Atmospheric science is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and its various inner-working physical processes. Meteorology includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics with a major focus on weather forecasting . Climatology is the study of atmospheric changes (both long and short-term) that define average climates and their change over time climate variability . Aeronomy is the study of the upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation and ionization are important. Atmospheric science has been extended to the field of planetary science and the study of the atmospheres of the planets and natural satellites of the Solar System .
21-700: [REDACTED] Look up haar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Haar may refer to: Haar (fog) , fog or sea mist (Scottish English) Haar, Bavaria , a municipality near Munich, Germany Haar (Westphalia) , a hill range in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany People with the surname [ edit ] Alfréd Haar (1885–1933), Hungarian mathematician Jarrod Haar , New Zealand organisational psychology academic See also [ edit ] De Haar (disambiguation) Haar wavelet ,
42-555: A cold, sharp wind. In Yorkshire and Northumberland it is commonly referred to as a sea roke. This Scotland -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about atmospheric science is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Atmospheric science Experimental instruments used in atmospheric science include satellites , rocketsondes , radiosondes , weather balloons , radars , and lasers . The term aerology (from Greek ἀήρ, aēr , " air "; and -λογία, -logia )
63-460: A few weeks, climatology studies the frequency and trends of those systems. It studies the periodicity of weather events over years to millennia, as well as changes in long-term average weather patterns, in relation to atmospheric conditions. Climatologists , those who practice climatology, study both the nature of climates – local, regional or global – and the natural or human-induced factors that cause climates to change. Climatology considers
84-514: A theoretical understanding of them, allow possible solutions to be tested and the effects of changes in government policy evaluated. Atmospheric dynamics is the study of motion systems of meteorological importance, integrating observations at multiple locations and times and theories. Common topics studied include diverse phenomena such as thunderstorms , tornadoes , gravity waves , tropical cyclones , extratropical cyclones , jet streams , and global-scale circulations. The goal of dynamical studies
105-642: A trace of an atmosphere on the Moon . Planetary atmospheres are affected by the varying degrees of energy received from either the Sun or their interiors, leading to the formation of dynamic weather systems such as hurricanes (on Earth), planet-wide dust storms ( on Mars ), an Earth-sized anticyclone on Jupiter (called the Great Red Spot ), and holes in the atmosphere (on Neptune). At least one extrasolar planet, HD 189733 b , has been claimed to possess such
126-537: A weather system, similar to the Great Red Spot but twice as large. Hot Jupiters have been shown to be losing their atmospheres into space due to stellar radiation, much like the tails of comets. These planets may have vast differences in temperature between their day and night sides which produce supersonic winds, although the day and night sides of HD 189733b appear to have very similar temperatures, indicating that planet's atmosphere effectively redistributes
147-405: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Haar (fog) In meteorology , haar or sea fret is a cold sea fog . It occurs most often on the east coast of Scotland between April and September, when warm air passes over the cold North Sea . The term is also known as harr, hare, harl, har and hoar. Haar is typically formed over
168-473: Is sometimes used as an alternative term for the study of Earth's atmosphere; in other definitions, aerology is restricted to the free atmosphere , the region above the planetary boundary layer . Early pioneers in the field include Léon Teisserenc de Bort and Richard Assmann . Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets
189-415: Is studied. It is a multidisciplinary field of research and draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology and other disciplines. Research is increasingly connected with other areas of study such as climatology. The composition and chemistry of the atmosphere is of importance for several reasons, but primarily because of the interactions between
210-456: Is the scientific study of the upper atmosphere of the Earth — the atmospheric layers above the stratopause — and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets, where the entire atmosphere may correspond to the Earth's upper atmosphere or a portion of it. A branch of both atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics, aeronomy contrasts with meteorology, which focuses on the layers of
231-400: Is to explain the observed circulations on the basis of fundamental principles from physics . The objectives of such studies incorporate improving weather forecasting , developing methods for predicting seasonal and interannual climate fluctuations, and understanding the implications of human-induced perturbations (e.g., increased carbon dioxide concentrations or depletion of the ozone layer) on
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#1732765143039252-409: The atmosphere and living organisms. The composition of the Earth's atmosphere has been changed by human activity and some of these changes are harmful to human health, crops and ecosystems. Examples of problems which have been addressed by atmospheric chemistry include acid rain, photochemical smog and global warming. Atmospheric chemistry seeks to understand the causes of these problems, and by obtaining
273-481: The atmosphere below the stratopause. In atmospheric regions studied by aeronomers, chemical dissociation and ionization are important phenomena. All of the Solar System's planets have atmospheres. This is because their gravity is strong enough to keep gaseous particles close to the surface. Larger gas giants are massive enough to keep large amounts of the light gases hydrogen and helium close by, while
294-624: The design and construction of instruments for studying the atmosphere and the interpretation of the data they provide, including remote sensing instruments. In the United Kingdom, atmospheric studies are underpinned by the Meteorological Office. Divisions of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) oversee research projects and weather modeling involving atmospheric physics. The U.S. National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center also carries out studies of
315-599: The first wavelet Haar measure , a set-theoretic measure Haar-like feature , a technique in computer vision Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Haar . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haar&oldid=1124677496 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
336-689: The global climate. Atmospheric physics is the application of physics to the study of the atmosphere. Atmospheric physicists attempt to model Earth's atmosphere and the atmospheres of the other planets using fluid flow equations, chemical models, radiation balancing, and energy transfer processes in the atmosphere and underlying oceans and land. In order to model weather systems, atmospheric physicists employ elements of scattering theory, wave propagation models, cloud physics , statistical mechanics and spatial statistics , each of which incorporate high levels of mathematics and physics. Atmospheric physics has close links to meteorology and climatology and also covers
357-517: The high atmosphere. The Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind interact with the atmosphere, creating the ionosphere , Van Allen radiation belts , telluric currents , and radiant energy . Is a science that bases its more general knowledge of the more specialized disciplines of meteorology, oceanography, geology, and astronomy, which in turn are based on the basic sciences of physics, chemistry, and mathematics. In contrast to meteorology , which studies short term weather systems lasting up to
378-554: The land creates a sea breeze, bringing haar in from the sea and as a result can significantly reduce temperatures compared to those just a few miles inland. The term haar is used along certain lands bordering the North Sea , primarily eastern Scotland and the north-east of England. Variants of the term in Scots and northern English include har, hare, harl, harr and hoar. Its origin is related to Middle Dutch haren , referring to
399-621: The past and tries to predict future climate change . Phenomena of climatological interest include the atmospheric boundary layer , circulation patterns , heat transfer ( radiative , convective and latent ), interactions between the atmosphere and the oceans and land surface (particularly vegetation , land use and topography ), and the chemical and physical composition of the atmosphere. Related disciplines include astrophysics , atmospheric physics , chemistry , ecology , physical geography , geology , geophysics , glaciology , hydrology , oceanography , and volcanology . Aeronomy
420-451: The sea and is blown to the land by the wind. This commonly occurs when warmer moist air moves over the relatively cooler North Sea causing the moisture in the air to condense, forming haar. Sea breezes and easterly winds then bring the haar into the east coast of Scotland and North-East England where it can continue for several miles inland. This can be common in the UK summer when heating of
441-421: The smaller planets lose these gases into space . The composition of the Earth's atmosphere is different from the other planets because the various life processes that have transpired on the planet have introduced free molecular oxygen . Much of Mercury's atmosphere has been blasted away by the solar wind . The only moon that has retained a dense atmosphere is Titan . There is a thin atmosphere on Triton , and
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