106-722: Hazaribagh is a city and a municipal corporation in Hazaribagh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand . It is also the administrative headquarters of Hazaribagh district and divisional headquarters of North Chotanagpur division . It is known as a health resort and for the Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary (17 kilometres [11 mi] from city). It is represented in the Indian Lok Sabha by its Member of Parliament, Manish Jaiswal . The name of
212-889: A "dark chasm of aloofness". He visited Aga Khan III , stayed at Dartington Hall , toured Denmark, Switzerland, and Germany from June to mid-September 1930, then went on into the Soviet Union. In April 1932 Tagore, intrigued by the Persian mystic Hafez , was hosted by Reza Shah Pahlavi . In his other travels, Tagore interacted with Henri Bergson , Albert Einstein , Robert Frost , Thomas Mann , George Bernard Shaw , H. G. Wells , and Romain Rolland . Visits to Persia and Iraq (in 1932) and Sri Lanka (in 1933) composed Tagore's final foreign tour, and his dislike of communalism and nationalism only deepened. Vice-president of India M. Hamid Ansari has said that Rabindranath Tagore heralded
318-609: A 1937 collection of essays. His respect for scientific laws and his exploration of biology, physics, and astronomy informed his poetry, which exhibited extensive naturalism and verisimilitude. He wove the process of science, the narratives of scientists, into stories in Se (1937), Tin Sangi (1940), and Galpasalpa (1941). His last five years were marked by chronic pain and two long periods of illness. These began when Tagore lost consciousness in late 1937; he remained comatose and near death for
424-576: A Brahmo girl, compelling his worried foster father to reveal his lost past and cease his nativist zeal. As a "true dialectic" advancing "arguments for and against strict traditionalism", it tackles the colonial conundrum by "portray[ing] the value of all positions within a particular frame [...] not only syncretism, not only liberal orthodoxy but the extremist reactionary traditionalism he defends by an appeal to what humans share." Among these Tagore highlights "identity [...] conceived of as dharma . " In Jogajog ( Yogayog , Relationships , 1929),
530-588: A May 1932 visit to a Bedouin encampment in the Iraqi desert, the tribal chief told him that "Our Prophet has said that a true Muslim is he by whose words and deeds not the least of his brother-men may ever come to any harm ..." Tagore confided in his diary: "I was startled into recognizing in his words the voice of essential humanity." To the end Tagore scrutinized orthodoxy—and in 1934, he struck. That year, an earthquake hit Bihar and killed thousands. Gandhi hailed it as seismic karma , as divine retribution avenging
636-402: A day before a scheduled operation: his last poem. I'm lost in the middle of my birthday. I want my friends, their touch, with the earth's last love. I will take life's final offering, I will take the human's last blessing. Today my sack is empty. I have given completely whatever I had to give. In return, if I receive anything—some love, some forgiveness—then I will take it with me when I step on
742-483: A division named Hazaribagh as the administrative headquarters. In 1854 the designation of South-West Frontier Agency was changed to Chota Nagpur Division , composed of five districts - Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Palamau, Manbhum, and Singhbhum. The division was administered as a Non-regulation province under a Commissioner reporting to the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal. In 1855-56 there was the great uprising of
848-514: A hapless, homeless man drenched from top to toe standing on the roof of his steamer [...] the last two days I have been singing this song over and over [...] as a result the pelting sound of the intense rain, the wail of the wind, the sound of the heaving Gorai River, [...] have assumed a fresh life and found a new language and I have felt like a major actor in this new musical drama unfolding before me. — Letter to Indira Devi . The youngest of 13 surviving children, Tagore (nicknamed "Rabi")
954-454: A mango grove which formed a camping ground for troops and travelers marching along a military road from Kolkata to Varanasi , constructed in 1783 and the following years. The Grand Trunk Road subsequently replaced this military road in the mid-19th century, but the layout differed at places, particularly around Hazaribagh. A dilapidated watch tower meant to guard the military road is still visible on Tower Hill, near Silwar. In ancient times
1060-651: A municipality in 1869. The military cantonment, south-east of the town, flourished until 1874, when, after an outbreak of enteric fever in 1874, the troops were mostly withdrawn, except for a small detachment to mind the penitentiary. This resulted in a planned city. This part of the town is known as Boddam Bazar, after the officer who laid it out. Many Englishmen settled in Hazaribagh during the British period. They built large bungalow-type houses, often with sloping roofs. They were great hunters and hunting stories abounded in
1166-581: A nearly year-long tour of Europe and the United States. Upon returning to Britain—and as his paintings were exhibited in Paris and London—he lodged at a Birmingham Quaker settlement. He wrote his Oxford Hibbert Lectures and spoke at the annual London Quaker meet. There, addressing relations between the British and the Indians – a topic he would tackle repeatedly over the next two years – Tagore spoke of
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#17327733979771272-512: A penetrative depth and feeling that was singular in Indian literature up to that point. In particular, such stories as " Kabuliwala " ("The Fruitseller from Kabul ", published in 1892), "Kshudita Pashan" ("The Hungry Stones") (August 1895), and "Atithi" ("The Runaway", 1895) typified this analytic focus on the downtrodden. Many of the other Galpaguchchha stories were written in Tagore's Sabuj Patra period from 1914 to 1917, also named after one of
1378-426: A population of 127,243. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Hazaribagh has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 64.83%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 70%. In Hazaribagh, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. The population of the town and the area is overwhelmingly Khortha speaking, However, due to migration of people from other state people Hindi
1484-641: A profound impact within Bengal itself but received little national attention. In 1883 he married 10-year-old Mrinalini Devi , born Bhabatarini, 1873–1902 (this was a common practice at the time). They had five children, two of whom died in childhood. In 1890 Tagore began managing his vast ancestral estates in Shelaidaha (today a region of Bangladesh); he was joined there by his wife and children in 1898. Tagore released his Manasi poems (1890), among his best-known work. As Zamindar Babu , Tagore criss-crossed
1590-692: A senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party and the son of former Foreign Minister Yashwant Sinha , won the Lok Sabha elections in 2014, defeating the closest rival Saurabh Narayan Singh of the Indian National Congress by a huge margin of 1,59,128 votes. A scion of the erstwhile kingdom of Ramgarh Raj ; Rajkumar Udaybhan Narain Singh is the director of J.I.A.D.A. and is a senior member of Bhartiya Janta Party , he has
1696-544: A set of major works by 1877, one of them a long poem in the Maithili style of Vidyapati . As a joke, he claimed that these were the lost works of newly discovered 17th-century Vaiṣṇava poet Bhānusiṃha. Regional experts accepted them as the lost works of the fictitious poet. He debuted in the short-story genre in Bengali with " Bhikharini " ("The Beggar Woman"). Published in the same year, Sandhya Sangit (1882) includes
1802-468: A sheaf of his translated works to England, where they gained attention from missionary and Gandhi protégé Charles F. Andrews , Irish poet William Butler Yeats , Ezra Pound , Robert Bridges , Ernest Rhys , Thomas Sturge Moore , and others. Yeats wrote the preface to the English translation of Gitanjali ; Andrews joined Tagore at Santiniketan. In November 1912 Tagore began touring the United States and
1908-524: A sovereign state such as the Principality of Monaco , to a small village such as West Hampton Dunes, New York . The territory over which a municipality has jurisdiction may encompass: Powers of municipalities range from virtual autonomy to complete subordination to the state . Municipalities may have the right to tax individuals and corporations with income tax , property tax , and corporate income tax , but may also receive substantial funding from
2014-742: A stronghold over this area. The nearest airport is Birsa Munda Airport in Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand, at a distance of 102 km (63 mi). Ranchi is connected with Bengaluru , New Delhi , Hyderabad , Mumbai , Kolkata and Patna by regular flights. A new 80 km (50 mi) long railway line has been constructed from Koderma-Hazaribagh-Barkakana line and became operational in February 2015. Two trains run between Koderma and Hazaribagh Town railway station (not to be confused with Hazaribagh Road railway station). The railway line from Hazaribagh to Barkakana Junction has been completed and
2120-500: A time. This was followed in late 1940 by a similar spell, from which he never recovered. Poetry from these valetudinary years is among his finest. A period of prolonged agony ended with Tagore's death on 7 August 1941, aged 80. He was in an upstairs room of the Jorasanko mansion in which he grew up. The date is still mourned. A. K. Sen, brother of the first chief election commissioner, received dictation from Tagore on 30 July 1941,
2226-468: A tree, and a bust statue was placed there in 1956 (a gift from the Indian government, the work of Rasithan Kashar, replaced by a newly gifted statue in 2005) and the lakeside promenade still bears his name since 1957. On 14 July 1927, Tagore and two companions began a four-month tour of Southeast Asia. They visited Bali, Java, Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, Penang, Siam, and Singapore. The resultant travelogues compose Jatri (1929). In early 1930 he left Bengal for
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#17327733979772332-461: A tributary of Damodar River , flows past the town. Hazaribagh has been a thick forest earlier and is still surrounded by forests. Hazaribagh has the second highest coal reserve in Jharkhand (Dhanbad region has the first), and it is still largely intact. Recently there has been a spurt in the coal mining activities in the region by Central Coalfields Ltd., a subsidiary of Coal India Limited . Work
2438-442: A unique identity. Examples of this include Africa and Camalia , which are among the better-known of his latter poems. Tagore was a prolific composer with around 2,230 songs to his credit. His songs are known as rabindrasangit ("Tagore Song"), which merges fluidly into his literature, most of which—poems or parts of novels, stories, or plays alike—were lyricized. Influenced by the thumri style of Hindustani music , they ran
2544-640: A village in Tandwa Block), the renowned freedom fighter and subsequently chief minister of Bihar, belonged to Hazaribagh. As revenue minister, he was instrumental in the abolition of zemindaries in Bihar. In 1952 that was the first such legislation in the country. The political rivalry between the Kamakhya Narain Singh , the Raja of Ramgarh, and K.B. Sahay was the talk of the town in the 1950s. In
2650-615: Is Tagore's Chandalika ( Untouchable Girl ), which was modelled on an ancient Buddhist legend describing how Ananda , the Gautama Buddha 's disciple, asks a tribal girl for water. In Raktakarabi ("Red" or "Blood Oleanders") is an allegorical struggle against a kleptocrat king who rules over the residents of Yaksha puri . Chitrangada , Chandalika , and Shyama are other key plays that have dance-drama adaptations, which together are known as Rabindra Nritya Natya . Tagore began his career in short stories in 1877—when he
2756-461: Is a great personality. There is such a massive vigor in that head that it reminds one of Michael Angelo's chisel." A "fire-bath" of fascism was to have educed "the immortal soul of Italy ... clothed in quenchless light". On 1 November 1926 Tagore arrived in Hungary and spent some time on the shore of Lake Balaton in the city of Balatonfüred, recovering from heart problems at a sanitarium. He planted
2862-609: Is also spoken but mainly in town areas. The early-settlers of Hazaribagh, the Bengali-speaking population also has a significant population in the headquarters of Hazaribagh. There is a sprinkling of the Santhali-speaking population mainly in the rural areas. The Hindus form the majority of population, with a sizable Muslim population. Punjabis form small minorities. A few Bengalis are the followers of Brahmo Samaj, established up by Keshub Chandra Sen . Hazaribagh
2968-439: Is currently going on for the development of NTPC 's 3000 MW. Reliance Power's 3600 MW Super Thermal Power Projects was also proposed but was later pulled out due to the failure of the negotiations between government and company on land distributions. Demotand and Chaano are industrial areas. It has largest coal reserve after Dhanbad. Hazaribagh has Vinoba Bhave University within the city limits, named after Saint Vinoba Bhave. It
3074-657: Is derived from French municipalité , which in turn derives from the Latin municipalis , based on the word for social contract ( municipium ), referring originally to the Latin communities that supplied Rome with troops in exchange for their own incorporation into the Roman state (granting Roman citizenship to the inhabitants) while permitting the communities to retain their own local governments (a limited autonomy). A municipality can be any political jurisdiction , from
3180-640: Is his most lyrical novel, with poems and rhythmic passages written by a poet protagonist. It contains elements of satire and postmodernism and has stock characters who gleefully attack the reputation of an old, outmoded, oppressively renowned poet who, incidentally, goes by a familiar name: "Rabindranath Tagore". Though his novels remain among the least-appreciated of his works, they have been given renewed attention via film adaptations, by Satyajit Ray for Charulata (based on Nastanirh ) in 1964 and Ghare Baire in 1984, and by several others filmmakers such as Satu Sen for Chokher Bali already in 1938, when Tagore
3286-560: Is now affiliated to CBSE, it is managed by L.K.C. Memorial Education Society. Hazaribagh has the police training centre for the whole of Jharkhand. The Border Security Force (BSF) also has a large presence. East India's largest training centre is here in the forest with hilly terrain. The Central Reserved Police Force is also present in the town near the lake. Krishna Ballabh Sahay (born in Sheikhpura but had land in Khadhaiya,
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3392-603: Is one of the legends of the Indian Independence movement. During the early years of World War II , an internment camp ("parole camp") for German civilians was established in the town. In June 1942 it housed 36 women, 5 men and 16 children, of whom 21 females with 13 children were transferred on 25 February 1942 from Diyatalawa . In autumn they were transferred to the family camps at Purandhar or Satara . A small but effective Bengali community including, Mukherjee, Ghosh, Mallick and Aikats settled at Hazaribagh in
3498-534: Is the second largest university of Jharkhand . It also hosts private university AISECT University, Jharkhand . St. Columba's College,Annada College,Medical College of Dhanbad and many engineering and local colleges are affiliated to this university. After independence, Roman Catholics established a girls' school, Mount Carmel school Hazaribagh, in 1949. Parallel to this Reverend Father John Moore, an Australian Jesuit missionary, set up St. Xavier's School in 1952. National Public School, Hazaribagh , started in 1977,
3604-404: Is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term municipality may also mean the governing body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district . The English word
3710-602: The 1915 Birthday Honours , but Tagore renounced it after the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre . Renouncing the knighthood, Tagore wrote in a letter addressed to Lord Chelmsford , the then British Viceroy of India, "The disproportionate severity of the punishments inflicted upon the unfortunate people and the methods of carrying them out, we are convinced, are without parallel in the history of civilised governments...The time has come when badges of honour make our shame glaring in their incongruous context of humiliation, and I for my part wish to stand, shorn of all special distinctions, by
3816-857: The Nobel Prize in Literature . Tagore's poetic songs were viewed as spiritual and mercurial; where his elegant prose and magical poetry were widely popular in the Indian subcontinent . He was a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society . Referred to as "the Bard of Bengal", Tagore was known by the sobriquets Gurudeb , Kobiguru , and Biswokobi . A Bengali Brahmin from Calcutta with ancestral gentry roots in Burdwan district and Jessore , Tagore wrote poetry as an eight-year-old. At
3922-600: The Padma River in command of the Padma , the luxurious family barge (also known as " budgerow "). He collected mostly token rents and blessed villagers who in turn honoured him with banquets—occasionally of dried rice and sour milk. He met Gagan Harkara , through whom he became familiar with Baul Lalon Shah , whose folk songs greatly influenced Tagore. Tagore worked to popularise Lalon's songs. The period 1891–1895, Tagore's Sadhana period, named after one of his magazines,
4028-503: The Religio Medici of Thomas Browne . Lively English, Irish, and Scottish folk tunes impressed Tagore, whose own tradition of Nidhubabu -authored kirtans and tappas and Brahmo hymnody was subdued. In 1880 he returned to Bengal degree-less, resolving to reconcile European novelty with Brahmo traditions, taking the best from each. After returning to Bengal, Tagore regularly published poems, stories, and novels. These had
4134-565: The jeevan devata —the demiurge or the "living God within". This figure connected with divinity through appeal to nature and the emotional interplay of human drama. Such tools saw use in his Bhānusiṃha poems chronicling the Radha - Krishna romance, which was repeatedly revised over seventy years. Later, with the development of new poetic ideas in Bengal – many originating from younger poets seeking to break with Tagore's style – Tagore absorbed new poetic concepts, which allowed him to further develop
4240-468: The 19th century when the area was in Bengal Presidency and the British administration was looking for people with English education. These families made significant contributions to keep the local education system going. Rai Bahadur Jadunath Mukherjee was amongst the most talked about early Bengali settlers. He was the first Government Pleader of Hazaribagh so appointed in 1864. He established
4346-574: The Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two thousand songs; his legacy also endures in his founding of Visva-Bharati University . Tagore modernised Bengali art by spurning rigid classical forms and resisting linguistic strictures. His novels, stories, songs, dance dramas, and essays spoke to topics political and personal. Gitanjali ( Song Offerings ), Gora ( Fair-Faced ) and Ghare-Baire ( The Home and
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4452-639: The Brahmo missionaries who visited Hazaribagh regularly was Pramathalal Sen. As per the 2011 Census of India , Hazaribagh Urban Agglomeration had a total population of 153,599, of which males were 80,095 and females 73,504. Hazaribagh Urban Agglomeration is composed of Hazaribagh ( Nagar Nigam ) and Okni ( Census Town ). As per the 2011 Census of India , Hazaribagh Nagar Parishad had a total population of 142,489, of which 74,132 were males and 68,357 females. Scheduled Castes numbered 7,987 and Scheduled Tribes numbered 2,708. As of 2001 India census , Hazaribagh had
4558-571: The Hazaribagh Brahmo Samaj in 1867 by donating his own land. He established the Jadunath Girls School in 1873 donating his own land (later upgraded Jadunath Girls High School in 1956 and around 1920, a new school building was built with the initiative of Bengali families such as Braja Kumar Niyogi and Chanchala Niyogi with funds from various sources such as the estate of Raja of Ramgarh). Rai Bhadur Jadunath Mukherjee
4664-524: The Indian identity. As with Ghare Baire , matters of self-identity ( jāti ), personal freedom, and religion are developed in the context of a family story and love triangle. In it an Irish boy orphaned in the Sepoy Mutiny is raised by Hindus as the titular gora —"whitey". Ignorant of his foreign origins, he chastises Hindu religious backsliders out of love for the indigenous Indians and solidarity with them against his hegemon-compatriots. He falls for
4770-602: The Maharaja of Tripura , sales of his family's jewellery, his seaside bungalow in Puri , and a derisory 2,000 rupees in book royalties. He gained Bengali and foreign readers alike; he published Naivedya (1901) and Kheya (1906) and translated poems into free verse. In 1912, Tagore translated his 1910 work Gitanjali into English. While on a trip to London, he shared these poems with admirers including William Butler Yeats and Ezra Pound . London's India Society published
4876-539: The Mughals as Kokrah . In 1585, Akbar sent a force under the command of Shahbaj Khan to reduce the Raja of Chotanagpur to the position of a tributary. After the death of Akbar in 1605, the area regained its independence. This necessitated an expedition in 1616 by Ibrahim Khan Fateh Jang, the Governor of Bihar and brother of Queen Noorjehan. Ibrahim Khan defeated and captured Durjan Sal , the 46th Raja of Chotanagpur. He
4982-459: The Raja of Chotanagpur and obtained his submission. Another expedition was led by Fakhruddoula, the Governor of Bihar in 1731. He came to terms with the Raja of Chotanagpur. In 1735 Alivardi Khan had difficulty in enforcing the payment of the annual tribute of Rs.12,000 from the Raja of Ramgarh , as agreed to by the latter according to the terms settled with Fakhruddoula. This situation continued until
5088-485: The Santhals against the British but was brutally suppressed. During British rule, one had to go by train to Giridih and then travel in a vehicle called push-push to Hazaribagh. It was pushed and pulled by human force over hilly tracts. It was an exciting journey across rivers and through dense forests infested with bandits and wild animals. Rabindranath Tagore travelled in a push-push along the route in 1885. He recorded
5194-578: The Sikhs in the middle of the lake. There the sacred chanting resounds continually. My father, seated amidst the throng of worshippers, would sometimes add his voice to the hymn of praise, and finding a stranger joining in their devotions they would wax enthusiastically cordial, and we would return loaded with the sanctified offerings of sugar crystals and other sweets. He wrote 6 poems relating to Sikhism and several articles in Bengali children's magazine about Sikhism. Tagore returned to Jorosanko and completed
5300-704: The Spanish term ayuntamiento , referring to a municipality's administration building, is extended via synecdoche to denote the municipality itself. In Moldova and Romania , both municipalities ( municipiu ; urban administrative units) and communes ( comună ; rural units) exist, and a commune may be part of a municipality. In many countries, comparable entities may exist with various names. Rabindranath Tagore Rabindranath Tagore FRAS ( / r ə ˈ b ɪ n d r ə n ɑː t t æ ˈ ɡ ɔːr / ; pronounced [roˈbindɾonatʰ ˈʈʰakuɾ] ; 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941 )
5406-790: The United Kingdom, staying in Butterton , Staffordshire with Andrews's clergymen friends. From May 1916 until April 1917, he lectured in Japan and the United States. He denounced nationalism. His essay "Nationalism in India" was scorned and praised; it was admired by Romain Rolland and other pacifists. Shortly after returning home, the 63-year-old Tagore accepted an invitation from the Peruvian government. He travelled to Mexico. Each government pledged US$ 100,000 to his school to commemorate
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#17327733979775512-490: The World ) are his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimed—or panned—for their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism, and unnatural contemplation. His compositions were chosen by two nations as national anthems: India's " Jana Gana Mana " and Bangladesh 's " Amar Shonar Bangla " .The Sri Lankan national anthem was also inspired by his work. His song " Banglar Mati Banglar Jol " has been adopted as
5618-509: The age of sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the pseudonym Bhānusiṃha ("Sun Lion"), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long-lost classics. By 1877 he graduated to his first short stories and dramas, published under his real name. As a humanist , universalist , internationalist , and ardent critic of nationalism , he denounced the British Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As an exponent of
5724-452: The bard Lalon . These, rediscovered and re-popularized by Tagore, resemble 19th-century Kartābhajā hymns that emphasize inward divinity and rebellion against bourgeois bhadralok religious and social orthodoxy. During his Shelaidaha years, his poems took on a lyrical voice of the moner manush , the Bāuls' "man within the heart" and Tagore's "life force of his deep recesses", or meditating upon
5830-554: The boat that crosses to the festival of the wordless end. Our passions and desires are unruly, but our character subdues these elements into a harmonious whole. Does something similar to this happen in the physical world? Are the elements rebellious, dynamic with individual impulse? And is there a principle in the physical world that dominates them and puts them into an orderly organization? — Interviewed by Einstein, 14 April 1930. Between 1878 and 1932, Tagore set foot in more than thirty countries on five continents. In 1912, he took
5936-401: The classical poetry of Kālidāsa . During his 1-month stay at Amritsar in 1873 he was greatly influenced by melodious gurbani and Nanak bani being sung at Golden Temple for which both father and son were regular visitors. He writes in his My Reminiscences (1912): The golden temple of Amritsar comes back to me like a dream. Many a morning have I accompanied my father to this Gurudarbar of
6042-489: The common ray of knowledge." Known mostly for his poetry, Tagore wrote novels, essays, short stories, travelogues, dramas, and thousands of songs. Of Tagore's prose, his short stories are perhaps the most highly regarded; he is indeed credited with originating the Bengali-language version of the genre. His works are frequently noted for their rhythmic, optimistic, and lyrical nature. Such stories mostly borrow from
6148-479: The community living in the area and the common interest. These include terms: The same terms "Gemeente" (Dutch) or "Gemeinde" (German) may be used for church congregations or parishes, for example, in the German and Dutch Protestant churches. In Greece, the word Δήμος ( demos ) is used, also meaning 'community'; the word is known in English from the compound democracy (rule of the people). In some countries,
6254-399: The cultural rapprochement between communities, societies and nations much before it became the liberal norm of conduct. Tagore was a man ahead of his time. He wrote in 1932, while on a visit to Iran, that "each country of Asia will solve its own historical problems according to its strength, nature and needs, but the lamp they will each carry on their path to progress will converge to illuminate
6360-518: The district was covered with forests inhabited by tribes who remained independent. The entire territory of Chhotanagpur, now known as Jharkhand (meaning forest territory) was presumably beyond influence in ancient India. Throughout the Turko-Afghan period (up to 1526), the area remained virtually free from external influence. It was only with the accession of Akbar to the throne of Delhi in 1557 that Muslim influence penetrated Jharkhand, then known to
6466-903: The educational facilities it had 28 primary schools, 22 middle schools, 15 secondary schools, 4 senior secondary schools, 5 general degree colleges. It had 1 medical college, 1 engineering college, 1 management institute/ college, 1 polytechnic, 2 recognised shorthand, typewriting, and vocational training institutions, 1 non-formal education centre (Sarva Siksha Abhiyan). Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities, it had 1 special school for disabled, 1 orphanage home, 3 working women's hostels, 1 old age home, 2 stadiums, 5 cinema theatres, 3 auditorium/ community halls, 3 public library and reading rooms. Three important commodities it manufactured were sattu, agarbatti, rice mill products, furniture. It had branches of 14 nationalised banks, 8 private commercial banks, 1 co-operative bank, 1 agricultural credit society, 19 non-agricultural credit societies. Konar River ,
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#17327733979776572-713: The elections for the first Lok Sabha held in 1951, Nageshwar Prasad Sinha of Congress won the Hazaribagh East seat, and Baboo Ram Narayan Singh , an Independent candidate, won the Hazaribagh West seat. In 1957, Lalita Rajya Lakshmi, of the Ramgarh Raj family, won the seat. Basant Narayan Singh, the younger brother of Kamakhya Narayan Singh, won the seat four times, in 1962, 1967, 1977, and 1980. Damodar Pandey of Congress won it in 1984. Yadunath Pandey of BJP won it in 1989. Bhubneshwar Prasad Mehta of CPI won
6678-578: The entire gamut of human emotion, ranging from his early dirge-like Brahmo devotional hymns to quasi-erotic compositions. They emulated the tonal color of classical ragas to varying extents. Some songs mimicked a given raga's melody and rhythm faithfully, others newly blended elements of different ragas . Yet about nine-tenths of his work was not bhanga gaan , the body of tunes revamped with "fresh value" from select Western, Hindustani, Bengali folk and other regional flavors "external" to Tagore's own ancestral culture. In 1971, Amar Shonar Bangla became
6784-462: The experience in an essay, "Chotanagpur families". When the Grand Chord railway line was opened in 1906, Hazaribagh Road railway station became the link with the town. For many years, Lal Motor Company operated the rail-cum-bus service between Hazaribagh town and Hazaribagh Road railway station. In 1912, a new province of Bihar and Orissa was split from Bengal Province. In 1936, the province
6890-439: The first volume of his book Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya Prabeshak that The Kusharis were the descendants of Deen Kushari, the son of Bhatta Narayana ; Deen was granted a village named Kush (in Burdwan zilla) by Maharaja Kshitisura, he became its chief and came to be known as Kushari. The last two days a storm has been raging, similar to the description in my song— Jhauro jhauro borishe baridhara [... amidst it]
6996-471: The former military bazar." Hazaribagh Central Jail housed many leaders of the Indian freedom movement , including Dr. Rajendra Prasad , later the first President of India. After Jayaprakash Narayan was put under arrest in this jail during the Quit India Movement of 1942, he escaped with the help of 53 dhotis (sheets) to cross the wall of the jail. The support he received from the local people
7102-459: The heroine Kumudini—bound by the ideals of Śiva - Sati , exemplified by Dākshāyani —is torn between her pity for the sinking fortunes of her progressive and compassionate elder brother and his foil: her roué of a husband. Tagore flaunts his feminist leanings; pathos depicts the plight and ultimate demise of women trapped by pregnancy, duty, and family honor; he simultaneously trucks with Bengal's putrescent landed gentry. The story revolves around
7208-456: The house and teach Indian classical music to the children. Tagore's oldest brother Dwijendranath was a philosopher and poet. Another brother, Satyendranath , was the first Indian appointed to the elite and formerly all-European Indian Civil Service . Yet another brother, Jyotirindranath , was a musician, composer, and playwright. His sister Swarnakumari became a novelist. Jyotirindranath's wife Kadambari Devi , slightly older than Tagore,
7314-600: The largest anthology of Tagore's works available in English; it was edited by Fakrul Alam and Radha Chakravarthy and marks the 150th anniversary of Tagore's birth. Tagore's experiences with drama began when he was sixteen, with his brother Jyotirindranath . He wrote his first original dramatic piece when he was twenty – Valmiki Pratibha which was shown at the Tagore's mansion. Tagore stated that his works sought to articulate "the play of feeling and not of action". In 1890 he wrote Visarjan (an adaptation of his novella Rajarshi ), which has been regarded as his finest drama. In
7420-399: The latter. On the occasion of Tagore's 150th birthday, an anthology (titled Kalanukromik Rabindra Rachanabali ) of the total body of his works is currently being published in Bengali in chronological order. This includes all versions of each work and fills about eighty volumes. In 2011, Harvard University Press collaborated with Visva-Bharati University to publish The Essential Tagore ,
7526-455: The lives of common people. Tagore's non-fiction grappled with history, linguistics, and spirituality. He wrote autobiographies. His travelogues, essays, and lectures were compiled into several volumes, including Europe Jatrir Patro ( Letters from Europe ) and Manusher Dhormo ( The Religion of Man ). His brief chat with Einstein , "Note on the Nature of Reality", is included as an appendix to
7632-584: The local Presidency College spanned a single day. Years later he held that proper teaching does not explain things; proper teaching stokes curiosity. After his upanayan (coming-of-age rite) at age eleven, Tagore and his father left Calcutta in February 1873 to tour India for several months, visiting his father's Santiniketan estate and Amritsar before reaching the Himalayan hill station of Dalhousie . There Tagore read biographies, studied history, astronomy, modern science, and Sanskrit , and examined
7738-400: The magazines that Tagore edited and heavily contributed to. Tagore wrote eight novels and four novellas, among them Nastanirh (1901), Noukadubi (1906), Chaturanga (1916) and Char Adhyay (1934). In Chokher Bali (1902-1903), Tagore inscribes Bengali society via its heroine: a rebellious widow who would live for herself alone. He pillories the custom of perpetual mourning on
7844-480: The national anthem of Bangladesh . It was written – ironically – to protest the 1905 Partition of Bengal along communal lines: cutting off the Muslim-majority East Bengal from Hindu-dominated West Bengal was to avert a regional bloodbath. Tagore saw the partition as a cunning plan to stop the independence movement , and he aimed to rekindle Bengali unity and tar communalism. Jana Gana Mana
7950-604: The occupation of the country by the British. During the Muslim period, the main estates in the district were Ramgarh, Kunda, Chai and Kharagdiha . Subsequent to the Kol uprising in 1831 that, however, did not seriously affect Hazaribagh, the administrative structure of the territory was changed. The parganas of Ramgarh, Kharagdiha, Kendi and Kunda became parts of the South-West Frontier Agency and were formed into
8056-986: The oppression of Dalits. Tagore rebuked him for his seemingly ignominious implications. He mourned the perennial poverty of Calcutta and the socioeconomic decline of Bengal and detailed this newly plebeian aesthetics in an unrhymed hundred-line poem whose technique of searing double-vision foreshadowed Satyajit Ray 's film Apur Sansar . Fifteen new volumes appeared, among them prose-poem works Punashcha (1932), Shes Saptak (1935), and Patraput (1936). Experimentation continued in his prose-songs and dance-dramas— Chitra (1914), Shyama (1939), and Chandalika (1938)— and in his novels— Dui Bon (1933), Malancha (1934), and Char Adhyay (1934). Clouds come floating into my life, no longer to carry rain or usher storm, but to add color to my sunset sky. —Verse 292, Stray Birds , 1916. Tagore's remit expanded to science in his last years, as hinted in Visva-Parichay ,
8162-601: The original Bengali language, such works included intricate subplots and extended monologues. Later, Tagore's dramas used more philosophical and allegorical themes. The play Dak Ghar ( The Post Office ; 1912), describes the child Amal defying his stuffy and puerile confines by ultimately "fall[ing] asleep", hinting his physical death. A story with borderless appeal—gleaning rave reviews in Europe— Dak Ghar dealt with death as, in Tagore's words, "spiritual freedom" from "the world of hoarded wealth and certified creeds". Another
8268-692: The part of widows, who were not allowed to remarry, who were consigned to seclusion and loneliness. Ghare Baire ( The Home and the World , 1916), through the lens of the idealistic zamindar protagonist Nikhil, excoriates rising Indian nationalism, terrorism, and religious zeal in the Swadeshi movement ; a frank expression of Tagore's conflicted sentiments, it emerged from a 1914 bout of depression. The novel ends in Hindu-Muslim violence and Nikhil's likely mortal—wounding. His longest novel, Gora (1907-1910), raises controversial questions regarding
8374-860: The poem "Nirjharer Swapnabhanga" ("The Rousing of the Waterfall"). Because Debendranath wanted his son to become a barrister, Tagore enrolled at a public school in Brighton, East Sussex, England in 1878. He stayed for several months at a house that the Tagore family owned near Brighton and Hove , in Medina Villas; in 1877 his nephew and niece—Suren and Indira Devi , the children of Tagore's brother Satyendranath —were sent together with their mother, Tagore's sister-in-law, to live with him. He briefly read law at University College London , but again left, opting instead for independent study of Shakespeare's plays Coriolanus , and Antony and Cleopatra and
8480-577: The seat in 1991 and in 2004. Mahabir Lal Viswakarma of BJP won the seat in 1996. Yashwant Sinha of BJP won the seat in 1998 and went on to become Finance Minister and later Foreign Minister in the NDA government. He also won the seat in the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections. Bhubneshwar Prasad Mehta of the Communist Party of India won the seat in 2004 with the help of seat-sharing of the UPA. Jayant Sinha ,
8586-491: The shackles of helplessness and ignorance" by "vitalis[ing] knowledge". In the early 1930s he targeted ambient "abnormal caste consciousness" and untouchability . He lectured against these, he penned Dalit heroes for his poems and his dramas, and he campaigned—successfully—to open Guruvayoor Temple to Dalits. Dutta and Robinson describe this phase of Tagore's life as being one of a "peripatetic litterateur ". It affirmed his opinion that human divisions were shallow. During
8692-719: The side of my countrymen." In 1919, he was invited by the president and chairman of Anjuman-e-Islamia, Syed Abdul Majid to visit Sylhet for the first time. The event attracted over 5000 people. In 1921, Tagore and agricultural economist Leonard Elmhirst set up the "Institute for Rural Reconstruction", later renamed Shriniketan or "Abode of Welfare", in Surul , a village near the ashram . With it, Tagore sought to moderate Gandhi's Swaraj protests, which he occasionally blamed for British India's perceived mental – and thus ultimately colonial – decline. He sought aid from donors, officials, and scholars worldwide to "free village[s] from
8798-544: The state anthem of West Bengal . The name Tagore is the anglicised transliteration of Thakur . The original surname of the Tagores was Kushari. They were Pirali Brahmin ('Pirali' historically carried a stigmatized and pejorative connotation) who originally belonged to a village named Kush in the district named Burdwan in West Bengal . The biographer of Rabindranath Tagore, Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya wrote in
8904-478: The state. In some European countries, such as Germany, municipalities have the constitutional right to supply public services through municipally-owned public utility companies . Terms cognate with "municipality", mostly referring to territory or political structure, are Spanish municipio (Spain) and municipalidad (Chile), Catalan municipi , Portuguese município . In many countries, terms cognate with "commune" are used, referring to
9010-455: The status of independent districts. In 2000, Jharkhand was separated from Bihar to become India's 28th state. In 2007, Ramgarh was separated and made into the 24th district of Jharkhand. The Town became a cantonment in 1790, the Ramgarh battalion having been raised ten years earlier. It was then part of Ramgarh district. It became a district headquarters in 1834. Hazaribagh was constituted as
9116-648: The title being a metaphor for migrating souls) Tagore's poetic style, which proceeds from a lineage established by 15th- and 16th-century Vaishnava poets, ranges from classical formalism to the comic, visionary, and ecstatic. He was influenced by the atavistic mysticism of Vyasa and other rishi -authors of the Upanishads , the Bhakti - Sufi mystic Kabir , and Ramprasad Sen . Tagore's most innovative and mature poetry embodies his exposure to Bengali rural folk music, which included mystic Baul ballads such as those of
9222-409: The town 'Hazaribagh' (हज़ारीबाग़) is derived from two Persian words: Hazar (هزار) meaning 'one thousand' and bagh (باغ) meaning 'garden'. Hence the meaning of Hazaribagh is 'city of a thousand gardens'. According to Sir John Houlton, however, the town takes its name from the small villages of Okni and Hazari – shown on old maps as Ocunhazry. The last syllable in its name may have originated from
9328-438: The town by word of mouth. Most of them left after India became independent. Tutu Imam topped the list of hunting legends in the town along with Rajendra Pandey. A century ago it was common for tigers and leopards to prey upon livestock in the outskirts of the town. The town had a population of 15,799 in the 1901 census. It was described in as "little more than a cluster of hamlets, with intervening cultivation, which sprang up around
9434-501: The town their home. The poet Kamini Roy lived in the town for some years. Manmathanath Dasgupta, a Brahmo missionary spent many years in Hazaribagh working amongst the downtrodden. Surat Kumar Gupta contributed towards the development of the town in many ways. Doctors such as Mandindra Bhushan Banerjee (Panna Babu), Bikash Kumar Sen, Sambhu Nath Roy and Benoy Chandra Chatterjee were prominent personalities. The noted Bengali author and writer for many Hindi films like Sujata , Subodh Ghosh ,
9540-558: The trains are running from Hazaribagh to Barkakana. Hazaribagh is situated on NH 20 and the road distances to major cities are — Ranchi: 99 km (62 mi), Dhanbad : 128 km (80 mi) (via GT road), Bokaro : 116 km (72 mi) (via Ramgarh), Gaya : 130 km (81 mi), Patna: 235 km (146 mi), Daltonganj : 198 km (123 mi), and Kolkata (via Dhanbad, Asansol, Govindapur, Bardhaman): 434 km (270 mi). Regular bus service connects Hazaribagh to these places. Municipality A municipality
9646-582: The underlying rivalry between two families—the Chatterjees, aristocrats now on the decline (Biprodas) and the Ghosals (Madhusudan), representing new money and new arrogance. Kumudini, Biprodas' sister, is caught between the two as she is married off to Madhusudan. She had risen in an observant and sheltered traditional home, as had all her female relations. Others were uplifting: Shesher Kabita (1929) — translated twice as Last Poem and Farewell Song —
9752-632: The visits. A week after his 6 November 1924 arrival in Buenos Aires, an ill Tagore shifted to the Villa Miralrío at the behest of Victoria Ocampo . He left for home in January 1925. In May 1926 Tagore reached Naples; the next day he met Mussolini in Rome. Their warm rapport ended when Tagore pronounced upon Il Duce ' s fascist finesse. He had earlier enthused: "[w]without any doubt he
9858-540: The work in a limited edition, and the American magazine Poetry published a selection from Gitanjali . In November 1913, Tagore learned he had won that year's Nobel Prize in Literature : the Swedish Academy appreciated the idealistic—and for Westerners—accessible nature of a small body of his translated material focused on the 1912 Gitanjali: Song Offerings . He was awarded a knighthood by King George V in
9964-536: Was 112,533, out of whom 60,840 were males and 51,693 were females. According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Hazaribagh , Hazaribagh ( nagar parishad ) covered an area of 26.35 km. Among the civic amenities, it had 269 km roads with both open and closed drains, the protected water supply involved tap water from treated sources, uncovered wells, overhead tank. It had 23,825 domestic electric connections, 1,405 road lighting points. Among
10070-490: Was a Bengali poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, and painter of the Bengal Renaissance . He reshaped Bengali literature and music as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Author of the "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful" poetry of Gitanjali , in 1913 Tagore became the first non-European and the first lyricist to win
10176-687: Was a dear friend and powerful influence. Her abrupt suicide in 1884, soon after he married, left him profoundly distraught for years. Tagore largely avoided classroom schooling and preferred to roam the manor or nearby Bolpur and Panihati , which the family visited. His brother Hemendranath tutored and physically conditioned him—by having him swim the Ganges or trek through hills, by gymnastics, and by practising judo and wrestling. He learned drawing, anatomy, geography and history, literature, mathematics, Sanskrit, and English—his least favourite subject. Tagore loathed formal education—his scholarly travails at
10282-520: Was born and brought up in Hazaribagh. Many of his stories are set in the region. Keshub Chunder Sen , the great Brahmo Leader, accompanied by Trailokyanath Sanyal, visited Hazaribagh in 1874 to recoup his health. He wrote many pieces during his short stay and participated in Bhadrotsav celebrations. After his death in 1884, a public hall on the Main Road was named Kesab Hall in his memory. Amongst
10388-703: Was born on 7 May 1861 in the Jorasanko mansion in Calcutta , the son of Debendranath Tagore (1817–1905) and Sarada Devi (1830–1875). Tagore was raised mostly by servants; his mother had died in his early childhood and his father travelled widely. The Tagore family was at the forefront of the Bengal renaissance . They hosted the publication of literary magazines; theatre and recitals of Bengali and Western classical music featured there regularly. Tagore's father invited several professional Dhrupad musicians to stay in
10494-491: Was fond of testing his intellect with). Tagore typically associated his earliest stories (such as those of the " Sadhana " period) with an exuberance of vitality and spontaneity; these characteristics were intimately connected with Tagore's life in the common villages of, among others, Patisar , Shajadpur, and Shilaida while managing the Tagore family's vast landholdings. There, he beheld the lives of India's poor and common people; Tagore thereby took to examining their lives with
10600-710: Was foremost in establishing the Keshav Hal and Library in the Town and was its first President. He was prominent amongst those who established the Hazaribagh Bongiya Durga Bari in 1889 in his compound. He provided food for work programme during the 1873-1874 Bihar Famine. His house hosted a galaxy of great Indians such as Ramananda Chattopadhaya, Sanjib Chandra Chattopadhaya (of "Palamau" fame), Rabindranath Tagore and Indira Debi. Later, scholars such as Mahesh Chandra Ghosh and Dhirendranath Choudhury made
10706-529: Was his most productive; in these years he wrote more than half the stories of the three-volume, 84-story Galpaguchchha . Its ironic and grave tales examined the voluptuous poverty of an idealised rural Bengal. In 1901 Tagore moved to Santiniketan to found an ashram with a marble-floored prayer hall— The Mandir —an experimental school, groves of trees, gardens, a library. There his wife and two of his children died. His father died in 1905. He received monthly payments as part of his inheritance and income from
10812-423: Was imprisoned for 12 years but was later released and reinstated on the throne after he had shown his ability in distinguishing a real diamond from a fake one. In 1632, Chotanagpur was given as Jagir (endowment) to the Governor at Patna for an annual payment of Rs.136,000. This was raised to Rs.161,000 in 1636. During the reign of Muhammad Shah (1719–1748), Sarballand Khan, the Governor of then Bihar, marched against
10918-582: Was only sixteen—with "Bhikharini" ("The Beggar Woman"). With this, Tagore effectively invented the Bengali-language short story genre. The four years from 1891 to 1895 are known as Tagore's "Sadhana" period (named for one of Tagore's magazines). This period was among Tagore's most fecund, yielding more than half the stories contained in the three-volume Galpaguchchha , which itself is a collection of eighty-four stories. Such stories usually showcase Tagore's reflections upon his surroundings, on modern and fashionable ideas, and on interesting mind puzzles (which Tagore
11024-533: Was split into separate provinces of Bihar and Orissa, with the Chota Nagpur Division being a part of Bihar. Bihar's boundaries remained mostly unchanged after Indian Independence in 1947. Giridih district was created in 1972 by carving some parts of Hazaribagh district. After the 1991 census, the district of Hazaribagh was divided into three separate districts, Hazaribagh, Chatra and Koderma . The two sub-divisions Chatra and Koderma were upgraded to
11130-456: Was still alive. Internationally, Gitanjali ( Bengali : গীতাঞ্জলি ) is Tagore's best-known collection of poetry, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. Tagore was the first non-European to receive a Nobel Prize in Literature and the second non-European to receive a Nobel Prize after Theodore Roosevelt . Besides Gitanjali , other notable works include Manasi , Sonar Tori ("Golden Boat"), Balaka ("Wild Geese" –
11236-618: Was upgraded to a municipal corporation in June 2015 by adding the area and population of 19 adjoining villages. As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Hazaribagh UA was 122,881 (90.14 percent of the total population) out of whom 66,602 (93.82 percent of males) were males and 56,279 (86.14 percent of females) were females. As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Hazaribagh Nagar Parishad
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