Hairless , also known as H , is a well-characterized Drosophila gene . Since Hairless is a dominant loss of function mutation, many mutations to Hairless are embryonic lethal, but there are several viable hairless mutants. This specific Drosophila gene is involved in the Notch signaling pathway (NSP) by acting as a suppressor of the organism's Notch signaling. This interaction of the NSP can be seen in Figure 1.
14-429: Hairless (H) encodes a hydrophilic protein that is composed of 1076 amino acids , and has a molecular weight of 110 kDa. The H protein is reported in insects, and is found in nearly all of the family Drosophilidae . It is also found in the family Culicidae , as well as the orders Lepidoptera , Hymenoptera , and Coleoptera . In Drosophila , NSPs allow for communication intercellularly during embryo development, and
28-531: A molecule is one whose interactions with water and other polar substances are more thermodynamically favorable than their interactions with oil or other hydrophobic solvents. They are typically charge-polarized and capable of hydrogen bonding . This makes these molecules soluble not only in water but also in polar solvents . Hydrophilic molecules (and portions of molecules) can be contrasted with hydrophobic molecules (and portions of molecules). In some cases, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties occur in
42-422: A single molecule. An example of these amphiphilic molecules is the lipids that comprise the cell membrane . Another example is soap , which has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, allowing it to dissolve in both water and oil. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules are also known as polar molecules and nonpolar molecules , respectively. Some hydrophilic substances do not dissolve. This type of mixture
56-427: Is non-polar which make them hydrophobic. The molecule increasingly becomes overall more nonpolar and therefore less soluble in the polar water as the carbon chain becomes longer. Methanol has the shortest carbon chain of all alcohols (one carbon atom) followed by ethanol (two carbon atoms), and 1-propanol along with its isomer 2-propanol , all being miscible with water. Tert-Butyl alcohol , with four carbon atoms,
70-413: Is a dessert originating from medieval Europe, made of whole or pieces of fruit in sugar syrup . Whole fruits are cooked in water with sugar and spices . The syrup may be seasoned with vanilla , lemon or orange peel, cinnamon sticks or powder, cloves , other spices, ground almonds , grated coconut , candied fruit or raisins . The compote is served either warm or cold. Compote conformed to
84-507: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This cell biology article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hydrophilic A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water. In contrast, hydrophobes are not attracted to water and may seem to be repelled by it. Hygroscopics are attracted to water, but are not dissolved by water. A hydrophilic molecule or portion of
98-423: Is called a colloid . An approximate rule of thumb for hydrophilicity of organic compounds is that solubility of a molecule in water is more than 1 mass % if there is at least one neutral hydrophile group per 5 carbons, or at least one electrically charged hydrophile group per 7 carbons. Hydrophilic substances (ex: salts) can seem to attract water out of the air. Sugar is also hydrophilic, and like salt
112-656: Is crucial that proteins HP120 and HP150 are present in the organism as they control the normal activity of H. This activity regulation also controls NSP, which allows the fly embryos to develop correctly, and if there is any fluctuation in the pathway or the proteins, it can change the outcome of the offspring. The two most common changes in the Drosophila phenotype as a result of Hairless mutation are bristle loss and vein gaps. These changes can be seen in Figure 2. This gene article
126-583: Is sometimes used to draw water out of foods. Sugar sprinkled on cut fruit will "draw out the water" through hydrophilia, making the fruit mushy and wet, as in a common strawberry compote recipe. Liquid hydrophilic chemicals complexed with solid chemicals can be used to optimize solubility of hydrophobic chemicals. Examples of hydrophilic liquids include ammonia, alcohols, some amides such as urea and some carboxylic acids such as acetic acid. Hydroxyl groups (-OH), found in alcohols, are polar and therefore hydrophilic (water liking) but their carbon chain portion
140-481: Is the only one among its isomers to be miscible with water. Cyclodextrins are used to make pharmaceutical solutions by capturing hydrophobic molecules as guest hosts. Because inclusion compounds of cyclodextrins with hydrophobic molecules are able to penetrate body tissues, these can be used to release biologically active compounds under specific conditions. For example, testosterone is complexed with hydroxy-propyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD), 95% absorption of testosterone
154-403: The end of dinner. Because it was easy to prepare, made from inexpensive ingredients and contained no dairy products, compote became a staple of Jewish households throughout Europe. In modern French , the term refers to usually unsweetened fruit purée without fruit chunks, such as applesauce . Dried fruit is often used for compote by cultures from Eastern Europe, and its syrup is also drunk as
SECTION 10
#1732791643622168-510: The medieval belief that fruit cooked in sugar syrup balanced the effects of humidity on the body. The name is derived from the Latin word compositus , meaning mixture. In late medieval England it was served at the beginning of the last course of a feast (or sometimes the second out of three courses), often accompanied by a creamy potage . During the Renaissance, it was served chilled at
182-506: The physiological activities of adult organisms. Furthermore, these pathways turn on periodically during devolvement to help determine cell fate functions of the cell. Since Hairless (H) is an antagonist of the NSP, as well as a “key member of the Su[H] repressor complex", it plays a significant part of embryo development in insects because it helps influence cell fate decisions during this time. It
196-881: Was achieved in 20 minutes via the sublingual route but HPBCD was not absorbed, whereas hydrophobic testosterone is usually absorbed less than 40% via the sublingual route. Hydrophilic membrane filtration is used in several industries to filter various liquids. These hydrophilic filters are used in the medical, industrial, and biochemical fields to filter elements such as bacteria, viruses, proteins, particulates, drugs, and other contaminants. Common hydrophilic molecules include colloids, cotton, and cellulose (which cotton consists of). Unlike other membranes, hydrophilic membranes do not require pre-wetting: they can filter liquids in their dry state. Although most are used in low-heat filtration processes, many new hydrophilic membrane fabrics are used to filter hot liquids and fluids. Compote Compote or compôte (French for stewed fruit )
#621378