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27-511: Hamamatsu is at the edge of Mikatagahara plateau in the center of Tōtōmi Province, and was from ancient times a post station on the Tōkaidō highway connecting Kyoto with the eastern provinces of Japan. During the late Muromachi and Sengoku period , this area came under the control of the Imagawa clan , a powerful warlord from Suruga Province . It is uncertain when the original Hamamatsu Castle

54-459: A collateral Tokugawa branch . As a practical matter, it could be said that this office ended with his resignation in 1867; but matters were not so unclouded in that time. After the Imperial edict sanctioning the restoration of Imperial government (November 1867), there was a time lag before the office of shoshidai was abolished (January 1868) and affairs of the city were temporarily entrusted to

81-598: A consistent and coherent whole. The office was similar to the Rokuhara Tandai of the 13th- and 14th-century Kamakura shogunate . Tandai was the name given to governors or chief magistrates of important cities under the Kamakura shogunate . The office became very important under the Hōjō regents and was always held by a trusted member of the family. The office was expanded and its duties codified as an office in

108-537: A higher kokudaka ranking. Many also went on to hold high offices within the shogun administration, including five rōjū , two Kyoto Shoshidai , two Osaka jōdai and four Jisha-bugyō . For this reason, Hamamatsu Castle gained its nickname of Shusse Castle , meaning "Castle of promotion. With the Meiji Restoration , the remaining military structures of the castle were destroyed, outer moats filled in, and outer baileys sold off. The central portion

135-595: A miniature model of how the city might have looked at the start of the Edo period. Surrounding the museum is Hamamatsu Castle Park which is planted with numerous sakura trees. A large bronze statue of Tokugawa Ieyasu also stands in the park. The castle was listed as one of the Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles in 2017. [REDACTED] Media related to Hamamatsu Castle at Wikimedia Commons Shukuba Shukuba ( 宿場 ) were staging post stations during

162-488: A new castle on a site which partially overlapped that of the original Hikuma Castle. Hamamatsu Castle was approximately 500 meters north-south by 450 meters east-west. The location has few natural barriers, but the castle utilizes the natural slope of the Mikatagahara plateau, with the donjon at the highest point in the northwest. To east was the inner bailey , followed by the second bailey and third bailey roughly in

189-412: A straight line to the southeast. The stone walls were constructed in the nozura-zumi style using unshaped stones, with the ruins of the fortifications of the original Hikuma Castle also forming part of the outer defenses. Tokugawa Ieyasu spent 17 years at Hamamatsu Castle, from age 29 to 45. The Battle of Anegawa , Battle of Nagashino , and Battle of Komaki and Nagakute were all fought when Hamamatsu

216-438: The shōgun provided help in the form of various permits, rice collection and simple money lending, making it possible for the establishments to stay open. The hatago , retail stores, tea houses , etc., which were designed for general travelers, were able to build a profit. Ai no shuku were intermediate post stations; though they were unofficial resting spots, they had many of the same facilities. Generally speaking, as

243-593: The Edo period in Japan , generally located on one of the Edo Five Routes or one of its sub-routes. They were also called shuku-eki (宿駅). These stage stations, or "stage station towns ( 宿場町 , shukuba-machi ) " developed around them, were places where travelers could rest on their journey around the nation. They were created based on policies for the transportation of goods by horseback that were developed during

270-620: The Meiji period arrived and brought along the spread of rail transport , the number of travelers visiting these post stations greatly declined, as did the prosperity of the post stations. Many shukuba are preserved as cultural heritage. They are also often the subjects of Ukiyo-e , such as in The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō by Hiroshige . Kyoto Shoshidai The Kyoto Shoshidai ( 京都所司代 , Kyōto Shoshidai )

297-575: The Nara and Heian periods. These stations were first established by Tokugawa Ieyasu shortly after the end of the Battle of Sekigahara . The first stations were developed along the Tōkaidō (followed by stations on the Nakasendō and other routes). In 1601, the first of the Tōkaidō's fifty-three stations were developed, stretching from Shinagawa-juku in Edo to Ōtsu-juku in Ōmi Province . Not all

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324-568: The Tokugawa shogunate . The shoshidai , usually chosen from among the fudai daimyōs , was the shōgun's deputy in the Kyoto region, and was responsible for maintaining good relations and open communication between the shogunate and the imperial court. The shoshidai also controlled the access of the daimyōs to the Court. He was responsible for overseeing the Imperial court's finances, for ensuring

351-479: The Kyoto deputy (the daikan ), and the officials of the Nijō Castle were all subordinate to the shoshidai. He was empowered to hear suits-at-law and he had oversight control of all temples and shrines. The shoshidai had a force of constables ( yoriki ) and policemen ( dōshin ) under their command. In addition to administrative duties, the shoshidai 's participation in ceremonial events helped to consolidate

378-462: The castle was renovated in line with contemporary advances in stone ramparts, and was expanded in size. Contemporary records indicate that the castle was never built with a tenshukaku -style keep . Throughout its history, a two-story yagura located within the second bailey served as a substitute keep. After the Battle of Sekigahara , the Horio clan was relocated to Izumo Province and Hamamatsu

405-408: The emperor's personal security, and for guarding the safety of the court. For example, the shoshidai supported the Kyoto magistrate or municipal administrator (the machi-bugyō ) in making positive policy about firefighting for the royal palaces. In this context, the shoshidai collaborated with the administrator of the reigning sovereign's court (the kinri-zuki bugyō ) and the administrator of

432-507: The ex-emperor's court (the sendō-zuki bugyō ), both of whom were shogunate appointees. The shoshidai also headed a network of spies tasked with discovering and reporting any covert sources of sedition, insurrection or other kinds of unrest. As Governor-general of Kyoto and the surrounding eight provinces, the shoshidai was responsible for collecting taxes and for other duties within this region. The municipal administrators of Nara and Fushimi, in addition to Kyoto's municipal governance,

459-403: The income from his own domain. In September 1862, a concurrent, nearly co-equal office was created, the " Kyoto shugoshoku ", in an attempt to strengthen the kōbu-gattai ( 公武合体 , unity (合体) of the Imperial (court, 公) and Tokugawa (martial, 武) families ) faction. The kōbu-gattai were feudal lords and Court nobles who sought a greater share of political power without actually destroying

486-422: The post stations were built at the same time, however, as the last one was built in 1624. The lodgings in the post stations were established for use by public officials and, when there were not enough lodgings, nearby towns were also put into use. The post station's toiyaba , honjin and sub- honjin were all saved for the public officials. It was hard to receive a profit as the proprietor of these places, but

513-565: The power and influence of the shogunate. For example, in September 1617, a Korean delegation was received by Tokugawa Hidetada at Fushimi Castle , and the shoshidai was summoned for two reasons (1) for the Koreans, to underscore the importance accorded the embassy, and (2) for the kuge courtiers in attendance, to make sure that they were properly impressed. It was eventually established that service as governor of Osaka (the judai )

540-483: The shogunate, in opposition to a more radical faction, the tōbaku ( 倒幕 , overthrowing the shogunate ) , which attracted men like Ōkubo Toshimichi . The related office of the shugoshoku had essentially the same functions as that of the shoshidai, but it was considered the senior of the two; and only members of the Matsudaira family were appointed. The last Kyoto shoshidai , Matsudaira Sadaaki , came from

567-464: Was a prerequisite for appointment as shoshidai . A close, personal link with the shōgun was maintained through visits to Edo every five or six years to report directly to the shōgun. The conventional route of promotion was from governor of Osaka to shoshidai of Kyoto and then to rōjū (member of the Shogunate's governing council). The shoshidai earned 10,000 koku annually, in addition to

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594-632: Was an important administrative and political office in the Tokugawa shogunate . The office was the personal representative of the military dictators Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi in Kyoto , the seat of the Japanese Emperor , and was adopted by the Tokugawa shōguns. The significance and effectiveness of the office is credited to the third Tokugawa shōgun, Tokugawa Iemitsu , who developed these initial creations as bureaucratic elements in

621-445: Was briefly ruled by Tokugawa Yorinobu , followed by a succession of fudai daimyō through the remainder of the Edo period . Assignment to Hamamatsu was considered a very prestigious appointment due to the castle's association with Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate. Most of the 25 daimyō who ruled Hamamatsu were assigned to Hamamatsu for only a short period, before being transferred to another domain, usually with

648-598: Was constructed; however, it appears that a fortification was built on what is now the Hamamatsu Tōshō-gū , east of the present castle, by Imagawa Sadatsuke, the fourth head of the Enshū Imagawa clan from around 1504–1520. The early castle was called Hikuma Castle ( 引馬城 or曳馬城 , Hikuma-jō ) and was entrusted to Imagawa retainer Iio Noritsura . After the fall of Imagawa Yoshimoto at the 1560 Battle of Okehazama , Iio Tsuratatsu rebelled against Imagawa Ujinao , but

675-522: Was defeated. However, the greatly weakened Imagawa clan was unable to withstand the combined forces for Tokugawa Ieyasu from Mikawa and Takeda Shingen from Kai . The former Imagawa territories in Tōtōmi were divided between the Tokugawa and Takeda in 1568. In December of the same year Tokugawa Ieyasu laid siege to Hikuma Castle and took it from Otazu no kata . He relocated his headquarters from Okazaki Castle to Hamamatsu in 1570, and started construction of

702-417: Was his seat. After his defeated at the Battle of Mikatagahara , Ieyasu forced to retreat here for what he thought would be his final stand. However, the tide later turned for Ieyasu and he survived. He renamed Hikuma Castle "Hamamatsu Castle" in 1577. Ieyasu relocated to Sunpu Castle in 1586, entrusting Hamamatsu Castle to Horio Yoshiharu , who was followed by his son Horio Tadauji . Under Horio Yoshiharu,

729-488: Was retained by the city of Hamamatsu as a park after World War II In 1958, a faux donjon was constructed out of reinforced concrete on top of the original stone palisade built by Tokugawa Ieyasu. The reconstructed structure has three stories with an observatory affording a view of the Pacific Ocean at the topmost level. There is a small museum inside which houses armor and other relics of Tokugawa clan , as well as

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