Gewürztraminer ( German: [ɡəˈvʏʁtstʁaˌmiːnɐ] , Austrian German: [ɡəˈvʏrtstraˌmiːnɐ] ) is an aromatic wine grape variety, used in white wines , and which performs best in cooler climates. In English, it is sometimes referred to colloquially as Gewürz ( / ɡ ə ˈ v ʊər t s , ɡ ə ˈ v ɜːr t s / gə- VOORTS , gə- VURTS ; although this is never the case in German, because Gewürz means "herb" or "spice"). In English and French it is usually written Gewurztraminer (without the umlaut ). Gewürztraminer is a variety with a pink to red skin colour, which makes it a "white wine grape" as opposed to the blue to black-skinned varieties commonly referred to as "red wine grapes". The variety has high natural sugar and the wines are white and usually off-dry , with a flamboyant bouquet of lychees . Indeed, Gewürztraminer and lychees share the same aroma compounds . Dry Gewürztraminers may also have aromas of roses, passion fruit and floral notes. It is not uncommon to notice some spritz (fine bubbles on the inside of the glass).
32-424: Haiden may refer to: A Gewürztraminer wine Haiden (Shinto) , the hall of worship of a Shinto shrine Haiden family of Nuremberg , 16th and 17th century German family of musicians, musical instrument makers, and copper merchants Christine Haiden , Austrian journalist and author See also [ edit ] Heiden (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
64-670: A more Alsatian flavor. Bottles labeled Pinot blanc offer fruity aromas, often of apple, citrus fruit, and floral characteristics. Bottles that are varietally pure, although more difficult to find, provide stronger floral characteristics, stone fruits and a headier minerality. Regardless of their exact composition, most wines under the label 'Pinot blanc' are rather high in acidity and are vinified in tank, though more prestigious examples are fermented in large, 100% used oak barrels. Pinot blanc wines are usually made for immediate consumption. Pinot blanc's name varies by region. In Austria it may be bottled as Weissburgunder or Klevner. Weissburgunder
96-437: A reputation for Pinot blanc as its signature wine. Pinot blanc has also been confused with Chardonnay , and wineries often vinify it in a similar style, using barrel fermentation , new oak and malolactic fermentation . It can also be treated more lightly and made into a crisper wine that still has some ability to age. During a series of trials between 1930 and 1935, Pinot blanc was crossed with Riesling to create
128-934: Is an open question, but it is certainly grown there today. What is certain is that the name "Traminer" derives from the town of Tramin . Confusingly, both pink and green grapes may be called simply Traminer. Luxembourg has also been prominent in the production of wines with Gewürztraminer grapes. Even though the volumes produced remain tiny, Gewürztraminer is more and more popular in New Zealand. Around 200 hectares are being grown today, including 70ha in Marlborough, 54ha in Hawke's Bay, 19ha in Gisborne, 18ha in North Canterbury and 10ha in Central Otago. In
160-736: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Gewürztraminer's sweetness may offset the spice in Southeast Asian cuisine . The German name Gewürztraminer literally means "Spice Traminer" or "Perfumed Traminer", and is attested in Germany from the 16th century. This grape variety is a mutation of the Savagnin blanc , also named Traminer in South Tyrol (region situated in northern Italy). The history of
192-626: Is grown a little in California and New Zealand – in the latter it was mistaken for a late-ripening clone of Pinot gris . Brown Bros blend it with Orange Muscat in Australia. In 1965, Gewürztraminer was crossed with Joannes Seyve 23.416 at the University of Illinois to produce a hybrid variety called Traminette . Traminette is more cold-tolerant than the original, while maintaining most of the desirable taste and aroma characteristics. In
224-633: Is grown include Vancouver Island and the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia , the Niagara Peninsula , and the north shore of Lake Erie and Prince Edward County wine regions of Ontario . Gewürztraminer is planted in Alsace , where it is the second most planted grape variety and the one most characteristic of the region. It grows better in the south of the region. Styles of Gewurztraminer d'Alsace [ fr ] range from
256-772: Is still allowed in Bourgogne blanc blend and small amounts of Pinot blanc may in principle be blended into some Burgundy wines, but very small amounts are cultivated in either region. In the Champagne region, Pinot blanc is often called Blanc Vrai. In the United States it is mainly produced in California . In the United States, many of the vines called Pinot blanc are actually a different variety, Melon de Bourgogne / Muscadet , that resembles Chardonnay when on
288-511: Is used for both still white wines and is the most common variety used for sparkling wine, Crémant d'Alsace . Somewhat confusingly, the designation "Pinot blanc" for Alsace AOC wine does not necessarily mean that the wine is varietally pure Pinot blanc. (This is in difference to Pinot gris, which is a "true" varietal designation in Alsace.) Rather, the designation means that it is a white wine made from Pinot varieties. Under Alsace appellation rules,
320-490: The Finger Lakes and Long Island Regions of New York . Gewürztraminer is especially sensitive to both soil and climate. The vine grows vigorously, but it does not do well in chalky soils and is very susceptible to disease. It buds early, so is very susceptible to frost, needs dry and warm summers, and ripens erratically and late. Its natural sweetness means that in hot climates it does not have enough acidity to balance
352-636: The New World , the grape is grown in California and Northern Michigan, New Zealand , and in Mendoza , the most important wine region of Argentina and in the far south of Chile . In the Middle East , the grape is grown in the Golan Heights . Australian Gewürztraminer is more notable for its occasional use of old names like Traminer Musqué and Gentil Rose Aromatique than the actual quality of
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#1732783912365384-507: The Traminer family is complicated, and not helped by its rather unstable genome . The story starts with the ancient Traminer variety, a green-skinned grape that takes its name from the village of Tramin , located in South Tyrol , the mainly German-speaking province in northern Italy . The famous ampelographer Pierre Galet thought that Traminer was identical to the green-skinned Savagnin blanc (not Sauvignon blanc) that makes vin jaune in
416-678: The United States , Gewürztraminer grapes are concentrated in Monterey, Mendocino and Sonoma in California , the Columbia Valley of Washington and Oregon , and the Snake River Region of Idaho. It is also grown in Michigan , Rhode Island , Caddo County, Oklahoma , Ohio , Pennsylvania , Kentucky , Indiana , Hawaii , Texas , Virginia , Maryland , Missouri , New Mexico , New Hampshire , Grand Valley, Colorado and
448-753: The Jura, which was known to the Germans as Cleven. The Klevener de Heiligenstein or Heiligensteiner Klevener found around Heiligenstein in Alsace may represent an outpost of the Durbach vines. They are often described as a less aromatic form of Gewürztraminer. Traminer is recorded in Tramin from ca. 1000 until the 16th century. It was spread down the Rhine to Alsace, by way of the Palatinate , where Gewürz (spice)
480-756: The Jura. More recently it has been suggested that Savagnin blanc acquired slight differences in its leaf shape and geraniol content as it travelled to the other end of the Alps. Frankisch in Austria, Gringet in Savoie, Heida in Switzerland, Formentin in Hungary and Grumin from Bohemia are all very similar to Savagnin blanc and probably represent clones of the Traminer family, if not Traminer itself. The Viognier of
512-583: The Rhone Valley may be a more distant relative of Savagnin blanc. At some point, either Traminer or Savagnin blanc mutated into a form with pink-skinned berries, called Red Traminer or Savagnin rose. Galet believed that a musqué ('muscat-like') mutation in the Red Traminer/Savagnin rose then led to the extra-aromatic Gewürztraminer, although in Germany these names are all regarded as synonymous. With these convoluted genetics happening in
544-813: The area that has been the front line for a millennium of wars in Europe, it is maybe not surprising that vines have been misnamed. Given that the wine made from 'Gewürztraminer' in Germany can be much less aromatic than that in Alsace, some of the German vines may well be misidentified Savagnin Rose. The Baden vineyard of Durbach claims its own type of Red Traminer called Durbacher Clevner (not to be confused with "Klevner", an Austrian synonym for Pinot blanc ). The story goes that in 1780 Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden brought vines from Chiavenna in Italy, halfway between Tramin and
576-623: The huge amounts of sugar, and picking early to retain the acidity means that the varietal aromas do not develop. These aromas may be further diluted by overcropping in an attempt to overcome the low yields. Genetic instability means that the Traminers should be regarded as a family of related clones, rather than distinct varieties. Thus DNA analysis will probably reveal that the following names are not synonymous. It gets even worse when it comes to Gewürztraminer, as Geilweilerhof, being Germans, see no difference between it and Red Traminer – and some of
608-488: The late 20th century, Australian viticulturalist and grape breeder A.J. Antcliff crossed Gewürztraminer with Merbein 29-56 to create the white grape variety Taminga . During a series of trials between 1924 and 1930, Gewürztraminer was crossed with Trebbiano to create the pink-skinned Italian wine grape variety Manzoni rosa . In 1970s, Czech winemaker and grape breeder Ing. Josef Veverka crossed in former Czechoslovakia Gewürztraminer with Müller-Thurgau to create
640-517: The names look like they belong to the original green-skinned Traminer/Savagnin blanc. Still, with those caveats, here they are: Pinot blanc Pinot blanc or Pinot bianco is a white wine grape . It is a point genetic mutation of Pinot noir . Pinot noir is genetically unstable and will occasionally experience a point mutation in which a vine bears all black fruit except for one cane which produces white fruit. In Alsace, Germany, Luxembourg, Italy, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia,
672-466: The reasonably successful Perle . The early-ripening Siegerrebe is the result of a cross with Madeleine Angevine at Alzey and is notable for producing the highest ever must weight recorded in Germany, 326 ° Oechsle . A cross between Müller-Thurgau and Siegerrebe produced Ortega . Cserszegi fűszeres is the result of a Hungarian cross with Irsai Oliver . In 1938, Harold Olmo crossed Sémillon and Gewürztraminer at U.C. Davis to make Flora , which
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#1732783912365704-409: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Haiden . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haiden&oldid=1243813355 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
736-485: The varieties Pinot blanc, Auxerrois blanc , Pinot gris and Pinot noir (vinified white, without skin contact) may all be used, but a blend of Pinot blanc and Auxerrois blanc is the most common. The most full-bodied "Pinot blanc" wines from Alsace, with a spicy and smokey character and moderate acidity, are probably dominated by Auxerrois grapes. Historically, Pinot blanc was used both in Burgundy and Champagne . It
768-614: The variety, but it is very different from that of their neighbours across the Rhine. As suggested above much of their "Gewürztraminer" is probably Red Traminer. The Germans go for a relatively dry style, that tries to subdue the natural flamboyance of the grape. The Traminer is native to the cool Alpine slopes of the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in northeastern Italy. Whether the Gewürz- mutant originated there or not
800-631: The very dry Trimbach house style to the very sweet. The variety's high natural sugar means that it is popular for making dessert wine , both vendange tardive and the noble rot -affected Sélection de Grains Nobles . As mentioned above, around Heiligenstein there is a grape known as Klevener de Heiligenstein, which is a Red Traminer (Savagnin Rose) and not a true Gewürz; the Heiligenstein wines are certainly more restrained than other Gewurztraminers d'Alsace. Germany has about 10 square kilometres of
832-475: The vine. This mistake was discovered around the mid-1980s by a French oenologist who was examining rootstock while visiting University of California, Davis , and now Pinot blanc purchased from a nursery will be the genuine article. The grape is also grown in Austria and Hungary as well as in Burgundy , France. In Canada, Pinot blanc is often used to make ice wine . Canada's Okanagan Valley has developed
864-634: The vineyards were replanted. In 1973 the name Traminer was discontinued in Alsace except for in the Heiligenstein area. The Germans have tried hard to breed the flavours of Gewürztraminer into vines that are easier to grow. In 1932, Georg Scheu crossed Gewürztraminer with Müller-Thurgau to produce Würzer , a little of which is grown in Rheinhessen and in England. Similar crosses at Alzey and Würzburg respectively have produced Septimer and
896-547: The white Italian wine grape variety Manzoni bianco . In Alsace , Italy and Hungary , the wine produced from this grape is a full-bodied dry white wine while in Germany and Austria they can be either dry or sweet. One of the components of the wine Vin Santo can be Pinot blanc. In France the grape is often blended with Klevner , sometimes referred to by locals as "true Pinot", and Auxerrois grapes, in order to give it
928-665: The wine grape variety Pálava (the name refers to the Pálava hills located in the south Moravia). The grape variety is pink-skinned, earlier, more productive and of a finer traminer-like aroma. Pálava is grown in Moravia ( Czech Republic ) and Slovakia . In Europe , the grape is grown in Austria , Bulgaria , Croatia , Czech Republic , France , Germany , Greece , Hungary , Italy , Luxembourg , North Macedonia , Romania , Serbia , Slovakia , Slovenia , Spain and in Turkey . In
960-504: The wine produced from this grape is a full-bodied white. In Germany , where it is known as Weißer Burgunder or Weißburgunder, there were 5,540 hectares (13,700 acres) of Pinot blanc in 2018. The most powerful versions are usually made in Baden and Palatinate . In 2018, there were 1,232 hectares (3,040 acres) of Pinot blanc in France , with most of the plantations found in Alsace , where it
992-604: The wines. However recently those from the country's coolest regions can be fine examples. These include Gewürztraminers from the Adelaide Hills , Eden Valley , the island of Tasmania , Clare Valley , Yarra Valley and the vineyards scattered in the Australian Alps . The Macedon Ranges, just north of Melbourne, has a cold climate and volcanic soils, much suited to production of Gewürztraminer. (Macedon Ranges Vignerons Association.) Canadian wine regions where it
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1024-441: Was added to its name – presumably this was when one of the mutations happened. The longer name was first used in Alsace (then under German rule) in the 1870's (. It is not clear what this name change represents, as it seems too great a coincidence that the musqué mutation happened just after the arrival of the great phylloxera epidemic. More likely, an existing mutant was selected for grafting onto phylloxera-resistant rootstocks when
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