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34-554: Altona ( German: [ˈaltonaː] ), also called Hamburg-Altona , is the westernmost urban borough ( Bezirk ) of the German city state of Hamburg . Located on the right bank of the Elbe river, Altona had a population of 270,263 in 2016. From 1640 to 1864, Altona was under the administration of the Danish monarchy. Altona was an independent borough until 1937. Altona

68-625: A major Jewish community developed in Altona starting in 1611, when Count Ernest of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg granted the first permanent residence permits to Ashkenazic Jews . Members did business both in Hamburg and in Altona itself. All that remains after the Nazi Holocaust during World War II are the Jewish cemeteries , but in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, the community

102-758: A violent confrontation happened between the Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS), the police, and Communist Party (KPD) supporters in Altona , later known in German history as the Altona Bloody Sunday (German: Altonaer Blutsonntag ). Some Communists, with Tesch among them, tried to disrupt a march by the Nazis through a working-class area in Altona. Arguments and shoving escalated, culminating in gunfire that killed two SA members and 16 others,

136-485: A weapon to the demonstration, he was nonetheless sentenced to death along with August Lütgens , Walter Möller and Karl Wolff . When Hermann Göring refused to commute the sentences of the four, on 1 August 1933, in the courthouse courtyard – now home to Altona's Local Court – they were beheaded. These were the first officially declared executions in the Third Reich . Arnold Zweig 's 1947 book The Axe of Wandsbek

170-546: Is made up of seven boroughs (German: Bezirke , also known as districts or administrative districts ) and subdivided into 104 quarters (German: Stadtteile ). Most of the quarters were former independent settlements. The areal organisation is regulated by the constitution of Hamburg and several laws. The subdivision into boroughs and quarters was last modified in March 2008. (December 31, 2019) (inhabitants per km ) The first official administrative divisions of Hamburg were

204-708: Is mostly to be heard in questions of local importance (e.g. the location of fire brigade stations, schools etc.) and to prioritise the work of the borough administration ( Bezirksamt ). The administrative leader of each borough is called Bezirksamtsleiter (municipal councillor) and is elected by the borough council, although they must also be confirmed by the Senat , Hamburg's state cabinet. The 104 quarters of Hamburg are not politically independent, but have officially recognised borders. They have no self-government or administration. Historically, most quarters began as an independent rural, urban, or suburban locality and they form

238-650: Is subdivided into 181 such localities (German: Ortsteile ). St. Pauli quarter is much larger than the neighbourhood St. Pauli or Kiez which means the area around the Reeperbahn . Altona borough consists of the quarters Altona-Altstadt, Altona-Nord, Bahrenfeld, Blankenese, Groß Flottbek, Iserbrook, Lurup, Nienstedten, Osdorf, Othmarschen, Ottensen, Rissen, Sternschanze, and Sülldorf. The quarters Allermöhe, Altengamme, Bergedorf, Billwerder, Curslack, Kirchwerder, Lohbrügge, Moorfleet, Neuallermöhe, Neuengamme, Ochsenwerder, Reitbrook, Spadenland, and Tatenberg belong to

272-590: The Austro-Prussian War , Schleswig-Holstein as a whole became the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein in 1867 and as such Altona became part of the German Empire in 1871. In the same year, the town was hit by cholera , with a minimum of 16 casualties in Altona. Because of severe restrictions on the number of Jews allowed to live in Hamburg until 1864 (with the exception of 1811–1815),

306-781: The Bergedorf borough. The quarters Billbrook, Billstedt, Borgfelde, Finkenwerder, HafenCity, Hamburg-Altstadt, Hamm, Hammerbrook, Horn, Kleiner Grasbrook, Neustadt, Neuwerk, Rothenburgsort, Steinwerder, St. Georg, St. Pauli, Veddel, Waltershof, and Wilhelmsburg belong to the borough Hamburg-Mitte . Hamburg-Nord borough is made up of the quarters Alsterdorf, Barmbek-Nord, Barmbek-Süd, Dulsberg, Eppendorf, Fuhlsbüttel, Groß Borstel, Hoheluft-Ost, Hohenfelde, Langenhorn, Ohlsdorf, Uhlenhorst, and Winterhude. Altenwerder, Cranz, Eißendorf, Francop, Gut Moor, Harburg, Hausbruch, Heimfeld, Langenbek, Marmstorf, Moorburg, Neuenfelde, Neugraben-Fischbek, Neuland, Rönneburg, Sinstorf, and Wilstorf are quarters in

340-482: The Bezirksversammlung are elected every four years under a system of proportional representation. It consists of 45, 51 or 57 representatives, depending on the population of the borough. In addition to Germans, all citizen of European Union states are entitled to vote if on the day of election they have been have registered their residency in Hamburg for at least three months. The borough councils powers

374-658: The Greater Hamburg Act removed Altona from the Free State of Prussia in 1937 and merged it (and several surrounding towns) with the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. After police raids and a special court, on 1 August 1933, Bruno Tesch and others were found guilty and put to death by beheading with a hand-held axe. In the 1990s, the Federal Republic of Germany reversed the convictions of Tesch and

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408-733: The Kleiner Grasbrook. Rural areas have been e.g. Großborstel, Fuhlsbüttel, Langenhorn, Alsterdorf, Ohlsdorf, Kleinborstel, Struckholt. Localities named as Walddörfer (forest villages) Farmsen with Berne, Volksdorf, Wohldorf and Olstedt, Groß-Hansdorf, and Schmalenbeck. In the south rural areas between Bille and Elbe are located Billwärder an der Bille, Moorfleeth, Allermöhe, Spadenland, Tatenberg, Ochsenwärder, and Reitbrook. Several villages and rural areas are located south of river Elbe , e.g. Moorwärder, Kaltenhofe, Peute, Die große Veddel, Die kleine Veddel, Niedernfelde, Klütjenfelde, Ellerholz, Ross, Waltershof, Mühlenwärder, Dradenau and

442-547: The State Hamburg lost all its rural areas, they became part of the state of Hamburg. The city also gained considerable area from the province of Schleswig-Holstein as Altona and Wandsbek both became administrative districts of Hamburg. Furthermore, rural districts Bergstedt, Billstedt, Bramstedt, Bramfeld, Duvenstedt, Hummelsbüttel, Lemsahl-Mellingstedt, Lohbrügge, Poppenbüttel, Rahlstedt, Sasel, Steilshoop und Wellingsbüttel, Kurslack im Achterschlag, and Lokstedt were added to

476-579: The affluent Blankenese and Nienstedten quarters within the borough. The border of Altona to the south is the River Elbe , and across the river the state of Lower Saxony and the boroughs of Harburg and Hamburg-Mitte . To the east is the borough of Hamburg-Mitte and to the north is the borough of Eimsbüttel . The western border is with the state of Schleswig-Holstein . According to the statistical office of Hamburg, Altona has an area of 77.5 km or 29.9 sq mi in 2006. Politically,

510-404: The basis of the state and city of Hamburg. Their historical roots as a settlement can often be observed in the endings of their names, such as Bergedorf – dorf means village and berg means mountain, so Bergedorf is the village in the mountains. Some quarters are made up of several officially recognised locations, not to be confused with by inhabitants so called neighbourhoods. In total, Hamburg

544-772: The borough Hamburg-Mitte has the group/area called " Schiffsbevölkerung " (people living on ships). Parts translated from de:Bezirke in Hamburg [REDACTED] Media related to Subdivisions of Hamburg at Wikimedia Commons [REDACTED] Media related to Quarters of Hamburg at Wikimedia Commons 53°35′00″N 9°59′00″E  /  53.58333°N 9.98333°E  / 53.58333; 9.98333 Bruno Tesch (antifascist) Born in Kiel , Germany , to an Italian mother, Tesch spent his childhood in Italy before moving to live with his stepfather in Hamburg in 1925, where he

578-473: The borough of Harburg . The Wandsbek borough consists of Bergstedt, Bramfeld, Duvenstedt, Eilbek, Farmsen-Berne, Hummelsbüttel, Jenfeld, Lemsahl-Mellingstedt, Marienthal, Poppenbüttel, Rahlstedt, Sasel, Steilshoop, Tonndorf, Volksdorf, Wandsbek, Wellingsbüttel, and Wohldorf-Ohlstedt. Eimsbüttel is split into nine quarters: Eidelstedt, Eimsbüttel, Harvestehude, Hoheluft-West, Lokstedt, Niendorf, Rotherbaum, Schnelsen, and Stellingen. For statistical purpose,

612-551: The entirety of which is now in the Altona borough. Altona is noted for being the site of the popular Altona Fischmarkt . Commentators and politicians, including former member of the Hamburg Parliament Stefanie von Berg  [ de ] , have noted that neighborhoods in Altona is diverse in terms of social conditions. Von Berg noted that poverty present in the Lurup and Osdorf quarters contrast with

646-515: The following quarters (German: Stadtteile ) are part of Altona borough: In 2018, Altona had a population of 274,702 people. 18.0% are children under the age of 18 and 17.9% are 65 years of age or older. 16.2% are immigrants. 5.0% of people are registered as unemployed. In 2018, 53,4% of all households are single-person households. There are 195 kindergartens and 31 primary schools in Altona as well as 879 physicians in private practice, 254 dentists and 60 pharmacies. Simultaneously with elections to

680-415: The isles of Neuwerk, Scharnhörn, and Niegehörn. In 1969 the isles were handed back to Hamburg and administered from the borough of Hamburg-Mitte ever since. 1 March 2008 the quarter Wilhelmsburg became part of the borough Hamburg-Mitte. The neighbourhood Schanzenviertel in the boroughs Altona, Eimsbüttel, and Hamburg-Mitte became the quarter Sternschanze in the borough Altona. The neighborhood HafenCity

714-622: The latter group likely by uncontrolled police gunfire. Tesch, who was involved in the violence, was later alleged to have fired shots in the incident. After the National Socialist German Workers Party seized power , the case was brought before the National Socialist Special Court ( Sondergerichte ) in Altona. Although the investigation turned up no solid proof of Tesch's guilt, and it could not be proved that Tesch had brought

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748-490: The mayor of Altona, directed that town personnel should be paid in part with gas meter tokens, as the tokens did not lose value from inflation. The most notable event at that time was the Altona Bloody Sunday (German: Altonaer Blutsonntag ) on 17 July 1932, when 18 people were killed, all but two by police, during a violent clash between Nazi marchers and members or supporters of the Communist Party . In 1938,

782-544: The municipalities Finkenwärder, and Moorburg. The city of Bergedorf and municipalities Curslak, Altengamme, Neuengamme, Kirchwärder, Krauel and Geesthacht. And the municipalities Cuxhaven, Groden, Döse, Süderwisch und Westerwisch, Stickenbüttel, Sahlenburg, Duhnen, Holte and Spangen, Arensch und Berensch, Oxstedt, Gudendorf, and the island Neuwerk . At 1 April 1938, due to the Gesetz über Groß-Hamburg und andere Gebietsbereinigungen (Greater Hamburg Act) (from 26 January 1937),

816-587: The other men who were put to death, clearing their names. On 1 February 2007, the Ortsämter (district offices) in Hamburg were done away with. In Altona, the districts of Blankenese, Lurup and Osdorf had existed and had local offices. On 1 March 2008, the Schanzenviertel neighborhood, which had spanned parts of the boroughs of Altona, Eimsbüttel and Hamburg-Mitte, became the Sternschanze quarter,

850-471: The parishes of four churches, the St. Peter's , St. Catherine's , St. James's , and St. Nicholas's Churches (or their preceding buildings). On 24 February, 1529 a compromise of 132 articles between the senate of Hamburg and the citizens (German: Langer Rezeß ) established a council of citizens. The twelve councilmen were called Oberalte (eldermen) and were the three oldest deacons of each parish. Each parish

884-763: The state parliament ( Bürgerschaft ), the Bezirksversammlung is elected as representatives of the citizens. It consists of 51 representatives. Altona is the location of a major railway station, Hamburg-Altona , connecting the Hamburg S-Bahn with the regional railways and local bus lines. The A 7 autobahn passes through Altona borough. According to the Department of Motor Vehicles (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt), in Altona 87,131 private cars were registered (359 cars per 1000 people). Boroughs and quarters of Hamburg#Boroughs The city of Hamburg in Germany

918-447: The state's area. The Province of Hanover handed over the city district of Harburg-Wilhelmsburg. The settlements of the rural districts Altenwerder, Cranz, Finkenwerder, Fischbek, Francop, Gut Moor, Hannöversch Kirchwerder, Langenbek, Marmstorf, Neuenfelde, Neugraben, Neuland, Rönneburg, Sinstorf, and parts of Over therefore became quarters within the state's borders. Hamburg lost Cuxhaven , Geesthacht , Schmalenbeck, Groß Hansdorf, and

952-512: Was a major center of Jewish life and scholarship . Holstein-Pinneberg and later Danish Holstein had lower taxes and placed fewer civil impositions on their Jewish community than did the government of Hamburg . During the Weimar era following World War I , the town of Altona was disturbed by major labor strikes and street disorders. Inflation in Germany was a major problem. In 1923, Max Brauer ,

986-627: Was an apprentice plumber . Finding himself unemployed after his apprenticeship was over, he entered the Freiwilliger Arbeitsdienst (FAD), or Volunteer Work Service. Politically radical, he joined the Socialist Worker Youth ( Sozialistische Arbeiterjugend ) in 1930, but soon switched to the Young Communist League of Germany ( Kommunistischer Jugendverband Deutschlands ). On 17 July 1932,

1020-505: Was awarded the status of a quarter. A borough of Hamburg is not comparable to other local administrations in Germany. The Constitution of Hamburg determines that Hamburg is both a state and a single municipality . But it allows that boroughs can be formed for the purpose of local administrative. The boroughs have minor rights to determine local administration. The boroughs of Hamburg have their own local council (German: Bezirksversammlung, literally 'district assembly'). The members of

1054-673: Was founded in 1535 as a village of fishermen in what was then Holstein-Pinneberg . In 1640, Altona came under Danish rule as part of Holstein-Glückstadt , and in 1664 was granted municipal rights by the Danish King Frederik III , who then ruled in personal union as Duke of Holstein. Altona was one of the Danish monarchy's most important harbor towns. The railway from Altona to Kiel , the Hamburg-Altona–Kiel railway (Danish: Christian VIII Østersø Jernbane ),

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1088-740: Was given a confirmed border. In 1871 at the declaration of the German Reich the State of Hamburg consisted of the city of Hamburg with Altstadt (Old city), Neustadt (New city) and St. Georg (Hamburg since 1868). A suburb called St. Pauli and several directly named outskirts and the other land. In the north former parts of the Province of Schleswig-Holstein with its municipalities Rotherbaum, Harvestehude, Eimsbüttel, Eppendorf, Winterhude, Uhlenhorst, Barmbeck, Eilbek, Hohenfelde, Borgfelde, Hamm, Horn, Billwärder-Ausschlag, Steinwärder mit Grevenhof and

1122-861: Was opened in 1844. The wars between Denmark and the German Confederation – the First Schleswig War (1848–1851) and the Second Schleswig War (February–October 1864) led to Denmark's cession of the Duchies of Schleswig , Holstein and Lauenburg ; they were initially jointly administered as a condominium by Prussian and Austrian administration. With the Gastein Convention of 14 August 1865, Holstein came under solely Austrian administration, while Schleswig and Lauenburg came under Prussian authority. After

1156-726: Was written about Altona Bloody Sunday and was subsequently filmed in East Germany in 1951 (and, again, in West Germany in 1981). In East Germany , a school in Klausdorf as well as a street in Wismar were named after Bruno Tesch. Despite political resistance, a former comprehensive school in Hamburg-Altona was named after Bruno Tesch. All those sentenced to death had their convictions overturned on 13 November 1992 by

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