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34-466: The provinces of Sweden serve no administrative function. Instead, that function is served by the Counties of Sweden . However, the province of Halland is almost coextensive with the administrative Halland County , though parts of the province belong to Västra Götaland County and Skåne County , while the county also includes parts of Småland and Västergötland . As of 31 December 2023, Halland had

68-492: A Västanstång dragon and one with a Östanstång lion. The current arms for Östergötland (see below) were created in 1884. The current arms for Småland were created for the coronation of John III in 1569. The wild man representing Lappland was created for the funeral of Charles IX in 1612. Arms for Jämtland were created when Norway ceded the province to Sweden in 1635. Arms for Härjedalen were created later. The arms for Blekinge, Bohuslän, Halland and Skåne were created for

102-653: A former cover of sedimentary rock that has been eroded. At present the sedimentary cover continues to exist in Scania , Denmark and offshore. The Bronze Age was probably a period of relative prosperity in Halland. This is shown in the number of new settlements and the numerous archaeological remains. Over 1,100 tumuli and grave mounds have been found. The end of the Bronze Age witnessed an over-consumption of resources . Large areas were deforested. This might have been

136-629: A lesser extent, Malmö – identify primarily with their city, rather than their province. English and other languages occasionally use Latin names for the Swedish provinces. The name Scania for Skåne predominates in English. Some English exonyms , such as the Dales for Dalarna, East Gothland for Östergötland, Swedish Lapland for Lappland and West Bothnia for Västerbotten are common in English literature. Swedes writing in English have long used

170-477: A population of 351,508. During the Danish era until 1658, the province had no coat of arms and no seal. In Sweden, however, every province had been represented by heraldic arms since 1560. When Charles X Gustav of Sweden suddenly died in 1660 a coat of arms had to be created for the newly acquired province, as each province was to be represented by its arms at the royal funeral. There are several theories about

204-455: A result of a high demand for charcoal in smelting gold or bronze among the local elites. The worsening climate at the beginning of the Iron Age meant that the local elites no longer could obtain bronze to the same extent as before. As a result, the social structures collapsed. The early Iron Age social structures seem to have been relatively egalitarian , but from around 200 AD there

238-820: A title was held by Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland (1912–1997), who was survived by his wife Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland (1976–2013), and currently is held by Prince Julian (since 2021). Football in the province is administered by Hallands Fotbollförbund . Team handball is also popular, with HK Drott , HK Aranäs and HK Varberg . 56°45′N 13°00′E  /  56.750°N 13.000°E  / 56.750; 13.000 Provinces of Sweden The 25 provinces of Sweden ( Swedish : Sveriges landskap ) are historical , geographical and cultural regions. They have no administrative function (except in some sports contexts), but retain their own cultural identities, dialects and folklore. Several were administrative subdivisions until 1634, when they were replaced by

272-509: Is Härjedalen , though the borders are not quite the same. Administrative borders are subject to change – for example, several of today’s counties were created in the 1990s – while the provincial borders have remained stable for centuries. All the provinces are also ceremonial duchies , but as such have no administrative or political functions. Nevertheless, the provinces of Sweden are no archaic concept; they are still referenced in everyday speech and seen as culturally distinct. The main exception

306-429: Is Lapland , where people see themselves as citizens of Västerbotten or Norrbotten , based on the counties . Sweden’s two largest cities, Stockholm and Gothenburg , both have provincial borders running through them: Stockholm is split between Uppland and Södermanland , and Gothenburg is split between Västergötland and Bohuslän . According to a 2011 survey, people in major cities – Stockholm, Gothenburg and, to

340-443: Is spoken and in the south the spoken language is a variety of Scanian . As early as the 13th century, southern Halland was given as duchy to a branch of the Danish royal family. In the 14th century, it was given to various relatives and friends of Danish and Swedish royal families, such as Bengt Algotsson (during 1353–1357). Since 1772 Swedish royal princes have been nominated dukes of provinces without political significance. Such

374-495: The Scanian War . The more peaceful conditions that followed meant that the province could start to develop again. The 19th century saw the farming develop quickly to become one of the more efficient in the country by the end of the century. Parts of the province did however remain poor and erosion and blown sand remained a problem for much of the century. The county did therefore see a lot of emigration , continuing well into

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408-763: The Scanian lands (then part of the Kingdom of Denmark ) Halland came under the Scanian Law and participated in the Scanian Thing , one of three Things electing the Danish king. Local assemblies took place in Getinge . Halland was the scene of considerable military action from the 13th century and on as Sweden , Denmark and to some degree Norway fought for supremacy in Scandinavia . The many wars made

442-420: The counties of Sweden ( län ). Some were conquered later on from Denmark–Norway . Others, like the provinces of Finland , have been lost. In some cases, the county and province borders correspond almost exactly, as with Blekinge and Blekinge County . The island of Gotland is both a province , a county and a municipality ( kommun ). The only other province to share a name with a modern municipality

476-525: The 20th century. The 20th century has seen the province becoming one of the fastest growing in Sweden, as it has doubled its population since World War II . This is in part due to the northern parts, such as Kungsbacka and Onsala , more or less becoming suburbs of Gothenburg . During Danish rule, privileges to towns in Halland were granted to: Such privileges have no official significance nowadays. Hundreds of Sweden were provincial divisions until

510-633: The Iron Age was the Geats ; the main tribe of Svealand, according to Tacitus ca 100 AD, was the Suiones (or the ”historical Swedes”). ”Norrland” was all the unexplored northern parts, the boundaries and Swedish control over which were weakly defined into the early modern age. Due to the Northern Crusades against Finns , Tavastians and Karelians and colonisation of some coastal areas of

544-596: The King’s long list of titles. Gustav Vasa’s title only had three entries – "King of Sweden , the Goths and the Wends " – so banners were created for each Swedish province for a better display. Some of these arms were short-lived, such as the beaver for Medelpad (changed in the 1570s), the wolverine for Värmland (changed in 1567) and the roses on Småland ’s arms. Östergötland was represented by two different arms, one with

578-508: The Swedish monarch, in some cases for centuries. ( Norway , in personal union with Sweden from 1814 to 1905, never became an integral part of Sweden.) When Sweden ceded Finland to the Russian Empire in 1809, Västerbotten was divided up so that Norrbotten first emerged as a county. Eventually, it came to be recognized as its own province. It was granted a coat of arms as late as in 1995. Some scholars suggest that Sweden revived

612-454: The Swedish names only. The origins of the provincial divisions lay in the petty kingdoms that gradually became more and more subjected to the central monarchy during the consolidation of Sweden . Until the country law of Magnus Eriksson in 1350, each of these lands still had its own laws and its own assembly (the thing ), and in effect governed itself. The first provinces were considered duchies , but newly conquered provinces received

646-401: The choice of a lion. Bengt Algotsson , duke of Halland and Finland in the 14th century, used a lion in his personal arms, blazoned Azure, a Lion rampant Argent langued and armed Gules. The same coat of arms was later granted for the administrative Halland County, which has almost the same boundaries. The rivers of Viskan , Ätran , Nissan and Lagan flow through the province and reach

680-488: The concept of provinces in the 19th century. Historically, Sweden was seen as containing four ”lands” (larger regions): In the Viking Age and earlier, Götaland and Svealand were home to a number of petty kingdoms that were more or less independent; Götaland in the Iron Age and Middle Ages did not include Scania and other provinces in the far south, which were then part of Denmark . The leading tribe of Götaland in

714-415: The concept of the provinces. At the funeral of King Gustav Vasa (Gustav I) in 1560, arms for 23 of the provinces were displayed together for the first time, most of them created for that occasion. Erik XIV of Sweden modelled the funeral processions on those of German dukes , who in turn may have styled their displays after Emperor Charles V 's funeral, where a host of banners represented each entry in

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748-692: The country, Finland fell under the Catholic Church and Swedish rule. Österland ("Eastern land"; the name had early gone out of use) in southern and central Finland formed an integral part of Sweden. Russia annexed Finland in 1809, and reunited it with some frontier counties annexed earlier to form the Grand Duchy of Finland . In 1917, Finland became an independent country . The regional borders have changed several times throughout history with changing national borders. Norrland, Svealand and Götaland are only parts of Sweden, and have never superseded

782-463: The early 20th century, when they lost importance. Halland's hundreds were: Faurås Hundred , Fjäre Hundred , Halmstad Hundred , Himle Hundred , Höks Hundred , Tönnersjö Hundred , Viske Hundred and Årstad Hundred . The language varieties spoken in Halland are together called halländska , though they belong to two main dialectal groups. In northern Halland a variation of the Götaland dialect

816-496: The funeral of Charles X Gustav in 1660. The Arms for Norrbotten were created as late as 1995. Götaland ( Gothia , Gothenland ) comrpises ten provinces in the southern part of Sweden. Until 1645, Gotland and Halland were parts of Denmark. Also, until 1658 Blekinge and Scania were parts of Denmark, and Bohuslän was part of Norway . Värmland was counted as part of Götaland until 1812. Svealand ( Swealand ) comprises six provinces in central Sweden. Until 1812, Värmland

850-530: The kernel from which new areas were settled during medieval times. According to information from a trader travelling from Skiringssal , close to the Oslofjord to Hedeby in the 870s it can be concluded that Halland was a Danish area at that time. It would stay so for most of recorded history. Iron extraction is known to have taken place in Hishult and Tvååker / Sibbarp during the Iron Age. As part of

884-660: The major battles of the Northern Seven Years' War , the battle of Axtorna , took place in Halland. Halland was temporarily (for a period of 30 years) transferred to Sweden in 1645 under the terms of the Second Treaty of Brömsebro . The conquest was later made permanent by the ceding of the province in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658. The last battle in Halland took place in Fyllebro on 17 August 1676, during

918-615: The next century, with the river Ätran forming a boundary. The lords of the two parts succeeded each other in a high tempo. As the Kalmar Union was formed, Halland came for a brief period of time to be centrally located. According to the union treaty, the king was to be elected in Halmstad . During the rebellion of Engelbrekt in 1434 the fortress in Falkenberg was burnt down and two years later Lagaholm  [ sv ]

952-486: The province poor. Not only were material damages caused by military action, but the social impact of the fighting was devastating; people lacked the motivation to invest in their land and properties as it was likely to be destroyed anyway. The county was the site of combat and plunder three times during the 13th Century: in 1256 Haakon IV of Norway invaded, followed by Magnus III of Sweden in 1277 and Eric VI of Denmark in 1294. The county came to be split in two parts for

986-565: The same time, and developed its own provincial identity during the 19th century. Hishult Hishult is a locality and a parish situated in Laholm Municipality , Halland County , Sweden with 332 inhabitants in 2010. The area has been a centre of iron extraction and formed a county , including parts of northern Skåne while it was Danish . The name might be related to the iron extraction as it used to be spelt Isenhult which might mean iron forest. Today it has

1020-619: The sea in Kattegat . Halland is well known for its fertile soil and as an agricultural district. Most of the region is made up of a relief unit known as the Sub-Mesozoic hilly peneplain . Around Morup and Tvååker hilltops are remnants of the Sub-Cambrian peneplain , an ancient erosion surface that covers much of eastern Sweden. Loose flint nodules of Cretaceous age have been found around Halland. The flints are remnants of

1054-597: The status of duchy or county , depending on importance. After the separation from the Kalmar Union in 1523, the Kingdom incorporated only some of its new conquests as provinces. The most permanent acquisitions stemmed from the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, in which the former Danish Scanian lands ( Skåne , Blekinge , Halland and Gotland ), along with the Norwegian Bohuslän , Jämtland and Härjedalen , became Swedish and gradually integrated. Other foreign territories were ruled as Swedish Dominions under

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1088-560: Was a trend in which villages formed larger communities and small kingdoms . This is likely to have been a distant influence from the growing Roman Empire . During the 5th and 6th century large free-standing farms were created; they grew larger as time passed. An example of such a farm can be found in Slöinge . It was not just the social structure that changed, so too did the settlement structure . New villages were formed, while old ones were abandoned. The new centers that were formed became

1122-706: Was captured by the Swedes. The Swedo-Danish struggles in the early 16th century came to affect the province as well, as in 1519 when the border regions were sacked by the Swedes as a vengeance for similar Danish action in Västergötland . The Danish civil war called the Count's Feud in 1534–1536, the Northern Seven Years' War between Denmark-Norway and Sweden in 1563–1570 and the Kalmar War between Denmark-Norway and Sweden in 1611–1613 all affected Halland. One of

1156-460: Was counted as part of Götaland instead. Norrland ( Northland ) today comprises nine provinces in Northern and central Sweden. Until 1645 the provinces of Jämtland and Härjedalen were parts of Norway. In 1809, when Sweden ceded Finland to the Russian Empire , the old province of Lapland was split into Swedish Lapland and Finnish Lapland . Norrbotten was separated from Västerbotten at

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