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25-418: The bridge consists of five fixed spans and one 244-foot-long (74 m) vertical-lift span. It is 1,382 feet (421 m) in total length. The bridge was originally 63 feet (19 m) wide, including two five-foot sidewalks, but the sidewalks were widened to 10 feet in 1998, increasing the structure's overall width to 73 feet (22 m). The 880,000-pound (400,000 kg) counterweights are suspended from

50-868: A draftsman in Canada's Department of Marine and Fisheries in Ottawa , where he spent a few months designing buoys, lanterns, and similar marine appliances. His next position came as a 'rodman' (surveyor's assistant) on the Canadian Pacific Railway . He returned to the United States where he designed mines for a West Virginia coal company. In 1878, he returned to Rensselaer and taught mechanics courses until 1880. Waddell then traveled west, obtaining additional degrees from McGill University in Montreal , Quebec, and spending some time working at

75-585: A private engineering practice in Kansas City, Missouri , as J.A.L. Waddell, Consulting Engineer . The firm would later evolve over the decades with various junior partners, including Ira G. Hedrick in 1899, John L. Harrington in 1907, Waddell's own son Needham Everett in 1915, and Shortridge Hardesty in 1927. After Waddell's death, the company became, and continues today as, Hardesty & Hanover . The company enjoyed great success with railroad clients in particular during its early years; in addition to

100-467: A scene set on MAX on the Hawthorne Bridge. Since MAX does not cross the bridge, the movie company connected two articulated buses remodeled to resemble a MAX train, complete with fake overhead lines and a sprinkler system to simulate rain. Light-rail ( interurban ) service did cross the Hawthorne Bridge until 1956. The new deck put in place in the outer lanes during the 1998–99 renovation

125-509: A ten-month voyage to Hong Kong and Shanghai on the clipper ship N.B. Palmer . In 1875, Waddell obtained his first degree, in civil engineering, from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York . In 1882 he married Ava Everett of Council Bluffs, Iowa , the daughter of prominent lawyer Horace Everett. In 1904 he earned a Doctorate of Science (D.Sc) from McGill University . Waddell began his career by returning to his homeland as

150-691: A vertical lift bridge (since demolished) for the Iowa Central Railway over the Mississippi River at Keithsburg, Illinois , in 1909. The pair designed more than two dozen more vertical lift bridges over the next five years before Harrington left in 1914, among them the ASB Bridge in Kansas City Missouri . Four years after the death of his wife Ada, Waddell died on March 3, 1938, in his Manhattan apartment at

175-605: The Portland Streetcar , it became unlikely that rail cars will ever again cross the Hawthorne Bridge. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 2012. In August 2012, an automated real-time bicycle counter was installed on the bridge, the first such counter to be installed in a U.S. city. It was purchased by the non-profit group Cycle Oregon for $ 20,000 and donated to

200-730: The Raymond & Campbell firm in Council Bluffs, Iowa . In July 1882, he was hired as a foreign advisor by the Meiji government of the Empire of Japan and taught at the Tokyo Imperial University while writing two books. That same year, he was also awarded an honorary Bachelor's and Master's of Science each by McGill University . Waddell returned to the United States in 1886, and one year later established

225-614: The Second Industrial Revolution . Lifting and swinging bridges had been used for generations, but not on the scale that they exist today. Waddell was the first to invent a modern design, originally intended to span a short channel across Minnesota Point in the harbor of Duluth, Minnesota . His design won a city contest in 1892, but the War Department objected to the proposal. The city built an aerial transporter bridge in that location in 1905. In 1929, it

250-492: The Steel and Interstate bridges. John Alexander Low Waddell invented the modern-day vertical-lift bridge. The current bridge was built to replace the second Madison Street Bridge , a wooden bridge built in 1900. It cost $ 511,000 to build and was opened on December 19, 1910. Hawthorne Boulevard (and thus the bridge) was named after Dr. J.C. Hawthorne , the cofounder of Oregon's first mental hospital and early proponent for

275-569: The agreement on founding Sino-American joint engineering college in Shanghai , but it soon ceased due to the wars outbroken in the area. He was widely recognised, being awarded honours by Japan, Russia, China, and Italy, holding five honorary doctorates (including those from Japan, Canada, and Puerto Rico) and being elected an Honorary Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1936. One of Waddell's earliest contributions to

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300-507: The city. The city paid $ 5,000 for its installation. The millionth rider was counted in July 2013. The counter was broken in 2018 and has not been repaired; no data has been recorded since. Waddell %26 Harrington Waddell & Harrington was an American engineering company that designed bridges from 1907 to 1915. It was formed in 1907 as a partnership of John Alexander Low Waddell (1854–1938) and John Lyle Harrington (1868–1942) and

325-773: The economic boom of the Roaring Twenties . Many of metropolitan area's most important postwar infrastructure projects were awarded to the company, including the Goethals Bridge and Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge . Waddell was also an adviser to the Ministry of Railways, Republic of China . When in China he along with Meloy was entrusted by MIT and Harvard University to talk over with National Southeastern University (later renamed National Central University and then Nanking University ) and reached

350-466: The field of civil engineering was the "A" Truss bridge. Patented in 1893, the cost-effective design allowed for cheap and rapid construction, and could easily carry the heavy loads generated by steam locomotive -powered trains. Replicated throughout the Empire of Japan and the American West and Midwest, this basic design contributed to the rapid expansion of several railway companies during

375-619: The firm include the following, among others: John Alexander Low Waddell Dr. John Alexander Low Waddell (January 15, 1854 – March 3, 1938, often shortened to J.A.L. Waddell and sometimes known as John Alexander Waddell ) was a Canadian-American civil engineer and prolific bridge designer, with more than a thousand structures to his credit in the United States, Canada, as well as Mexico , Russia , China , Japan , and New Zealand . Waddell’s work set standards for elevated railroad systems and helped develop materials suitable for large span bridges. His most important contribution

400-415: The first Morrison Bridge . The streetcar tracks across the bridge were originally in the outer lanes, but were relocated to the center lanes in 1931. The deck was changed from wood to steel grating in 1945. In 1985, the lift span sheaves, the grooved wheels that guide the counterweight cables, were replaced. The bridge went through a $ 21 million renovation from 1998 to 1999, which included replacing

425-461: The steel grated deck and repainting. The original lead-based paint was completely removed and replaced with 3 layers of new paint that is estimated to last 30 years. During this upgrade, the sidewalks were widened to 10 feet (3.0 m), making it a thoroughfare for bicycle commuters. Due to the replacement of the steel deck during this project, the channels which used to carry the rails for streetcars and interurban trains were also removed. The bridge

450-444: The two 165-foot-tall (50 m) towers. It is operated by a pair of 150-horsepower motors. On average, the lift span is raised for river traffic 120 times per month. While the river is at low level, the bridge is 49 feet (15 m) above the water, causing it to be raised an average of 200 times per month. As of 2001, the average daily traffic was 30,500 vehicles. The bridge was designed by Waddell & Harrington , which also designed

475-546: The wide adoption of Waddell's "A" truss design along the St. Louis Southwestern Railway and Nippon Railway , one 1906 newspaper article from Brownsville, Texas , reported that Dr. Waddell had been responsible for all the bridges on the International–Great Northern Railroad . Midway through his consulting career, Waddell opened a New York City office, which soon became the firm's headquarters in 1920 amidst

500-567: Was based in Kansas City, Missouri , but had offices in Portland, Oregon , and Vancouver , British Columbia . The company designed more than 30 vertical-lift bridges for highways and railroads. The firm also designed one or more non-lift bridges, including the Colorado Street Bridge of Pasadena, California. A number of its works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Bridges designed by

525-696: Was born on January 15, 1854, in Port Hope, Ontario , Canada, to Robert Waddell (b. 1815) and Angeline E. Jones. His mother was the daughter of William Jones, late colonel of the 27th regiment and sheriff of the city of New York and a member of the State legislature in 1844. Waddell was the oldest child of eight. Homeschooled to nine years of age, Waddell was reportedly in poor health throughout his youth. He later attended Trinity College School in Port Hope until turning sixteen, when his parents sent him on

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550-505: Was closed for one year to permit the renovation to be carried out. The original color of the bridge was black, lasting until 1964, when it was repainted yellow-gold ochre. During the 1998–99 renovation, the color was changed to green with red trim. In 2001, the sidewalks were connected to the Eastbank Esplanade . In 2005, the estimated cost to replace the bridge was $ 189.3 million. The 2003 film, The Hunted , included

575-552: Was designed to be strong enough for possible use by modern, heavier streetcars or light rail trains in the future, which was proposed at that time, and TriMet was still considering a Hawthorne Bridge routing for its future MAX Orange Line , to Milwaukie , in 2002. However, following the transit agency's later decision to build the Tilikum Crossing for the Milwaukie MAX line, which bridge could also be used by

600-668: Was remodeled into the Aerial Lift Bridge , similar to Waddell's design. Waddell adapted his vertical-lift concept in 1893 and it was finally built as the South Halsted Street Lift-Bridge over the Chicago River . While the city of Chicago was the first to build a lift bridge of Waddell's design, the second had to wait for his partnership with mechanical engineer John Lyle Harrington , formed in 1907. Waddell & Harrington designed

625-505: Was the development of the steam-powered high-lift bridge . Waddell was a widely respected writer on bridge design and engineering theory, as well as an advocate for quality in higher education engineering programs. The company he founded in 1887, 'J.A.L. Waddell, Consulting Engineer,' would eventually become the modern day Hardesty & Hanover , a leading moveable bridge engineering firm. Many of Waddell's surviving bridges are now considered historic landmarks. John Alexander Low Waddell

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