigher co-created the " Rose & The Thorn " backup feature in Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane #105 (October 1970). Kanigher wrote two stories for Marvel Comics : "Weep for

7704-404: The rest of the team. Believing Wolfman had grown stagnant, DC assigned Wolfman a new editor, Jonathan Peterson, and gave Peterson authority to override Wolfman over the direction of the book. With Peterson controlling the book's direction, the series was rapidly overhauled. The Wildebeest , a villain who used proxies and surrogates to hide his true identity while vexing the Titans, was expanded to

7811-409: The return of Cyborg. This led into Titans , written by Devin K. Grayson , starting with Titans Secret Files and Origins #1 (March 1999). This team consisted of Nightwing, Troia, Arsenal, Tempest, the Flash, Starfire, Cyborg, Changeling, Damage and Argent. One new member, Jesse Quick , joined. This team lasted until issue #50 (2002). The West Coast branch of the team, Titans L.A., appeared once, in

7918-468: The revelation that the main villain was a schizophrenic King Faraday, and the destruction of Titan Tower, that make it impossible to fit into canon, reducing it to an alternate universe side story in Teen Titans lore. Due to fan backlash over the hardcover/softcover move to the direct market with the main title, a new newsstand Titans book was launched in August 1986 called Teen Titans Spotlight . The series

8025-425: The same POW camp. Days later, Arch dies saving them from an exploding suicidal German tank and Gus takes his place in the crew. A new M3 tank is eventually replaced by an M4A1 Sherman tank that sees them through to the end of the war. Despite a story that involves the ghost of General William T. Sherman being assigned to the tank after the crew switches to the Sherman, General Stuart's ghost continues to watch over

8132-481: The second was illustrated by Ross Andru and underwritten by the American Soft Drink Industry , and the third was drawn by Adrian Gonzales and financed by IBM . The New Teen Titans relaunched with a new #1 issue in August 1984 as part of a new initiative at DC informally referred to as "hardcover/softcover". The New Teen Titans along with Legion of Super-Heroes and Batman and

8239-410: The series as was their combat against villains. The two teams met in the 1982 crossover one-shot entitled "Apokolips... Now", which teamed Darkseid , Deathstroke and Dark Phoenix against both teams. The story was written by Chris Claremont and drawn by Walt Simonson and Terry Austin . In 1989, Marv Wolfman and George Perez began planning a prestige format special, their first work together on

8346-514: The series began reprinting the first 31 issues of the "hardcover" series (sans several back-up stories focusing on Tamaran that ran in New Teen Titans #14–18), the first Annual , and the lead story from the second Annual , before being cancelled with issue #91. Issue #1 of The New Teen Titans (vol. 2) created controversy when Grayson and Starfire were depicted in bed together, although it had been established for some time that they were

8453-697: The series both critically and commercially was its " The Judas Contract " storyline, where the Teen Titans are betrayed by their teammate Terra (Tara Markov) . The 1990s featured a Teen Titans team composed entirely of new members before the previous members returned in the series Titans , which ran from the late 1990s to the early 2000s. Subsequent stories in the 2000s introduced a radically different Teen Titans team made up of newer DC Comics sidekicks such as Robin III (Tim Drake) , Wonder Girl II (Cassie Sandsmark) , and Impulse / Kid Flash II (Bart Allen) , as well as Superboy (Kon-El) , some of who had previously featured in

8560-480: The series finale #130 (Feb. 1996) providing cover art. Issues #60 and #61 were part of a five-part crossover with Batman, "A Lonely Place of Dying" and along with issue #65, featured the debut of Tim Drake as the third Robin. The brief return of Perez and the addition of Tom Grummett failed to move sales for the book, which were starting to decline. Furthermore, the addition of Danny Chase (a teenage psychic) drew negative fan response due to his abusive attitude towards

8667-530: The series, and Perez moving off of New Titans in order to work on The Infinity Gauntlet for Marvel led to the book being shelved. In the early '00s, Marv Wolfman and George Perez approached DC about completing the book as a stand-alone graphic novel. The book was completed in 2010 and published in 2011. The plot had the New Titans be forced by King Faraday to go after a mysterious mastermind who forces his victims to play deadly "games" for his amusement. In

8774-454: The similar title Young Justice . Later prominent additions from this era included Miss Martian (M'gann M'orzz) , Ravager (Rose Wilson) , Supergirl (Kara Zor-El) , Kid Devil , and Blue Beetle III (Jaime Reyes) . Concurrently, DC also published Titans , which featured some of the original and 1980s members now as adults, led by Dick Grayson in his adult persona of Nightwing . DC's The New 52 reboot in 2011 later brought new characters to

8881-480: The story's objects not war-time danger and violence, but the impact these events had on the men of Easy Company ." In 1956, DC editor Julius Schwartz assigned Kanigher and Infantino to the company's first attempt at reviving superheroes: an updated version of the Flash that would appear in issue #4 (Oct. 1956) of the try-out series Showcase . The eventual success of the new, science-fiction oriented Flash heralded

8988-455: The stuff ..." That was about the amount of conversation we had. Then one day we were in the elevator together, and he said, "Like the stuff." I, like an innocent fool ... I used to do some adjustments to his pages. If he had a heavy-copy panel, I might take a balloon from one panel and put it in the next. Just because I was distributing space. I was so stupid and naive, I said to him, "It doesn't bother you, does it, that I sometimes switch some of

9095-524: The team and allowed Raven to cleanse Jericho of the Azarathian corruption that had turned him evil. Geoff John's final arc on the series would introduce a new villainous "Titans East" team, led by Deathstroke and Batgirl Cassandra Cain. Soon after, events related to the Countdown story arc impacted the Titans. Duela Dent and Bart Allen are killed; Cyborg leaves, and Supergirl joins and Blue Beetle

9202-547: The team in Teen Titans #19. Aqualad takes a leave of absence from the group in the same issue, but makes several later guest appearances, sometimes with girlfriend Aquagirl . Neal Adams was called upon to rewrite and redraw a Teen Titans story which had been written by Len Wein and Marv Wolfman . The story, titled "Titans Fit the Battle of Jericho!", would have introduced DC's first African American superhero, but

9309-471: The team of military superhumans and himself were rocketed off into space. In 1985, DC Comics named Kanigher as one of the honorees in the company's 50th anniversary publication Fifty Who Made DC Great . Streets and buildings have been named in his honor in several of DC Comics' fictional cities, including Central City and Keystone City . The hometown of Nate Banks in the comic book themed kids' series of novels, The Amazing Adventures of Nate Banks ,

9416-405: The team's latest members alongside team mainstays Starfire, Raven and Beast Boy; while the Titans team from DC Rebirth were composed of Nightwing (Dick Grayson), The Flash III (Wally West) , Wonder Girl (Donna Troy), Tempest (Garth) , Arsenal (Roy Harper), Omen (Lilith Clay) and Bumblebee (Karen Beecher). After the events of Justice League: No Justice, Damian Wayne and Wallace West would remain in

9523-568: The team. Teen Titans was written and penciled by Dan Jurgens . It began in 1996 with a new #1 (October 1996), with Pérez as inker for the first 15 issues. Atom , who had become a teenager following the events of Zero Hour , leads the brand-new team (of Prysm , Joto , Risk and Argent ). Arsenal became a mentor about halfway through and Captain Marvel Junior/ CM3 joins the team. The series ended in September 1998. A contest

9630-576: The team. Red Devil loses his powers after Brother Blood absorbs them. Miss Martian returns with several teen heroes liberated from the Dark Side Club. A new team is formed: Wonder Girl, Blue Beetle and the now-powerless Red Devil are joined by Kid Eternity and Static, with the new Aquagirl, Miss Martian and a reformed Bombshell signing up. During the events of the Blackest Night crossover, some dead Titans are resurrected as members of

9737-503: The time; existing heroes Hawk and Dove , a duo of teenaged superpowered brothers, appear in issue #21; and time-displaced caveman Gnarrk aids the team in two issues. The series explored events such as inner-city racial tension and protests against the Vietnam War . One storyline beginning in issue #25 (February 1970) saw the Titans deal with the accidental death of a peace activist, leading them to reconsider their methods. As

9844-590: The title's writer as well. Kanigher wrote "The Black Canary", a six-page Johnny Thunder story which introduced the Black Canary character in Flash Comics #86 (August 1947). This was also artist Carmine Infantino 's first published work for DC. Other new characters created by Kanigher during this time included Rose and Thorn and the Harlequin . Starting in 1952, Kanigher began editing and writing

9951-637: The title, contributed by various DC artists. A second ongoing Teen Titans series, titled Titans , launched in April 2008 with a cover date of June 2008, written by Judd Winick . The first issue was drawn by Ian Churchill and Norm Rapmund and the second was by Joe Benitez and Victor Llamas. The opening storyline follows the events of the Teen Titans East Special one-shot released in November 2007, revealing that Cyborg's team survived

10058-590: The verbal plotting we did and take it from there." The team's adversaries included Deathstroke the Terminator , a mercenary who takes a contract to kill the Titans to fulfill a job his son had been unable to complete. This led to perhaps the most notable Titans storyline of the era. 1984's " The Judas Contract ", in Tales of the Teen Titans #42–44 and Tales of the Teen Titans Annual #3, featured

10165-661: The wholesale return of superheroes, and the beginning of what fans and historians call the Silver Age of comics. Artist Ross Andru began a nine-year run on Wonder Woman , starting with issue #98 (May 1958), where he and Kanigher reinvented the character, introducing the Silver Age version and her supporting cast. Kanigher and Andru had several other notable collaborations. The "Gunner and Sarge" feature introduced in All-American Men of War #67 (March 1959)

10272-474: Was Here " graffiti. A "DC Showcase" black and white trade paperback collection Haunted Tank Volume One , reprinting stories from between 1961 and 1965, was published in 2006. Haunted Tank Volume Two , reprinting stories from 1966 to 1972, was published in May 2008. In the backup story "Snapshot: Remembrance" in the retrospective miniseries DC Universe: Legacies #4, set during a reunion on July 4, 1976, Jeb Stuart

10379-418: Was also brought onto the title and given a prominent romance with Donna Troy, whose marriage with Terry Long had collapsed in the pages of Team Titans before the book's cancellation. Sales saw a collapse and despite several crossovers with other books ( Damage , Green Lantern , Darkstars , and Deathstroke ), the series was cancelled with issue #130. The series finale saw the return of Blackfire as an ally, as

10486-507: Was an anthology series and featured individual members of the Titans in solo stories, often spanning multiple issues. The series also focused on former members of the group (such as Hawk and Aqualad) and the Brotherhood of Evil, detailing the formation of the second version of the group. As the move to the direct market effectively limited The New Teen Titans ability to be part of company-wide crossovers, two issues of Spotlight tied into

10593-519: Was announced. In January 2011, new Titan Solstice debuted in the January 2011 Wonder Girl one-shot. She entered the main Teen Titans title following the crossover with the Red Robin series. During the crossover, Tim asks the Titans for help in tracking down the Calculator after he tries to kill his friend, Tam Fox . Tim rejoins the team as Red Robin (rather than Robin) but Cassie would remain

10700-468: Was destroyed in the Great Depression". He quickly started working full-time. "I supported them in their own flat (without their asking me), paying for everything from chewing gum to (their) coffins, 28 years later". Kanigher's career as a writer started early, with his short stories and poetry being published in magazines. He won The New York Times Collegiate Short Story Contest in 1932. In

10807-407: Was driven from the team due to a smear campaign launched by Amanda Waller after she manipulated him into killing a super-villain. The smear campaign against Osiris, along with the war between Black Adam and Intergang, led to Black Adam declaring war on the world. In the ensuing series of battles against the super-hero community, the Titans fought and lost a bloody battle with the villain, culminating in

10914-399: Was for his brilliance as a writer, and collaborators such as Gene Colan and John Romita Sr. have commented on the difficulty of working with him. Romita recounted: I worked on a series with Kanigher — he wrote two series for me in the romance dept. One about an airline stewardess, and one about a nurse. He used to compliment me whenever he'd see me in the bullpen. "Like the stuff ... like

11021-468: Was held in the letters pages to determine who would join the team. Robin (Tim Drake), won the vote, but editors on the Batman titles banned his appearance, forcing Jurgens to use Captain Marvel Jr. instead. His inclusion failed to boost sales and the series was then cancelled. The team returned in a three-issue miniseries, JLA/Titans: The Technis Imperative , featuring nearly every Titan and showcasing

11128-477: Was lost in space with several other heroes, while Kid Flash became lost in the Speed Force, re-emerging in the Flash uniform and having aged to adulthood after a failed attempt to stop Superboy Prime. Following the events of Infinite Crisis , the Teen Titans fell into a state of chaos. Wonder Girl quit the group to join a cult she believed could resurrect Superboy, while Robin took a leave of absence to travel

11235-457: Was one of the first war comics to feature recurring characters. Andru drew an early appearance of Kanigher's Sgt. Rock character in Our Army at War #81 (April 1959) The creative team co-created the original version of the Suicide Squad in The Brave and the Bold #25 (September 1959). Another innovation was the melding of war comics with science-fiction in " The War that Time Forgot ",

11342-564: Was really his advice. The Haunted Tank appears in the 2006 incarnation of the Tales of the Unexpected comic. They assist Doctor Thirteen and other heroic characters in rescuing Traci Thirteen from Nazi gorillas. The General's ghost is mainly featured, becoming involved in a sword fight with the pirate ghost Captain Fear . Since both entities are deceased, the damage they deal to each other

11449-475: Was rejected by publisher Carmine Infantino . The revised story appeared in Teen Titans #20 (March–April 1969). Wolfman and Gil Kane created an origin for Wonder Girl in Teen Titans #22 (July–Aug. 1969) and introduced her new costume. Psychic Lilith Clay and Mal Duncan also join the group. Beast Boy of the Doom Patrol makes a guest appearance seeking membership, but was rejected as too young at

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