The Hainan Island International Film Festival ( Chinese : 海南岛国际电影节 ) is a film festival held in Sanya , Hainan , China . The inaugural festival was held from December 9 to 16, and included forums, ceremonies, and competitions. Actor Jackie Chan is the promotional ambassador.
113-466: Along with Chan, the festival was attended by a number of international film personalities, including Turkish film director Nuri Bilge Ceylan , Bollywood star Aamir Khan , and Hollywood film stars such as Johnny Depp , Nicolas Cage and Mads Mikkelsen . The festival's top prize was awarded to Dying to Survive , with the award presented by Khan. Film of the Year: " Dying To Survive " Director of
226-619: A documentary produced by Fuat Uzkınay in 1914, depicted the destruction of a Russian monument erected at the end of the 1877-1878 Russo-Ottoman War in Yeşilköy (then known as "San Stefano") following Ottoman Empire's entry into World War I . The first thematic films in Ottoman Empire were The Marriage of Himmet Aga (1916–1918), started by Weinberg and completed by Uzkinay, and The Paw (1917) and The Spy (1917), both by Sedat Simavi . The army-affiliated Central Cinema Directorate,
339-471: A Job Interview (2017), directed by Alkım Özmen http://www.kameraarkasi.org/yonetmenler/kisafilmler/birisgorusmesihikayesi.html -Suclular / The Criminals (2020), directed by Serhat Karaaslan Turkish culture The culture of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye kültürü ) or the Turkish culture ( Türk kültürü ) combines a heavily diverse and heterogeneous set of elements that have been derived from
452-519: A Liver" ( Tunisia /France/ Lebanon ) Best Actor Award: Sammy Boyajira "A Father's Search for a Liver", Ryuhei Matsuda " Beneath the Shadow " ( Japan ) Best Actress Award: Suolang Wangmo "Balloon" (Tibet) Best Technical Award: "Snake White" (China) Best Children's Film Award: " 1982 " ( United States /Lebanon/ Norway / Qatar ) Best Documentary Award: "About Love" ( India ) Best Short Film Award: "Everything Has Form" ( Colombia ) Special Award of
565-566: A cinema law have been held, but without any result. Finally, in 1986, a cinema law, though highly criticised by members of the industry and the cinema intelligentsia of that time, was passed by the parliament and has since been the fundamental legislative document regarding cinema issues in Turkey. The new law aimed to ensure support for those working in cinema and music. A reorganization of the film industry began in 1987 to address problems and assure its development. The Ministry of Culture established
678-516: A daughter company of the İpek Merchandise, an import company that was advertising in Ottoman literary journals such as Servet-i Fünun as early as the 19th century. Another important company in the early era of Turkish cinema was Kemal Film , a company whose continuous presence as a leading import company has been often overlooked for a few local films it produced during the 1920s. (The founders of Kemal Film bought their first film camera on loan from
791-408: A great boost when, on 13 May 1277, Karamanoğlu Mehmed Bey declared Turkish the official state language of Anatolia 's powerful Karamanid state; subsequently, many of the tradition's greatest poets would continue to emerge from this region. There are, broadly speaking, two traditions of Turkish folk poetries; Much of the poetry and song of the aşık/ozan tradition, being almost exclusively oral until
904-456: A greater output produced in Turkey than all previous years combined. During the 1960s, Turkey became the fifth biggest film producer worldwide as annual film production reached the 300-film benchmark just at the beginning of the 1970s. Compared to other national cinemas, the achievements of the Turkish film industry after 1950 are still remarkable. During the 1970s, the impact of TV and video as
1017-481: A national team. Another major sport in which the Turks have been internationally successful is weightlifting ; as Turkish weightlifters, both male and female, have broken numerous world records and won several European, World and Olympic championship titles. Naim Süleymanoğlu and Halil Mutlu have achieved legendary status as one of the few weightlifters to have won three gold medals in three Olympics. Turkey hosted
1130-480: A particular design to a specific ethnic, regional, or even nomadic versus village tradition. Turkish film directors have won numerous prestigious awards in the recent years. Nuri Bilge Ceylan won the Best Director Award at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival with the film Üç Maymun . This was the fourth time that Ceylan received an award at Cannes , following the awards for the film Uzak (which
1243-411: A popular art, "to explore the people's tastes, to determine them, and to make them reign supreme over art".[21] To this end, and inspired in part by contemporary French poets like Jacques Prévert, they employed not only a variant of the free verse introduced by Nâzım Hikmet, but also highly colloquial language, and wrote primarily about mundane daily subjects and the ordinary man on the street. The reaction
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#17327763174431356-497: A result of an increasing number of foreign architects being invited to work in the country, mostly from Germany and Austria . The Second World War was a period of isolation, during which the Second National Architectural Movement emerged. Similar to Fascist architecture , the movement aimed to create modern but nationalistic architecture. Starting from the 1950s, isolation from the rest of
1469-481: A revival since 2002, having produced critically acclaimed movies such as Uzak ( Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival), 2003 ), Babam ve Oğlum ( My Father and My Son ) and Propaganda . Increased production costs and difficulties in the import of raw materials brought about a decrease in the number of films made in the 1970s, but the quality of films improved. In the early nineties, there were barely two or three movies released per year. During this period, most of
1582-566: A semi-military national defense society, and the Disabled Veterans Society were the producing organizations of that period. In 1922, a major documentary film, Independence, the İzmir Victory , was made about the Turkish War of Independence . That same year, the first private movie studio, Kemal Film, commenced operations. The years between 1939 and 1950 were a period of transition for Turkish cinema, during which it
1695-427: A strong reception. "Körler / Jaluziler İçin " is the first internationally awarded Turkish science fiction feature film which is not a comedy, a cult film, a remake or an animation which marks its unique place as a milestone in the history of Turkish cinema. It was written, directed, produced and edited by Ozan Duru Adam. The film invents an innovative, unconventional visual language. Production numbers also soared in
1808-585: A vast array of technical specialities. It can be observed that various regions of the Ottoman Empire contain bits and pieces of the vast Ottoman dishes. Taken as a whole, Turkish cuisine is not homogenous. Aside from common Turkish specialities which can be found throughout the country, there are also region-specific specialities. The Black Sea region's cuisine (northern Turkey) is based on corn and anchovies. The southeast— Urfa , Gaziantep and Adana —is famous for its kebabs , mezes and dough-based desserts such as baklava , kadayıf and künefe . Especially in
1921-463: A very different tradition, but evincing a similar strong political viewpoint, was the satirical short-story writer Aziz Nesin . Other important novelists of this period were Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar and Oğuz Atay . Orhan Pamuk , winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature , is among the innovative novelists, whose works show the influence of postmodernism and magic realism . Important poets of
2034-666: Is football . Turkey's top teams include Fenerbahçe , Galatasaray and Beşiktaş . In 2000, Galatasaray cemented its role as a major European club by winning the UEFA Cup and UEFA Super Cup . Two years later the Turkey national team finished third in the 2002 FIFA World Cup held in Japan and South Korea, while in 2008 the national team reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Euro 2008 competition. Other mainstream sports such as basketball and volleyball are also popular. Turkey hosted
2147-592: Is dramatized, for example, in the form of the "new symbols of the clash and interlacing of cultures" enacted in the novels of Orhan Pamuk , recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature . Architecture under the Anatolian Seljuks incorporated an eclectic mix of influences, adopting local Byzantine , Armenian , and Georgian elements and combining them with designs from Islamic Syria, Iran, Iraq, and Central Asia. Their monuments were largely built in dressed stone, with brick used for minarets. Decoration
2260-638: Is more popular in cinema and theater. Storytellers Meddah , Aytysh , Ozan have risk of getting lost in new generation. Traditional Turkish theater from Ottoman Empire has orta oyunu , Karagöz and Hacivat for comedy. Turkish folklore comedy figures have Keloğlan , Nasreddin . Accent comedy and quick answer are common in daily life. Black Sea Region humour is the most popular. Supporting role in drama film has comedy in daily life. Despite this, Turkish comedy movies have novelty. It hasn't humour style in daily life. Sadri Alışık played iconic character Turist Ömer . In Ayhan Işık ’s drama film, Sadri Alışık
2373-457: Is named after Yeşilçam Street in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul where many actors, directors, crew members and studios were based. Yeşilçam movies are known for iconic unforgotten songs. Soundtrack songs are still widely successful. It being called Turkish : Yeşilçam şarkıları or Turkish : Yeşilçam müzikleri . Some famous partners of Yeşilçam are Yeşilçam experienced its heyday from
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#17327763174432486-879: Is partner for comedy. The franchise films “Turist Ömer” has parody of Star Trek , Awaara . Sadri Alışık is musical stand-up comedian. Ayhan Işık and Sadri Alışık graduated from picture department of Fine Art State Academy . Levent Kırca and his wife Oya Başar wrote, played, produced in long-running sketches, Olacak O Kadar (1988–2010). Yılmaz Erdoğan became chief screenwriter Olacak O Kadar . Comedians Cem Yılmaz , Tolga Çevik , Ata Demirer played as actor in Yılmaz Erdoğan ’s franchise films Vizontele , Organize İşler and Gülse Birsel ’s Avrupa Yakası . Tolga Çevik married to Cem Yılmaz's sister. After female pioneer comedy actresses Adile Naşit , Ayşen Gruda , Perran Kutman , Oya Başar , Demet Akbağ . Auteurs Burak Aksak and Selçuk Aydemir are cousins. Although
2599-582: Is said to have taken control of almost everything regarding production. A leading figure of the trust was producer Türker İnanoğlu , who is still active in the media business today, running Ulusal Film , which was Turkey's largest TV production company. The first film showing in Ottoman Empire was held in the Yıldız Palace , Istanbul in 1896. Public shows by Sigmund Weinberg in the Beyoğlu and Şehzadebaşı districts followed in 1897. Weinberg
2712-630: The Genç Kalemler journal in the Ottoman period. Young Pens was published in Selanik under Ömer Seyfettin , Ziya Gökalp and Ali Canip Yöntem. They covered the social and political concepts of their time with the nationalistic perspective. They were the core of a movement which became known as the "national literature." With the declaration of the Turkish Republic in 1923, Turkish literature became interested in folkloric styles. This
2825-682: The 2005 Summer Universiade in İzmir and the 2011 Winter Universiade in Erzurum . Turkish cuisine inherited its Ottoman heritage which could be described as a fusion and refinement of Turkic and Persian cuisines. Turkish cuisine also influenced Greek , Armenian , Arabic , Persian , Balkan and Middle East cuisines and other neighbouring cuisines, as well as western European cuisines. Ottomans fused various culinary traditions of their realm with influences from Middle Eastern cuisines, along with traditional Turkic elements from Central Asia such as yogurt . The Ottoman Empire indeed created
2938-632: The 2010 FIBA World Championship international basketball tournament and reached the final. The men's national basketball team finished second in Eurobasket 2001 ; while Efes Pilsen S.K. won the Korać Cup in 1996, finished second in the Saporta Cup of 1993, and made it to the Final Four of Euroleague and Suproleague in 2000 and 2001. Turkish basketball players have also been successful in
3051-928: The Berlin Film Festival in 1964. This honor was the first of its kind ever bestowed upon a Turkish movie. Cüneyt Gökçer 's students Kartal Tibet and Hülya Koçyiğit who started in theatre as child actors are one of first cinema stars who graduated from theatre department of State Conservatory. Also Kartal Tibet was professional basketball player and Hülya Koçyiğit was ballet dancer. After they played together in many films. Kartal Tibet as director, screenwriter and Hülya Koçyiğit as productor worked together in classic films. Also, Kartal Tibet worked as director in TV industry. He helped to launch for acting style in beginning of career of new TV stars who Turkish TV series increased international popularity and won awards like International Emmy Award. The number of cinemagoers and
3164-590: The First National Architectural Movement was led by architects like Mimar Kemaleddin and Vedat Tek . In the first years of the Turkish Republic, founded in 1923, Turkish architecture was influenced by Ottoman architecture , in particular during the First National Architectural Movement. However, from the 1930s, architectural styles started to differ from traditional architecture, also as
3277-794: The Golden Bear Award at the 2004 Berlin Film Festival with the film Head-On . The film won numerous other awards in many international film festivals. Fatih Akın was nominated for the Golden Palm and won the Best Screenplay Award at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival ; as well as the Golden Orange at the 2007 Antalya Film Festival; the Lino Brocka Award at the 2007 Cinemanila Film Festival;
3390-689: The NBA . In June 2004, Mehmet Okur won the 2004 NBA Championship with the Detroit Pistons , becoming the first Turkish player to win an NBA title. Okur was selected to the Western Conference All-Star Team for the 2007 NBA All-Star Game , also becoming the first Turkish player to participate in this event. Another successful Turkish player in the NBA is Hidayet Türkoğlu , who was given the NBA's Most Improved Player Award for
3503-651: The Ottoman Empire was the Lumière Brothers ' 1895 film, L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat , which was shown in Constantinople (modern day Istanbul ) in 1896. The Weavers (1905), by the Manaki brothers, was the first film made in the Ottoman Empire. The earliest surviving film made in what is present-day Turkey was a documentary entitled Ayastefanos'taki Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı ( Demolition of
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3616-676: The one-act comedy " Şair Evlenmesi " (The Poet's Marriage). Most of the roots of modern Turkish literature were formed between the years 1896 and 1923. Broadly, there were three primary literary movements during this period: the Edebiyyât-ı Cedîde (New Literature) movement; the Fecr-i Âtî (Dawn of the Future) movement; and the Millî Edebiyyât (National Literature) movement. The Edebiyyât-ı Cedîde (New Literature) movement began with
3729-505: The "Professional Union of Owners of Turkish Works of Cinema" the same year. The "Copyrights and General Directorate of Cinema" was founded in 1989 as well as a "Support Fund for the Cinema and Musical Arts". This fund is used to provide financial support to the film sector. One of the most interesting studies on the issue of film censorship in Turkey is Alim Şerif Onaran 's Sinematografik Hürriyet ( Cinematic Freedom ), published in 1968 by
3842-518: The "Second New" vein were Turgut Uyar (1927–1985), Edip Cansever (1928–1986), Cemal Süreya (1931–1990), Ece Ayhan (1931–2002), and İlhan Berk (1918–2008). Outside of the Garip and "Second New" movements also, a number of significant poets have flourished, such as Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca (1914–2008), who wrote poems dealing with fundamental concepts like life, death, God, time, and the cosmos; Behçet Necatigil (1916–1979), whose somewhat allegorical poems explore
3955-601: The 17th century, Ottoman architecture was increasingly open to outside influences. Shifts during the Tulip Period were followed by the appearance of the Ottoman Baroque style in the 1740s. In the 19th century, Western European influences increased and architects such as the Balyans produced eclectic works like the luxurious Dolmabaçe Palace . In the early 20th-century, a kind of Ottoman revivalism known as
4068-399: The 1932 novel Yaban ( The Wilds ) by Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu . This novel can be seen as the precursor to two trends that would soon develop: social realism , and the "village novel" ( köy romanı ). The social realist movement was led by the short-story writer Sait Faik Abasıyanık . The major writers of the "village novel" tradition were Kemal Tahir , Orhan Kemal , and Yaşar Kemal . In
4181-458: The 1950s to the 1970s, when it produced 250 to 350 films annually. Between 1950 and 1966 more than fifty movie directors practiced film arts in Turkey. Ömer Lütfi Akad strongly influenced the period, but Ertem Eğilmez , Osman Fahir Seden , Atıf Yılmaz , and Memduh Ün made the most films. The film Susuz Yaz , made by Metin Erksan , alongside Hülya Koçyiğit won the Golden Bear Award at
4294-410: The 1950s, when local film production dramatically increased and local films surpassed imported films in both ticket sales and revenues. This system became the financial foundation of Yeşilçam (often referred to as "Turkish Hollywood"), which was the heart of Turkish film production between the years 1955–1975. After 1965, a so-called "Combined System" ( Kombine Sistem ) led by a trust of regional leaders
4407-422: The 1990s the average number of films produced per year remained between 10 and 15; usually half of them not even making it into the theatres. Since 1995 the situation has improved. After the year 2000, annual ticket sales rose to 20 million and since 1995, the number of theatres has steadily increased to approximately 500 nationwide. Currently, Turkish films attract audiences of millions of viewers and routinely top
4520-567: The 19th century were Ferik İbrahim Paşa , Osman Nuri Paşa , Şeker Ahmet Paşa , and Hoca Ali Riza . Carpet ( halı ) and tapestry ( kilim ) weaving is a traditional Turkish art form with roots in pre-Islamic times. During its long history, the art and craft of weaving carpets and tapestries in Turkey has integrated numerous cultural traditions. Apart from the Turkic design patterns that are prevalent, traces of Persian and Byzantine patterns can also be detected. There are also similarities with
4633-399: The 19th century, remains anonymous. There are, however, a few well-known aşıks from before that time whose names have survived together with their works: the aforementioned Köroğlu (16th century); Karacaoğlan (1606?–1689?), who may be the best-known of the pre-19th century aşıks; Dadaloğlu (1785?–1868?), who was one of the last of the great aşıks before the tradition began to dwindle somewhat in
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4746-622: The 2007–2008 season, on April 28, 2008. Basketball has received further attention and media coverage in 2010s with Fenerbahce Basketball and Anadolu Efes S.K. making 6 straight Euroleague Final Four appearances combined, along with winning the Euroleague title in 2017 and 2021 respectively. Women's volleyball teams such as Eczacıbaşı , Vakıfbank , and Fenerbahçe have been the most successful by far in any team sport, winning numerous European championship titles and medals. Motorsports have become popular recently, especially following
4859-743: The Best Film and Scholars Jury awards at the 2003 David di Donatello Awards , the Crystal Globe and Best Director awards at the 2003 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival , the 2003 Silver Ribbon for Best Original Story from the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists , the Festival Prize at the 2004 Foyle Film Festival, the Audience Award at the 2004 Rehoboth Beach Independent Film Festival, and
4972-818: The Best Screenwriter award at the 2007 European Film Awards; the Best Direction, Best Screenplay and Outstanding Feature Film awards at the 2008 German Film Awards; the Best Feature Film and Best Screenplay awards at the 2008 RiverRun Film Festival; the 2008 Bavarian Film Award; and the Lux Prize by the European Parliament , with the film The Edge of Heaven . Other important films of Akın, such as Kurz und schmerzlos (1998), In July (2000), Solino (2002), and Crossing
5085-485: The Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul (2005) won numerous awards. Another famous Turkish film director is Ferzan Özpetek , whose films like Hamam (1997), Harem suaré (1999), Le Fate Ignoranti (2001), La finestra di fronte (2003), Cuore Sacro (2005) and Saturno contro (2007) won him international fame and awards. The film La finestra di fronte (2003) was particularly successful, winning
5198-568: The Byzantine and Mediterranean worlds encouraged further experimentation and syncretism. The architecture of the early Ottomans experimented with different building types, including single-domed mosques, multi-domed buildings, and religious buildings with T-shaped floor plans. This eventually evolved into the Classical Ottoman style that was consolidated during the 16th and 17th centuries. This style, drawing strong influence from
5311-622: The Canvas Audience Award at the 2004 Flanders International Film Festival. The traditional Turkish national sport has been the Yağlı güreş ( Oiled Wrestling ) since Ottoman times. The annual international yağlı güreş (oiled wrestling) tournament that's held in Kırkpınar near Edirne is the oldest continuously running, sanctioned sporting competition in the world, having taken place every year since 1362. The most popular sport in Turkey
5424-809: The Hagia Sophia, produced grand imperial mosques designed around a central dome and a varying number of semi-domes. This period is also associated with the most famous Ottoman architect, Mimar Sinan (d. 1588). Among his over 300 designs across the empire, his most important works include the Şehzade Mosque in Istanbul, the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul, and the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne. In decorative arts, Iznik tiles reached their artistic peak and were used in many buildings. After
5537-496: The Ipek Merchandise). Both companies were the strongest film distributors until the 1950s and the only companies that were financially sound enough to produce films themselves, with low risks for financial failure as they already were in possession of a distribution system and theatre chains that guaranteed a return on investment. However, the notable developments of these companies must be seen as necessary adaptations to
5650-563: The Ministry of Internal Affairs, but written in 1963 and being the first study in Turkey which received a PhD for a topic related to film. This study is still the most important -if not only- study on the film evaluation methods applied in Turkey before the 1950s. Onaran himself being active as a member of the Film Rating Commission in his younger years, was a true expert on the topic, and his research also includes examples of
5763-633: The Organizing Committee: "4K Ultra HD Live Movie" "At This Moment - Celebrating the 70th Anniversary of New China" Best Picture Award: Laura Citarella's "In the Mist" Best Director Award: Alice Diop "Saint Omer" Jury Prize: Charlotte Wells, "Sunday Holiday" Best Screenplay Award: Isabel Peña, Rodrigo Sorogoyan, "Those Beasts" Best Actor Award: Karim Lakelu, "Sons of Paris" Best Actress Award: Vera Gemma "Vera" Best Technical Award: Qiao Sixue "Umbilical Cord" Best Documentary Award: "We,
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#17327763174435876-628: The Republic of Turkey period include Ahmet Haşim , Yahya Kemal Beyatlı and Nâzım Hikmet (who introduced the free verse style). Orhan Veli Kanık , Melih Cevdet Anday and Oktay Rifat led the Garip movement; while Turgut Uyar, Edip Cansever and Cemal Süreya led the İkinci Yeni movement. Outside of the Garip and İkinci Yeni movements, a number of other significant poets such as Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca , Behçet Necatigil and Can Yücel also flourished. The mix of cultural influences in Turkey
5989-712: The Russian Monument at San Stefano ), directed by Fuat Uzkınay and completed in 1914. The first narrative film in Ottoman Empire isn't known for certain. Turkey's first sound film Bir Millet Uyanıyor was shown in 1931. Traditional Turkish theater had improvisation storytellers like Meddah , orta oyunu , Karagöz and Hacivat . Western storytelling drama format evolved, After Darülbedayi (1914) in Ottoman Empire and Ankara State Conservatory (1936) in Turkey. Due to their training format, Theater actors moved away from cinema or they only did dubbing in cinema. So, Turkish cinema started to evolve in 1960s. Yeşilçam era
6102-825: The State Film Archives both date from the 1960s. The State Film Archives became the Turkish Film Archives in 1969. During the same period, the Cinema-TV Institute was founded and annexed to the State Academy of Fine Arts . The Turkish State Archives also became part of this organization. In 1962, the Cinema-TV Institute became a department of Mimar Sinan University . Well-known directors of the 1960–1970 period include Metin Erksan, Atıf Yılmaz, Memduh Ün, Halit Refiğ , Duygu Sağıroğlu , Remzi Aydın Jöntürk and Nevzat Pesen . In 1970,
6215-891: The Students" by Rafiki Faala Best Short Film Award: Thanasis Neofotistos "Stewardess-737" Best Film Award: "Family Picture" Jury Prize: "Summer Cicada" Best Director Award: Wanma Tseden's "Snow Leopard" Best Screenplay Award: Roberto Andò , Massimo Gaudioso , Ugo Chiti , "The Greatest Adventure" Best Actor: Paul Kirsher, "Animal Kingdom" Best Actress: Delague Campbell, "Family Pictures" Best Short Film: "Swear to God" Best Documentary: "Children of Boko Haram" Best Children's Film: "Little Children" Best Technical Award: "Family Photo" Official website Turkish film Cinema of Turkey or Turkish cinema (also formerly known as Yeşilçam , which literally means Green Pine in Turkish ), ( Turkish pronunciation: [ˈjeʃiltʃam] ) or Türk sineması refers to
6328-739: The Trieste Film Festival (2004). More recently, Semih Kaplanoğlu won the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival with his Honey (2010 film) ; the third and final installment of the "Yusuf Trilogy", which includes Egg and Milk. This was the second time a Turkish film wins the award; first one being Susuz Yaz by Metin Erksan in 1964. Turkish film director Fatih Akın , who lives in Germany and has dual Turkish-German citizenship, won
6441-1240: The Turkish film art and industry . It is an important part of Turkish culture , and has flourished over the years, delivering entertainment to audiences in Turkey , Turkish expatriates across Europe , Balkans & Eastern Europe , also more recently prospering in the Arab world besides the Egyptian cinema and to a lesser extent, the rest of the world. In the ancient Turks before Islam, Turkish storytelling developed from shaman and humanistic ritual practiced. Shaman ritual had nature, spiritual elements with music, imitation. Female shamans are more powerful. Male shamans can wear women accessories. Storytelling accompanied by music had erudite advices, imitations, witty, rhymed verses, historically mindful, inventive and usually includes fantasy figures. Bakshy , Ashik , Ozan continue traditional storytelling in Turkic countries . However Aytysh could improvised competitions in 1990s in media of Turkey. They have risk of getting lost in new generation. The first film exhibited in
6554-411: The Turkish Cinema's future style and its new director generation. There are countless number of Turkish short films received awards both in national and international festivals. Here are some of it: -Kefaret (2016), directed by Ali Kışlar -Kronos (2019) -Lütfi (2016), directed by Cahit Kaya Demir -Balık (2019), directed by Ercan Bayraktar -Mother Mariam (2020), directed by Mustafa Gürbüz -Story of
6667-549: The Turkish leg of the F1 Powerboat Racing championship; while the Turkish leg of the Red Bull Air Race World Series , an air racing competition, takes place above the Golden Horn in Istanbul. Surfing, snowboarding, skateboarding, paragliding, and other extreme sports are becoming more popular every year. International wrestling styles governed by FILA such as Freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling are also popular, with many European, World and Olympic championship titles won by Turkish wrestlers both individually and as
6780-436: The Year: Wen Muye " Dying To Survive " Actor of the Year: Xu Zheng in " Dying To Survive ", Aaron Kwok in " Project Gutenberg " Actress of the Year: Yao Chen in " Lost, Found " Supporting Actor of the Year: Du Jiang " Operation Red Sea " Supporting Actress of the Year: Feng Wenjuan " Project Gutenberg " Screenwriter of the Year: He Jiping, Jiang Wen , Li Fei, Sun Yue, Zhang Beihai " Hidden Man " New Actor of
6893-408: The Year: Yung Chung Erjia, "Ala Changso" New Director of the Year: Dong Yue " The Looming Storm " Animated Movie of the Year: "The Wind Guardians" Best Film Award: Penma Tseden's "Balloon" ( Tibet ) Jury Prize: Oliver Laxe's " Fire Will Come " ( Spain / France / Luxembourg ) Best Director Award: Wang Lina "The First Farewell" (China) Best Screenplay Award: Mehdi Basoy "A Father's Search for
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#17327763174437006-433: The beginning of spring and the beginning of the new year . The establishment of Nowruz has a long history, so much so that it has been celebrated in different parts of Asia for the past three thousand years, especially in the Middle East . In different parts of Turkey, especially the Kurdish regions of this country, Nowruz is considered one of the most important cultural and historical traditions of these regions. Lighting
7119-453: The blockbuster lists, often surpassing foreign films at the box office. However, it is difficult to speak about the existence of an industry, since most films are rather individual projects of directors who otherwise earn their living in television, advertising or theatre. The distribution of these films are mainly handled by multinational corporations such as Warner Bros. and United International Pictures . From 1923 to 1939, Muhsin Ertuğrul
7232-1104: The cinema began to lose its audiences, due to nationwide TV broadcasts. After 1970, a new and younger generation of directors emerged, but they had to cope with an increased demand for video films after 1980. Yeşilçam 's actresses featured included Emel Sayın , Adile Naşit , Zerrin Egeliler , Itır Esen , Filiz Akın , Fatma Girik , Hülya Koçyiğit , Gülşen Bubikoğlu , Türkan Şoray , Belgin Doruk , Hülya Avşar , Oya Aydoğan , Perihan Savaş , Necla Nazır , Çolpan İlhan , Ayşen Gruda , Nevra Serezli , Müjde Ar , Perran Kutman and Yeşilçam actors are Tarık Akan , Şener Şen , Cüneyt Arkın , Göksel Arsoy , Kemal Sunal , Kadir İnanır , Müşfik Kenter , Münir Özkul , Halit Akçatepe , Hulusi Kentmen , Zeki Alasya , Metin Akpınar , Ediz Hun , Kartal Tibet , Ayhan Işık , Sadri Alışık , Zeki Müren , Ekrem Bora , Metin Serezli , Hüseyin Peyda , Ahmet Mekin , Tamer Yiğit , Kenan Pars , Rüştü Asyalı , Kamran Usluer , Erol Taş , Önder Somer , Müjdat Gezen , Salih Güney , Sertan Acar , Yılmaz Güney , Orhan Gencebay . 1970s and 1980s also brought
7345-401: The collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the government invested large sums of resources into fine arts such as architecture and sculpture, and other artistic fields around the country in-line with the newly implemented reformist and West-leaning policies . This was done as part of a process of modernization, westernization, and of creating and outlining a new Turkish cultural identity, rather than
7458-448: The founding in 1891 of the magazine Servet-i Fünûn ( Scientific Wealth ), which was largely devoted to progress (both intellectual and scientific) along the Western model. Accordingly, the magazine's literary ventures, under the direction of the poet Tevfik Fikret , were geared towards creating a Western-style " high art " in Turkey. Poetry is the most dominant form of literature in modern Turkey. The ' folk poetry ' as indicated above,
7571-418: The genre of Turksploitation - low-budget exploitation films that were either remakes of, or used unauthorized footage from popular foreign films (particularly Hollywood movies ) and television series. Yeşilçam suffered due to the spread of television and the widespread political violence at the end of the 1970s. Yeşilçam totally ended after the 1980 Turkish coup d'état . However, Yeşilçam has seen
7684-468: The inclusion of the Rally of Turkey to the FIA World Rally Championship calendar in 2003, and the inclusion of the Turkish Grand Prix to the Formula One racing calendar in 2005. Other important annual motorsports events which are held at the Istanbul Park racing circuit include the MotoGP Grand Prix of Turkey , the FIA World Touring Car Championship , the GP2 Series and the Le Mans Series . From time to time Istanbul and Antalya also host
7797-410: The industry. A few years later, Cem Yılmaz released his own film, G.O.R.A. , which he both wrote and starred in. This, and Vizontele's sequel Vizontele Tuuba , broke Vizontele' s records by achieving 3.5 million and 3 million viewers, respectively. Since then, larger-budgeted films have been produced, including notable examples such as Kurtlar Vadisi: Irak ( Valley of the Wolves: Iraq ), which
7910-438: The issue of whether films would have a bad impact on children. This was a popular theme at that time, not just in Turkey, but also in the United States and elsewhere in the world. Later, in the 1960s, a debate around the so-called "Baykam Law" which was proposed by Suphi Baykam became quite famous for the tension it created amongst the parliamentarians and the stakeholders in the industry. In 1977 and 1978, further discussions for
8023-422: The language of Ottoman written literature and introduced previously unknown Western genres, primarily the novel and the short story. Many of the writers in the Tanzimat period wrote in several different genres simultaneously: for instance, the poet Namık Kemal also wrote the important 1876 novel İntibâh (Awakening), while the journalist İbrahim Şinasi is noted for writing, in 1860, the first modern Turkish play,
8136-472: The late Ottoman tradition. By far the majority of the poetry of the time, however, was in the tradition of the folk-inspired "syllabist" movement (Five Syllabists or Beş Hececiler ), which had emerged from the National Literature movement and which tended to express patriotic themes couched in the syllabic meter associated with Turkish folk poetry. The first radical step away from this trend
8249-642: The late 19th century; and several others. The aşıks were essentially minstrels who traveled through Anatolia performing their songs on the bağlama, a mandolin-like instrument whose paired strings are considered to have a symbolic religious significance in Alevi/Bektashi culture. Despite the decline of the aşık/ozan tradition in the 19th century, it experienced a significant revival in the 20th century thanks to such outstanding figures as Aşık Veysel Şatıroğlu (1894–1973), Aşık Mahzuni Şerif (1938–2002), Neşet Ertaş (1938–2012), and many others. Ottoman Divan poetry
8362-519: The late Ottoman Period. Ironically, Onaran became one of the most important intellectuals on film in Turkey, owing his wealth of knowledge on early world film history to the years he spent watching the films he was enrolled to evaluate as a committee member. A very interesting example on the level of absurdity that censorship could reach is mentioned in Çetin Yetkin's book Siyasal Iktidar Sanata Karşı ( Political Regime vs Art ), published in 1970. It tells
8475-521: The leading influence on architecture. Ottoman miniature is linked to the Persian miniature tradition and is likewise influenced by Chinese painting styles and techniques. The words tasvir or nakış were used to define the art of miniature painting in Ottoman Turkish. The studios the artists worked in were called nakkaşhane . The understanding of perspective was different from that of
8588-456: The majority of the Turks do not celebrate it as such, the idea is not thoroughly an alien one. The festivity traces its roots where Santa Claus was born in Turkey and is known as Noel Baba. It has for a long time been a tradition that Noel Baba would bring gifts to children on New Year's Eve . One of the other common celebrations in Turkey is Nowruz . This celebration is done on the pretext of
8701-479: The majority of the programs consisted of films of the stronger western film industries, especially those of the United States , France , Italy and Germany . Attempts at film production came primarily from multinational studios, which could rely on their comprehensive distribution networks together with their own theatre chains, thus guaranteeing them a return on their investment. Between the years 1896–1945,
8814-695: The mid 19th century. The first painting lessons were scheduled at what is now the Istanbul Technical University (then the Imperial Military Engineering School ) in 1793, mostly for technical purposes. In the late 19th century, human figure in the Western sense was being established in Turkish painting, especially with Osman Hamdi Bey . Impressionism , among the contemporary trends, appeared later on with Halil Pasha . Other important Turkish painters in
8927-404: The name of a city or a region (either in Turkey or outside). This suggests that a dish is a speciality of that area, or may refer to the specific technique or ingredients used in that area. For example, the difference between Urfa kebab and Adana kebab is the use of garlic instead of onion and the larger amount of hot pepper that kebab contains. Christmas is known in Turkish as Noel, although
9040-446: The nearby European Renaissance painting tradition, and the scene depicted often included different time periods and spaces in one picture. They followed closely the context of the book they were included in, more illustrations than standalone works of art. Sixteenth-century artists Nakkaş Osman and Matrakçı Nasuh are among the most prominent artists of this era. Turkish painting , in the Western sense, developed actively starting from
9153-418: The need for a cinema law has been frequently debated throughout the history of the Turkish Republic, until 1986 no specific law or regulation had been developed. While films have generally been treated as goods subject to laws regarding taxation, content-wise they were controlled by commissions that have been often criticized for being mechanisms of censorship. In the 1930s, some members of the parliament raised
9266-494: The new popular forms of media and political turmoil (often hand in hand with deep economic crises) caused a sharp drop in ticket sales, resulting in a steady decline starting around 1980 and continuing until the mid-1990s. The number of annual ticket sales decreased from a peak of 90 million tickets in 1966 to 56 million tickets in 1984 and only 11 million in 1990. Accordingly, the number of film theatres declined from approximately 2,000 in 1966 to 854 in 1984 and 290 in 1990. During
9379-714: The number of films made constantly increased, especially after 1958. In the 1960s the programs of the theater departments in the Language, History and Geography faculties of Ankara University and Istanbul University included cinema courses, as did the Press and Publications High School of Ankara University. A cinema branch was also established in the Art History Department of the State Fine Arts Academy . The Union of Turkish Film Producers and
9492-428: The number of locally produced films did not even reach 50 films in total, equal to less than a single year's annual film production in the 1950s and 1960s . Domestically produced films constituted only a small fraction of the total number of films screened in Turkey prior to the 1950s. Film production in Turkey increased drastically after World War II . With a total of 49 films produced in 1952, this single year equaled
9605-425: The numbers of cinemas and cinemagoers rose spectacularly. In the 2,424 cinemas around the country, films were viewed by a record number of 247 million viewers. In 1970, approximately 220 films were made and this figure reached 300 in 1972. Turkish cinema gave birth to its legendary stars during this period, notable examples being Kemal Sunal , Kadir İnanır , Türkan Şoray and Şener Şen . After this period, however,
9718-572: The patterns used in Armenian, Caucasian and Kurdish carpet designs. The arrival of Islam in Central Asia and the development of Islamic art also influenced Turkic patterns in the medieval period. The history of the designs, motifs and ornaments used in Turkish carpets and tapestries thus reflects the political and ethnic history of the Turks and the cultural diversity of Anatolia. However, scientific attempts were unsuccessful, as yet, to attribute
9831-483: The previously established and depicted Ottoman identity . Turkish literature is the collection of written and oral texts composed in the Turkish language, either in its Ottoman form or in less exclusively literary forms, such as that spoken in the Republic of Turkey today. Traditional examples for Turkish folk literature include stories of Karagöz and Hacivat , Keloğlan, İncili Çavuş and Nasreddin Hoca , as well as
9944-497: The rest of the country during the 1930s, leading to the so-called "regional system" ( Bölge İşletmeleri ), which consisted of seven distribution areas headquartered in the most significant cities in those regions: Istanbul (Marmara Region), İzmir (Aegean Region), Ankara (Middle Anatolian Region), Samsun (Black Sea Region), Adana (Mediterranean Region), Erzurum (East Anatolian Region) and Diyarbakır (South East Anatolian Region). The Regional System became much more important after
10057-406: The rose (ﮔل gül) the world (جهان cihan; عالم 'âlem) — the rosegarden (ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن gülistan; ﮔﻠﺸﻦ gülşen) the ascetic (زاهد zâhid) — the dervish (درويش derviş) In the early years of the Republic of Turkey, there were a number of poetic trends. Authors such as Ahmed Hâşim and Yahyâ Kemâl Beyatlı (1884–1958) continued to write important formal verse whose language was, to a great extent, a continuation of
10170-491: The second half of the 2000s, reaching 40 films in 2007, with the top four box office hits that year claimed by Turkish films, as the film industry became profitable again with improving technical quality corresponding with commercial films' production costs increasing. In 2015, number of admission per capita was 0.8. Also Sinemia has published a research that Konya has become the city with the most frequent cinema goers. Due to, Turkish TV series are too long for comedy. Comedy
10283-452: The seventies' stars had either moved to TV, or were trying to rebuild the Yeşilçam 's former glory. Some of the notable examples of this era are Eşkıya ( The Bandit ) and Züğürt Ağa ( The Agha ), both starring Şener Şen . Both movies were critically and commercially acclaimed. However, the resurgence of Yesilçam didn't truly take place until the release of Vizontele in 2001. The film
10396-411: The significance of middle-class daily life; Can Yücel (1926–1999), who—in addition to his own highly colloquial and varied poetry—was also a translator into Turkish of a variety of world literature; and İsmet Özel (1944– ), whose early poetry was highly leftist but whose poetry since the 1970s has shown a strong mystical and even Islamist influence. The style of the current novelists can be traced back to
10509-464: The social aspects prevalent in the poetry of Nâzım Hikmet and the Garip poets, and instead—partly inspired by the disruption of language in such Western movements as Dada and Surrealism—sought to create a more abstract poetry through the use of jarring and unexpected language, complex images, and the association of ideas. To some extent, the movement can be seen as bearing some of the characteristics of postmodern literature . The best-known poets writing in
10622-620: The story of a film which was classified as "inappropriate for export" because the Evaluation Committee decided that the film contains "communist propaganda". The film-owner, who applied to the committee for an export certificate, was surprised to see the decision because he mentioned on his application form that his intention was to sell a copy of the film to a distributor in the Soviet Union, the world's leading communist country at that time. Last years's short films indicates
10735-620: The technological progress of the western film industries whose films they were importing. One example here being the establishment of the Marmara Dubbing Studio in the early 1930s, when the silent era came to an end in the West and sound films became the standard, prompting the import-dependent companies to adjust themselves to the new technological requirements. The big distributors in Istanbul, led by İpek Film and Kemal Film , gradually expanded their distribution system throughout
10848-542: The various cultures of the Eastern European , Eastern Mediterranean , Caucasian , Middle Eastern and Central Asian traditions. Many of these traditions were initially brought together by the Ottoman Empire , a multi-ethnic and multi-religious state spanning across Southern Europe , Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa . During the early years of the Republic of Turkey , established after
10961-533: The western parts of Turkey, where olive trees are grown abundantly, olive oil is the major type of oil used for cooking. The cuisines of the Aegean , Marmara and Mediterranean regions display basic characteristics of Mediterranean cuisine as they are rich in vegetables, herbs and fish. Central Anatolia is famous for its pastry specialities such as keşkek (kashkak), mantı (especially of Kayseri ) and gözleme . The name of specialities sometimes includes
11074-593: The works of folk poets such as Yunus Emre and Aşık Veysel . The Book of Dede Korkut and the Epic of Köroğlu have been the main elements of the Turkish epic tradition in Anatolia for several centuries. The two primary streams of Ottoman literature were poetry and prose. Of the two, the Ottoman Divan poetry , a highly ritualized and symbolic art form, was the dominant stream. The vast majority of Divan poetry
11187-400: The world started to diminish, leading to Turkish architects being increasingly inspired by their counterparts in the rest of the world. However they were constrained by the lack of technological infrastructure or insufficient financial resources till the 1980s. Thereafter, the liberalization of the economy and the shift towards export-led growth , paved the way for the private sector to become
11300-414: Was lyric in nature: either ghazals or qasidas . There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the mathnawi (also known as mesnevî ), a kind of verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry . The tradition of Ottoman prose was exclusively non-fictional in nature; as the fiction tradition was limited to narrative poetry. The Tanzimat reforms of 1839–1876 brought changes to
11413-473: Was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form. From the Persian poetry that largely inspired it, it inherited a wealth of symbols whose meanings and interrelationships—both of similitude (مراعات نظير mura'ât-i nazîr / تناسب tenâsüb) and opposition (تضاد tezâd)—were more or less prescribed. Examples of prevalent symbols that, to some extent, oppose one another include, among others: the nightingale (بلبل bülbül) —
11526-411: Was already a prominent figure at that time, especially known as a representative of foreign companies such as Pathé , for whom he sold gramophones before getting into the film business. Some sources suggest he was also a photographer, again as a result of being one of the representatives of foreign companies such as Kodak . The first movie in Ottoman Empire, Ayastefanos′taki Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı ,
11639-1297: Was also nominated for the Golden Palm ) at the festival of 2003 and 2004 , and the film İklimler (also nominated for the Golden Palm) at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival . These three films, along with the other important works of Ceylan such as Kasaba (1997) and Mayıs sıkıntısı (1999) have also won awards at the other major international film festivals; including the Angers European First Film Festival (1997 and 1999), Ankara Film Festival (2000), Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival (1999, 2002 and 2006), Bergamo Film Meeting (2001), Berlin Film Festival (1998), Brothers Manaki Film Festival (2003), Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema (2001), Cannes Film Festival (2003, 2004 and 2006), Chicago Film Festival (2003), Cinemanila Film Festival (2003), European Film Awards (2000), Istanbul Film Festival (1998, 2000, 2003 and 2007), Mexico City Film Festival (2004), Montpellier Mediterranean Film Festival (2003), San Sebastián Film Festival (2003), Singapore Film Festival (2001), Sofia Film Festival (2004), Tokyo Film Festival (1998) and
11752-484: Was also the first time since the 19th century that Turkish literature was escaping from Western influence and began to mix Western forms with other forms. During the 1930s, Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu and Vedat Nedim Tor published Kadro , which was revolutionary in its view of life. Stylistically, the early prose of the Republic of Turkey was essentially a continuation of the National Literature movement, with Realism and Naturalism predominating. This trend culminated in
11865-704: Was concentrated around certain elements like entrance portals and took the form of elaborate stone carving (e.g. the Ince Minareli Medrese and the Divriği complex ), occasional ablaq stonework (e.g. Alâeddin Mosque in Konya), and large surfaces covered in tilework (e.g. Karatay Medrese ). As Anatolia fragmented into Beyliks during the later 13th and 14th centuries, architecture became even more diverse, particularly in western Anatolia, where proximity to
11978-421: Was directed, written, and starred by Yılmaz Erdoğan , who was already well known from his long-running sitcom Bir Demet Tiyatro , and his dedication to theatre. The movie starred the cast of his usual plays, most notably Demet Akbağ , Altan Erkekli , and Cem Yılmaz . This movie's huge commercial success (watched by 2.5 million viewers, which earned the movie the most viewed film for its day) brought attention to
12091-470: Was greatly influenced by theater as well as by World War II. While there were only two film companies in 1939, the number increased to four between 1946 and 1950. After 1949, Turkish cinema was able to develop as a separate art form, with a more professional caliber of talents. Yeşilçam ("Green Pine") is a metonym for the Turkish film industry, similar to Hollywood in the United States. Yeşilçam
12204-405: Was immediate and polarized: most of the academic establishment and older poets vilified them, while much of the Turkish population embraced them wholeheartedly. Just as the Garip movement was a reaction against earlier poetry, so—in the 1950s and afterwards—was there a reaction against the Garip movement. The poets of this movement, soon known as İkinci Yeni ("Second New"[22]), opposed themselves to
12317-534: Was strongly influenced by the Islamic Sunni and Shi'a traditions. Furthermore, as partly evidenced by the prevalence of the still-existent ashik ("aşık" or "ozan") tradition, the dominant element in Turkish folk poetry has always been song. The development of folk poetry in Turkish—which began to emerge in the 13th century with such important writers as Yunus Emre, Sultan Veled, and Şeyyâd Hamza —was given
12430-641: Was taken by Nâzım Hikmet , who—during his time as a student in the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1924—was exposed to the modernist poetry of Vladimir Mayakovsky and others, which inspired him to start writing verse in a less formal style. Another revolution in Turkish poetry came about in 1941 with the publication of a small volume of verse preceded by an essay and entitled Garip (meaning both "miserable" and "strange"). The authors were Orhan Veli Kanık (1914–1950), Melih Cevdet Anday (1915–2002), and Oktay Rifat (1914–1988). Explicitly opposing themselves to everything that had gone in poetry before, they sought instead to create
12543-500: Was the only active film director in the country. He directed 29 films during this period, generally incorporating adaptions of plays, operettas , fiction and foreign films. The influence of the theater dating back to Uzkınay, Simavi, Ahmet Fehim and Şadi Karagözoğlu is very strong in Ertuğrul's work. Most of the Turkish films produced before 1950 were projects initiated by import companies owned by local families, most notably İpek Film ,
12656-458: Was the world's 4th biggest cinema. In terms of film production, Turkey shared the same fate with many of the national cinemas of the 20th century. Film production wasn't continuous until around the 1950s and the film market in general was run by a few major import companies that struggled for domination in the most population-dense and profitable cities such as Istanbul and İzmir . Film theatres rarely ever screened any locally produced films and
12769-444: Was viewed by a record 4 million people, Babam ve Oğlum ( My Father and My Son ), and Cem Yılmaz's second movie Hokkabaz ( The Magician ) . There has been a rise in experimental films in the 2000s. These include the 2005 feature Türev , which was filmed without a prewritten script and even featured candid shots of the actors, and Anlat Istanbul ( Istanbul Tales ), an ensemble piece divided into five "mini films" that received
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