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30-705: The Hautza is the highest point on the watershed between the Baztan and the Aldude Valley (respectively the Bidasoa and Nive basins). The layout of the border avoids the summit which is located in Spain. The most common and practicable route starts at the Izpegi Pass , where the customs used to be (there is an inn and souvenir shop now). A hiking circular route can be followed with clearly signed route marks, while

60-542: A dispute on jurisdictions with the Duke of Aquitaine , William X the Saint . Labourd was ruled directly, between 1169 and 1199, by Richard Lionheart , who gave a second charter to Bayonne c. 1174 and, c. 1175, returning to the merchants of this city the duties they paid in the tolls of Poitou, Aquitaine and Gascony. This caused an uprising of Gascons and Basques (including Labourdins from outside Bayonne), but Richard defeated all

90-603: A population of over 200,000 (115,154 in 1901; 209,913 in 1990), making it the most populous of the three French Basque provinces. Over 25% of the inhabitants speak Basque (17% in the Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz zone, 43% in the rest). Labourd has also long had a Gascon-speaking tradition, notably along the banks of the river Adour but also more diffusely throughout the whole viscounty (about 20% in Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz). The main town of Labourd

120-583: A species of the Ebro , Chondrostoma miegii , has been introduced in the last 30–40 years on the lower tract of the Bidasoa, thereafter extending gradually upstream. As a result, overfishing has become a major problem for the river's fauna, with special pressure put on salmon migrating upstream to spawn. They do not make it to their goal and die before spawning, either falling prey to fishers' bait or an inability to overcome hydroelectric power stations (128 over all

150-481: Is Bayonne , although the capital up to the French Revolution was Ustaritz , 13 km away, where local Basque leaders assembled. Other important towns are Biarritz , Anglet (between Bayonne and Biarritz), Hendaye , Ciboure and Saint-Jean-de-Luz along the coast, and Hasparren inland. The area is famous for the five-day Fêtes de Bayonne and the red peppers of Espelette . Many tourists come to

180-679: Is best known for establishing the borderline at its lower tract. This stretch is crossed not only by aircraft at low height but by important European communication axes, namely AP8 E5 E80 - E70 A63 (motorway, connection at the Biriatu toll), main roads N1 - N10 (connection at the roundabout of Saizar by the river) and major French and Spanish railway networks, — Renfe and SNCF . Besides these major lines, other regional ones cross it too, e.g. regional railway EuskoTren (terminus in Hendaye ) and another double bridge (pedestrians/vehicles) joining

210-447: Is inhabited by 22,000 inhabitants. 70% of its population have the sewage treated before spilling to the river. But for the first 15-odd kilometres, the river clings to the north to south disposition of other neighbouring rivers of Gipuzkoa joining the Bay of Biscay , e.g. Urumea , Oria , etc. Strengthened by the waters harvested from the sides of the pass of Belate, downstream of Doneztebe

240-666: Is one of the traditional Basque provinces, and identified as one of the territorial component parts of the Basque Country by many, especially by the Basque nationalists . Labourd extends from the Pyrenees to the river Adour , along the Bay of Biscay . To the south are Gipuzkoa and Navarre in Spain, to the east is Lower Navarre , and to the north are the Landes . It has an area of almost 900 km (347 sq mi) and

270-458: Is such a house and is now a museum dedicated to the author of Cyrano de Bergerac and to Basque traditions. Lapurdian ( Lapurtera ) is a dialect of the Basque language spoken in the region. Ancient Labourd was inhabited by the Tarbelli , an Aquitanian tribe. They had the fortified town of Lapurdum , which eventually would become modern Bayonne and give its name to the region. In

300-546: The rudder in Europe seems also a Basque and specifically Labourdine development. Three masted ships appear in a fresco of Estella (Navarre), dating to the 12th century, seals preserved in the Navarrese and Parisian historical archives also show similar ships. The rudder itself is first mentioned as steer "a la Navarraise" or "a la Bayonaise". After Navarre lost San Sebastian and Hondarribia to Castile in 1200, it signed

330-604: The Bidasoa all along. The Navarrese tract of the river is a preferred destination for fishing enthusiasts, the river being home to several native fish species, namely eel ( Anguilla anguilla ), salmon ( Salmo palar ), trout ( Salmo trutta ), bullhead ( Cottus gobio ), Barbatula barbatula , Phoxinus phoxinus , gudgeon ( Gobio lozanoi ), sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ), allis shad ( Alosa alosa ), flounder ( Platichthys flesus ) and grey mullet ( Chelon labrosus ), some of them declared endangered species and highly interesting (especially bullhead and salmon). Moreover,

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360-647: The French, Castilian and Flemish. Basque whalers used for this activity the longboats known as traineras , that only allowed whaling near the coast or based in a larger ship. It seems that it was this industry, along with cod -fishing, is what brought Basque sailors to the North Sea and eventually to Newfoundland. Basque whaling in Newfoundland and Labrador began in the 1530s. By at least the early 17th century Basque whalers had reached Iceland. The development of

390-614: The Middle Ages, it formed part of the Duchy of Vasconia , which eventually came to be called Gascony . After the early 9th century, the area of the river Adour was referred to as the County of Vasconia. According to many authorities, Duke Sancho VI of Gascony ceded Labourd and its ports, Bayonne and Biarritz, to King Sancho III of Navarre around 1023, and Sancho in turn bestowed it on his majordomo, Lope Sánchez, as viscount. This Lope

420-432: The bordering towns of Sara, Itxassou, Ascain, Biriatu, etc. The abuses included the establishment of new, alien names to the villages and towns of Labourd, but they were soon after reverted to their usual names. In the last decades, petitions have asked for the separation from Béarn and the creation of a Basque département , together with the other two historical Basque provinces of Lower Navarre and Soule . Labourd, like

450-399: The boundary between the Basque provinces of Gipuzkoa and Labourd . In line with the distribution of the river's length, the bulk of its watershed's area lies on Navarre (684 km or 264 sq mi). The basin holds 105 permanent streams and rivers that number 497 km (309 mi), the region being drenched in rains regularly. The Navarrese side of the basin (rural landscape)

480-542: The cities that had revolted. Richard married the Navarrese princess Berengaria of Navarre in 1191, which favored the trade between Navarre and Bayonne (and England). This marriage also included a jurisdictional transaction that shaped the borders of the Northern Basque Country : Lower Navarre was definitively annexed to Navarre, while Labourd and Soule remained as parts of Angevin Aquitaine. This pact

510-476: The coast, especially to Biarritz, and to the hills and mountains of the interior for walking and agri-tourism. La Rhune ( Larrun in Basque), a 900 m high mountain, lies south of Saint-Jean-de-Luz on the border with Spain. The traditional buildings of Labourd have low-roofed, half-timbered features, stone lintels, and red, white and green paint. The house of Edmond Rostand , Villa Arnaga at Cambo-les-Bains ,

540-551: The course) and the 114 related dams, since 63% of them prevent migratory fish from achieving their purpose. Schemes by the Regional Government of Navarre are underway with a view to handling the issue. Labourd Labourd ( French pronunciation: [labuʁ] ; Basque : Lapurdi ; Latin : Lapurdum ; Gascon : Labord ) is a former French province and part of the present-day Pyrénées Atlantiques département of Nouvelle-Aquitaine region . It

570-638: The end of the Hundred Years' War . Since then and until the French Revolution , Labourd was largely self-ruled as an autonomous French province . In 1610, Labourd suffered a major witch-hunt at the hands of the judge Pierre de Lancre after feuds between the elites (merchant bourgeoisie vs nobility) and different social layers (nobility vs common people) took a turn for the worse over elements of superstition and alleged public morality, which ended up with some 70 supposed sorginak burnt at

600-702: The inclusion of the Basques in the same department with Bayonne and Béarn. During the War of the Pyrenees , Labourd had its customary trade with the Southern Basque Country interrupted, and was shaken by indiscriminate repression unleashed by the Convention (1793-1794) resulting in mass deportation to the Landes of Gascony , seizure of landholdings, and the death of an estimated 1,600 civilians from

630-519: The minor San Sebastian Airport serving domestic flights and currently mired in controversy over its lengthening and upgrading scheme. The river comprises an area of linguistic contact, so it is pronounced differently depending on the language, namely [biˈdas̺oa] in Basque , [biðaˈsoa] in Spanish , and [bidasoa] in French . Linguistic and historic research point to

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660-441: The name stemming from Latin phrase "Via ad Oiassonem" (later corrupting into Basque "Bidasoa") on account of the road that linked at Roman times Basque town Pompaelo with Oiasso , which may have run along the river. The Bidasoa flows through much of its 66 km (41 mi) length over Navarrese territory, except for the last 10 km (6.2 mi), where it establishes the borderline between France and Spain, as well as

690-487: The other coastal territories of the Basque Country , played an important role in early European exploitation of the Atlantic Ocean. The earliest document (a bill) that mentions the whale oil or blubber dates from 670. In 1059, Labourdin whalers already gave to the viscount the oil of the first captured animal. It seems that Basques disliked the taste of whales but made good business selling their meat and oil to

720-682: The river heads north and crosses the town of Bera at the north end of Navarre before entering Gipuzkoa at Endarlatsa. From the town of Doneztebe on, the main road N-121 runs along till the roundabout across the river from the toll of Biriatu by the AP-8 (motorway). Next comes the quarter Behobia and the major towns on the shores of the estuary. The main tributaries of the Bidasoa are the minor rivers Zeberia (length 10.80 km (6.71 mi)), Ezkurra (20.90 km (12.99 mi)), Latsa (11.10 km (6.90 mi)) and Endara (9.90 km (6.15 mi)). Additionally, further small rivers and streams feed

750-565: The stake (see Basque witch trials ). In 1790, France suppressed the historical provinces , including Labourd, incorporating them into the newly created département of Basses-Pyrénées , together with Béarn . Dominique Joseph Garat and his older brother were then representing the Biltzar (Assembly) of Labourd's third estate in Paris. Like the other Basque representatives, he opposed the new administrative layout (but eventually voted for it) and

780-432: The towns on the border, i.e. the historical Santiago Bridge ( Way of St. James ). At this stage of the river, urban landscape prevails (built-up area). Before pouring its waters into the ocean, it forms a bay called Txingudi located between these towns and Irun , the site being designated Wetland of International Importance in 2002, with a total area of 1.28 km (0.49 sq mi). The banks of Hondarribia hold

810-488: The village of Oronoz-Mugairi (municipality of Baztan ) in the province of Navarre , the river actually results from the merger of several streams near the village Erratzu , with the stream Baztan that rises at the north-eastern side of the mount Autza (1,306 m) being considered the source of the Bidasoa. It joins the Cantabrian Sea ( Bay of Biscay ) between the towns of Hendaye and Hondarribia . The river

840-554: The walk is demanding and quite long (approx. return time 5h00). Its name is based on a local oronym : Hautz . This article about a location in Navarre, Spain, is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bidasoa The Bidasoa ( Spanish: [biðaˈsoa] ; French : Bidassoa , pronounced [bidasɔa] ) is a river in the Basque Country of northern Spain and southern France that runs largely south to north. Named as such downstream of

870-579: Was materialized in 1193 in form of the sale of their rights by the legitimate viscounts of Labourd, who had established their seat in Ustaritz . From that point, Ustaritz was the capital of Labourd, instead of Bayonne, until the suppression of the province in 1790. John I of England , gave to Bayonne the Municipal Law, that created the figures of mayor , 12 jurors , 12 councilors and 75 advisors. Labourd passed to French hands in 1451, just before

900-478: Was supposedly the king's relative, being a nephew of King Ramiro Garcés of Viguera . This oft-repeated story has no basis in contemporary documents, and there is no evidence that Navarre extended its territory north of the Pyrenees prior to the late 12th century. Around 1125, Bayonne was chartered by Duke William IX of Aquitaine . In 1130–31, King Alfonso the Battler of Aragon and Navarre attacked Bayonne over

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