17-650: See text Haloragaceae (the watermilfoil family ) is a eudicot flowering plant family in the order Saxifragales , based on the phylogenetic APG system . In the Cronquist system , it was included in the order Haloragales . The Haloragaceae ( alternate spelling Halorrhagidaceae) are very diverse in habit, including both small trees and submerged aquatics. Most members of the Haloragaceae are herbaceous, and most of those in turn are perennials , though some species are annuals . In contrast however, members of
34-554: A lack of widespread consensus within the scientific community for extended periods. The continual publication of new data and diverse opinions plays a crucial role in facilitating adjustments and ultimately reaching a consensus over time. The naming of families is codified by various international bodies using the following suffixes: The taxonomic term familia was first used by French botanist Pierre Magnol in his Prodromus historiae generalis plantarum, in quo familiae plantarum per tabulas disponuntur (1689) where he called
51-448: A perianth. They have (2-)4-8 stamens and an inferior ovary of (2-)4 carpels. In Myriophyllum the fruit is a schizocarp of 1-seeded 'nutlets' other genera can have nuts or drupes that can be winged or inflated. The genus Gunnera , formerly included here are now the separate family Gunneraceae . Molecular phylogenetic studies, in particular, the APG system , placed the Haloragaceae within
68-499: Is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". The delineation of what constitutes a family— or whether a described family should be acknowledged— is established and decided upon by active taxonomists . There are not strict regulations for outlining or acknowledging a family, yet in the realm of plants, these classifications often rely on both the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plant species. Taxonomists frequently hold varying perspectives on these descriptions, leading to
85-485: Is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy . It is classified between order and genus . A family may be divided into subfamilies , which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae , but that family
102-414: Is resolved as the basal node , sister to the remaining family. While monophyly of this group is well supported, monophyly of the two separate genera is less well supported, and suggests some paraphyly . Thus the generic limits remain unresolved. A subsequent, more detailed study of Myriophyllum demonstrated that the monotypic genus Meziella was embedded within it, leading to its submersion within
119-476: The Genera Plantarum of George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker this word ordo was used for what now is given the rank of family. Families serve as valuable units for evolutionary, paleontological, and genetic studies due to their relatively greater stability compared to lower taxonomic levels like genera and species. Sister group Too Many Requests If you report this error to
136-688: The core eudicot order , Saxifragales . Earlier versions of the APG had allowed either the broader circumscription (Haloragaceae s.l. ) or a narrower Haloragaceae s.s. . Peridiscaceae (4) Paeonia (Paeoniaceae) Liquidambar (Altingiaceae) Hamamelidaceae (27) Cercidiphyllum (Cercidiphyllaceae) Daphniphyllum (Daphniphyllaceae) Crassulaceae (34) Aphanopetalum (Aphanopetalaceae) Tetracarpaea (Tetracarpaeaceae) Penthorum (Penthoraceae) Haloragaceae s.s. (8) Iteaceae (including Pterostemonaceae ) (2) Ribes (Grossulariaceae) Saxifragaceae (33) Historically,
153-451: The southern hemisphere . Meionectes , Meziella , Myriophyllum and Proserpinaca are aquatic, while Laurembergia are semiaquatic. Glischrocaryon , Haloragodendron , Meionectes and Trihaloragis are Australian endemics , where about 70% of all species are found. For detailed maps of the distribution of each genus, see Chen et al (2014) Figure 1 . Family (biology) Family ( Latin : familia , pl. : familiae )
170-448: The Haloragaceae included many disparate genera, since segregated . A major circumscription was carried out by Schindler in 1905, dividing the "Halorrhagaceae" into two subfamilies (Halorrhagoideae and Gunneroideae) and the former into two tribes (Halorrhageae and Myriophylleae), with a total of seven genera. He removed some of the disparate genera and merged Gonocarpus and Meionectes into Haloragis . This classification long remained
187-540: The family as a rank intermediate between order and genus was introduced by Pierre André Latreille in his Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel (1796). He used families (some of them were not named) in some but not in all his orders of "insects" (which then included all arthropods ). In nineteenth-century works such as the Prodromus of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle and
SECTION 10
#1732782608820204-621: The former as Myriophyllum subgenus Meziella , thereby reducing the number of genera within the family to 9. As of 2014, the family has 138 species, distributed among the nine genera as follows: The distribution of the family is nearly worldwide. The center of species diversity is in Australia where all genera are found excepting Proserpinaca and Laurembergia . Habitats vary from arid desert regions to freshwater lakes. The terrestrial genera ( Glischrocaryon , Gonocarpus , Haloragis , Haloragodendron , Trihaloragis ) are primarily limited to
221-486: The genus Haloragodendron are woody. Most species of Myriophyllum are monoecious while most other taxa have hermaphrodite flowers. The flowers are usually small and inconspicuous, but some genera can have more "showy" conspicuous flowers ( Haloragodendron , Glischrocaryon ). Flowers are usually radially symmetrical , and unusual for core eudicots , merosity is (2-3)-4 parted. Petals are usually keeled or hooded when present. In Myriophyllum female flowers usually lack
238-409: The infrafamilial relationships among the genera, resulting in some taxonomic revision, including redistribution of species. In addition, Meionectes was reinstated, separating two species from Haloragis and creating a new monotypic genus, Trihaloragis by segregating Gonocarpus hexandrus . Consequently the number of genera is increased to ten, with the addition of: Glischrocaryon - Haloragodendron
255-575: The seventy-six groups of plants he recognised in his tables families ( familiae ). The concept of rank at that time was not yet settled, and in the preface to the Prodromus Magnol spoke of uniting his families into larger genera , which is far from how the term is used today. In his work Philosophia Botanica published in 1751, Carl Linnaeus employed the term familia to categorize significant plant groups such as trees , herbs , ferns , palms , and so on. Notably, he restricted
272-476: The standard till Shaw (1966) removed Gunnera (into its own family Gunneraceae, within the order Gunnerales), the sole genus in Gunneroideae, leaving six genera. This situation remained until the monograph of Orchard (1975). Orchard restored Gonocarpus and split Haloragodendron from Haloragis , leaving 8 genera. List of genera, habitat, distribution (Number of species) A molecular study resolved
289-549: The use of this term solely within the book's morphological section, where he delved into discussions regarding the vegetative and generative aspects of plants. Subsequently, in French botanical publications, from Michel Adanson 's Familles naturelles des plantes (1763) and until the end of the 19th century, the word famille was used as a French equivalent of the Latin ordo (or ordo naturalis ). In zoology ,
#819180