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75-651: The Hampton Classic Horse Show (generally referred to as the " Hampton Classic ") is a Grand Prix event considered one of the larger show jumping contests in the United States. Held over Labor Day in Bridgehampton , part of the town of Southampton, New York , it is one of the biggest social bashes in the Hamptons scene and signals the grand finale of summer season. In 2013, the show dates were Sunday, August 25 through Sunday, September 1. The roots of

150-594: A cavesson style noseband and are seen in English riding . Their reins are buckled to one another, and they have little adornment or flashy hardware. Western Bridles used in Western riding usually have no noseband , are made of thin bridle leather. They may have long, separated "Split" reins or shorter closed reins, which sometimes include an attached Romal . Western bridles are often adorned with silver or other decorative features. Double bridles are

225-482: A chain attached to the lead rope and placed over the nose or under the jaw to increase the control provided by a halter while being led. Most of the time, horses are not ridden with a halter, as it offers insufficient precision and control. Halters have no bit. In Australian and British English, a halter is a rope with a spliced running loop around the nose and another over the poll, used mainly for unbroken horses or for cattle . The lead rope cannot be removed from

300-422: A course designer might set up a line so that there are six and a half strides (the standard measure for a canter stride is twelve feet) between the jumps, requiring the rider to adjust the horse's stride dramatically in order to make the distance. This could also mean that the rider may have to add or subtract a stride to clear the jump with more ease. How the rider chooses to adjust can also depend on their horse. If

375-437: A deep seat, can hinder a rider over large fences, forcing them into a position that limits the horse's movement and may put the rider dangerously behind the movement of the horse. At international levels, saddle pads are usually white and square in shape, allowing the pair to display a sponsorship, national flag, or breeding affiliation. In contrast, riders in show hunters and equitation often use "fitted" fleece pads that are

450-415: A driving rein. A bit is a device placed in a horse's mouth, kept on a horse's head by means of a headstall. There are many types, each useful for specific types of riding and training. The mouthpiece of the bit does not rest on the teeth of the horse , but rather rests on the gums or "bars" of the horse's mouth in an interdental space behind the front incisors and in front of the back molars . It

525-658: A five-day rated show held initially at Dune Alpin Farm in East Hampton . In 1978, its name was formally changed to the Hampton Classic, and in 1982 it moved to its present location on Snake Hollow Road, Bridgehampton. In 2006 its web site indicated it has 1,300 horses exhibited and over $ 500,000 in prize money. The social scene that accompanies the show has led to heavy upscale sponsorships. Its VIP tent could house 3,000 served by white-coated waiters. Visitors promenade

600-407: A frozen metal bit into a horse's mouth. Like bitted bridles, noseband-based designs can be gentle or harsh, depending on the hands of the rider. It is a myth that a bit is cruel and a hackamore is gentler. The horse's face is very soft and sensitive with many nerve endings. Misuse of a hackamore can cause swelling on the nose, scraping on the nose and jawbone, and extreme misuse may cause damage to

675-491: A harness is always required, however, and is a practical necessity to protect the rider's head in the event of a fall. Tall boots are required, usually black. Spurs are optional, but commonly used. Breeches are traditional in color, usually white, tan, or beige. At approved competitions, depending on sanctioning organization, a dark-colored coat usually is worn (although under the rules of the USEF tweed or wash jackets are allowed in

750-577: A heavy noseband of some sort, rather than a bit, most often used to train young horses or to go easy on an older horse's mouth. Hackamores are more often seen in western riding . Some related styles of headgear that control a horse with a noseband rather than a bit are known as bitless bridles . The word " hackamore " is derived from the Spanish word jáquima. Hackamores are seen in western riding disciplines, as well as in endurance riding and English riding disciplines such as show jumping and

825-463: A horse from throwing its head up, it also may be quite dangerous in the event of a stumble, restricting a horse from using its head to regain its balance. For this reason, standing martingales are not used in show jumping or eventing . Breastplates also are common, used to keep the saddle in place as the horse goes over large fences. Rider attire may be somewhat less formal than that used in hunter riding. An approved ASTM/SEI equestrian helmet with

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900-415: A horse has a smaller stride in comparison to the average, they may need to add another stride and vice versa if the horse has a longer stride. Unlike show hunter classes, which reward calmness and style, jumper classes require boldness, scope, power, accuracy, and control; speed also is a factor, especially in jump-off courses and speed classes (when time counts even in the first round). The first round of

975-435: A horse's neck used to guide the horse during bridleless riding or groundwork. Reins consist of leather straps or rope attached to the outer ends of a bit and extend to the rider's or driver's hands. Reins are the means by which a horse rider or driver communicates directional commands to the horse's head. Pulling on the reins can be used to steer or stop the horse. The sides of a horse's mouth are sensitive, so pulling on

1050-415: A noseband and headstall that buckles around the horse's head and allows the horse to be led or tied. The lead rope is separate, and it may be short (from six to ten feet, two to three meters) for everyday leading and tying, or much longer (up to 25 feet (7.6 m), eight meters) for tasks such as for leading packhorses or for picketing a horse out to graze. Some horses, particularly stallions , may have

1125-546: A rider is thrown from a horse but has a foot caught in the stirrup, they could be dragged if the horse runs away. To minimize this risk, a number of safety precautions are taken. First, most riders wear riding boots with a heel and a smooth sole. Next, some saddles, particularly English saddles , have safety bars that allow a stirrup leather to fall off the saddle if pulled backwards by a falling rider. Other precautions are done with stirrup design itself. Western saddles have wide stirrup treads that make it more difficult for

1200-644: A straight bar fence and a water jump. A meeting was arranged in 1923 which led to the formation of the BSJA in 1925. In the United States, a similar need for national rules for jumping and other equestrian activities led to the formation of the American Horse Shows Association in 1917, which now is known as the United States Equestrian Federation . An early form of show jumping first was incorporated into

1275-419: A type of English bridle that use two bits in the mouth at once, a snaffle and a curb. The two bits allow the rider to have very precise control of the horse. As a rule, only very advanced horses and riders use double bridles. Double bridles are usually seen in the top levels of dressage , but also are seen in certain types of show hack and Saddle seat competition. A hackamore is a headgear that utilizes

1350-430: A wide leather strap going horizontally across the horses' breast, attached to the traces and then to the load. This is used only for lighter loads. A collar and hames harness has a collar around the horses' neck with wood or metal hames in the collar. The traces attach from the hames to the load. This type of harness is needed for heavy draft work. Both types will also have a bridle and reins . A harness that

1425-502: A wider range of equipment, and may wear less conservative attire, so long as it stays within the rules. Some events may make it compulsory to wear show jackets. Formal turnout always is preferred; a neat rider gives a good impression at shows. In addition to hunters and jumpers, there are equitation classes, sometimes called hunt seat equitation, which judges the ability of the rider. The equipment, clothing, and fence styles used in equitation more closely resemble hunter classes, although

1500-465: Is a tack room . Saddles are seats for the rider , fastened to the horse's back by means of a girth in English-style riding, or a cinch in the use of Western tack. Girths are generally a wide strap that goes around the horse at a point about four inches behind the forelegs. Some western saddles will also have a second strap known as a flank or back cinch that fastens at the rear of

1575-694: Is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association . International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports . Show jumping events have hunter classes, jumper classes and hunt seat equitation classes. Hunters are judged subjectively on

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1650-408: Is equipment or accessories equipped on horses and other equines in the course of their use as domesticated animals. This equipment includes such items as saddles , stirrups , bridles , halters , reins , bits , and harnesses. Equipping a horse is often referred to as tacking up, and involves putting the tack equipment on the horse. A room to store such equipment, usually near or in a stable ,

1725-506: Is important that the style of bit is appropriate to the horse's needs and is fitted properly for it to function properly and be as comfortable as possible for the horse. The basic "classic" styles of bits are: While there are literally hundreds of types of bit mouthpieces , bit rings and bit shanks , essentially there are really only two broad categories: direct pressure bits, broadly termed snaffle bits ; and leverage bits, usually termed curbs . Bits that act with direct pressure on

1800-531: Is no correlation between the size of a horse and its athletic ability, nor do tall horses necessarily have an advantage when jumping. Nonetheless, a taller horse may make a fence appear less daunting to the rider. Ponies also compete in show jumping competitions in many countries, usually in classes limited to youth riders, defined as those under the age of 16 or 18 years, depending on the sanctioning organization. Pony-sized horses may, on occasion, compete in open competition with adult riders. The most famous example

1875-400: Is particularly important to prevent a saddle from shifting. They may also be worn in other horse show classes for decorative purposes. A martingale is a piece of equipment that keeps a horse from raising its head too high. Various styles can be used as a control measure, to prevent the horse from avoiding rider commands by raising its head out of position; or as a safety measure to keep

1950-486: Is the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI). The two most common types of penalties are jumping penalties and time penalties. The above type of scoring is called "Table A" scoring. Table C is a method of scoring based only on speed. The penalties for each knockdown is to add 4 seconds to the rider's time. The fastest score wins. Show jumping competitors use a very forward style of English saddle , most often

2025-500: Is the most popular type. Bits may also vary in severity, and competitors may use any bit, or even a " bitless bridle " or a mechanical hackamore . The ground jury at the show has the right, however, based on veterinary advice, to refuse a bit or bridling scheme if it could cause harm to the horse. Boots and wraps are worn by almost all horses, due to the fact that they may easily injure their legs when landing or when making tight turns at speed. Open-fronted tendon boots usually are worn on

2100-655: Is the plaiting of the horse's mane and tail. At FEI Grand Prix levels, dress is more strictly controlled. Riders must wear white or light-colored shirts, white ties or chokers, black or brown boots, white or light fawn breeches, and red or black jackets. Members of the military, police forces, and national studs, however, retain the right to wear their service uniforms instead of FEI-prescribed dress. In some circumstances, members of international teams may wear jackets in their country's respective colors or add national insignia. Show jumping fences often are colorful, sometimes very elaborate and artistic in design, particularly at

2175-416: Is to jump cleanly over a set course within an allotted time. Time faults are assessed for exceeding the time allowance. Jumping faults are incurred for knockdowns and blatant disobedience, such as refusals (when the horse stops before a fence or the horse, "runs out") ( see Modern scoring below ). Horses are allowed a limited number of refusals before being disqualified. A refusal may lead to a rider exceeding

2250-411: Is used to support shafts, such as on a cart pulled by a single horse, will also have a saddle attached to the harness to help the horse support the shafts and breeching to brake the forward motion of the vehicle, especially when stopping or moving downhill. Horses guiding vehicles by means of a pole, such as two-horse teams pulling a wagon , a hay-mower, or a dray , will have pole-straps attached to

2325-543: The Olympic Games in 1900. Show jumping in its current format appeared in 1912 and has thrived ever since, its recent popularity due in part to its suitability as a spectator sport that is well adapted for viewing on television. The original list of faults introduced in Great Britain in 1925 were as follows: Water jumps were once at least 15 feet (5 m) wide, although the water often had drained out of them by

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2400-476: The forward seat , is commonly used today. The deep, Dressage -style seat, while useful for riding on the flat and in conditions where control of the horse is of greater importance than freedom of movement, is less suitable for jumping. The first major show jumping competition held in England was at Olympia in 1907. Most of the competitors were members of the military and it became clear at this competition and in

2475-459: The poll , chin groove and mouth of the horse are in the category of curb bits. Any bit with shanks that works off of leverage is a "curb" bit, regardless of whether the mouthpiece is solid or jointed. Some combination or hybrid bits combine direct pressure and leverage, such as the Kimblewick or Kimberwicke , which adds slight leverage to a two-rein design that resembles a snaffle; and

2550-428: The "close contact" design, which has a forward flap and a seat and cantle that is flatter than saddles designed for general all-purpose English riding or dressage . This construction allows greater freedom of movement for the rider when in jumping position and allows a shorter stirrup, allowing the rider to lighten the seat on the horse. Other saddles, such as those designed for dressage , are intended for riders with

2625-426: The 18th century, there had been little need for horses to jump fences routinely, but with this act of Parliament came new challenges for those who followed fox hounds . The Inclosure Acts brought fencing and boundaries to many parts of the country as common ground was dispersed amongst separate owners. This meant that those wishing to pursue their sport now needed horses that were capable of jumping these obstacles. In

2700-404: The United States, or the international "Grand Prix" circuit, present more technical and complex courses. Not only is the height and width ("spread") of an obstacle increased to present a greater challenge, technical difficulty also increases with tighter turns and shorter or unusual distances between fences. Horses sometimes also have to jump fences from an angle rather than straight on. For example,

2775-415: The bones and cartilage of the horse's head. A longeing cavesson (UK: lungeing ) is a special type of halter or noseband used for longeing a horse. Longeing is the activity of having a horse walk, trot and/or canter in a large circle around the handler at the end of a rope that is 25 to 30 feet (9.1 m) long. It is used for training and exercise. A neck rope or cordeo is a rope tied around

2850-446: The class consists of the rider and horse having to go around the course without refusing or knocking down any jumps while also staying within the time allowed. If the horse/rider combination completes the first round successfully, then they move on to the second round, called the "jump-off". In a jump-off, the rider needs to plan ahead of time because they need to be very speedy and also not have any faults. The jump-off has fewer jumps than

2925-861: The degree to which they meet an ideal standard of manners, style, and way of going. Conversely, jumper classes are scored objectively, based entirely on a numerical score determined only by whether the horse attempts the obstacle, clears it, and finishes the course in the allotted time. Jumper courses tend to be much more complex and technical than hunter courses because riders and horses are not being judged on style. Courses often are colorful and at times, quite creatively designed. Jumper courses can range anywhere in height from 0.80 meters to 1.60 meters. Hunters have meticulous turnout and tend toward very quiet, conservative horse tack and rider attire. Hunter bits , bridles , crops , spurs , and martingales are tightly regulated. Jumpers, while caring for their horses and grooming them well, are not scored on turnout, are allowed

3000-564: The early horse shows held in France , there was a parade of competitors who then took off across country for the jumping. This sport was, however, not popular with spectators since they could not follow to watch the jumping. Thus, it was not long before fences began to appear in an arena for the competitions. This became known as Lepping . 1869 was the year ‘horse leaping’ came to prominence at Dublin horse show. Fifteen years later, Lepping competitions were brought to Britain and by 1900 most of

3075-533: The first round but is usually much more difficult. To win this round, the rider has to be the quickest while still not refusing or knocking down any jumps. In most competitions, the penalties for knocking a pole down is four per pole. This is then added to any time penalties that have occurred Show jumping is a relatively new equestrian sport. Until the Inclosure Acts , which came into force in England in

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3150-400: The foot to become trapped. A number of saddle styles incorporate a tapedero , which is covering over the front of the stirrup that keeps the foot from sliding all the way through the stirrup. The English stirrup (or "iron") has several design variations which are either shaped to allow the rider's foot to slip out easily or are closed with a very heavy rubber band. The invention of stirrups

3225-409: The forelegs, because they provide protection for the delicate tendons that run down the back of the leg, but still allow the horse to feel a rail should it get careless and hang its legs. Fetlock boots are sometimes seen on the rear legs, primarily to prevent the horse from hitting itself on tight turns. However, dressage horses are forbidden from wearing boots or wraps during competition or tests, due to

3300-467: The formality of dressage there are extended regulations on tack. Martingales are very common, especially on horses used at the Grand Prix level. The majority of jumpers are ridden in running martingales since these provide the most freedom over fences. Although a standing martingale (a strap connecting directly to the horse's noseband) is commonly seen on show hunters and may be helpful in keeping

3375-408: The four rein designs such as the single mouthpiece Pelham bit and the double bridle , which places a curb and a snaffle bit simultaneously in the horse's mouth. In the wrong hands even the mildest bit can hurt the horse. Conversely, a very severe bit, in the right hands, can transmit subtle commands that cause no pain to the horse. Bit commands should be given with only the quietest movements of

3450-472: The freedom of the horse to use its body to the extent needed to clear large obstacles. An Italian riding instructor, Captain Federico Caprilli , heavily influenced the world of jumping with his ideas promoting a forward position with shorter stirrups. This style placed the rider in a position that did not interfere with the balance of the horse while negotiating obstacles. This style, now known as

3525-461: The grounds often with dogs and showing off elaborate hats, which are commonly worn to the prestigious Grand Prix, held on the last Sunday of the show. The show is held at the peak of the Atlantic hurricane season , and several shows have had to deal with hurricanes or the rains associated with them. In 1976 the tents were flattened in one storm just before the show. In 2011, Hurricane Irene caused

3600-481: The halter. A show halter is made from rolled leather and the lead attaches to form the chinpiece of the noseband. These halters are not suitable for paddock usage or in loose stalls. An underhalter is a lightweight halter or headcollar which is made with only one small buckle, and can be worn under a bridle for tethering a horse without untacking. Bridles usually have a bit attached to reins and are used for riding and driving horses. English Bridles have

3675-538: The hands, and much steering and stopping should be done with the legs and seat. A horse harness is a set of devices and straps that attaches a horse to a cart , carriage , sledge or any other load. There are two main styles of harnesses - breaststrap and collar and hames style. These differ in how the weight of the load is attached. Most Harnesses are made from leather, which is the traditional material for harnesses, though some designs are now made of nylon webbing or synthetic biothane. A breaststrap harness has

3750-424: The height and spread of fences In the United States, jumping levels range from 0–9 as follows: USEF jumper levels In Germany, competition levels are denoted by the letters E, A, L, M, S, and correspond to heights ranging from 0.80 to 1.55 meters. A show jumper must have the scope and courage to jump large fences as well as the athletic ability to handle the sharp turns and bursts of speed necessary to navigate

3825-455: The highest levels of competition. Fences are designed to break away if stuck by the horse, both to simplify scoring, but also for safety, particularly to prevent falls by the horse. Types of jumps used include the following: At international level competitions that are governed by FEI rules, fence heights begin at 1.50 metres (4 ft 11 in). Other competition levels are given different names in different nations, but are based primarily on

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3900-416: The horse from tossing its head high or hard enough to smack its rider in the face. They are allowed in many types of competition, especially those where speed or jumping may be required, but are not allowed in most "flat" classes at horse shows , though an exception is made in a few classes limited exclusively to young or "green" horses who may not yet be fully trained. Martingales are usually attached to

3975-514: The horse one of two ways. They are either attached to the center chest ring of a breastplate or, if no breastplate is worn, they are attached by two straps, one that goes around the horse's neck, and the other that attaches to the girth, with the martingale itself beginning at the point in the center of the chest where the neck and girth straps intersect. Martingale types include the standing martingale, running, German, Market Harborough, and Irish. There are other training devices that fall loosely in

4050-545: The hospital as well as dozens of other area charities. Grand Prix show jumping Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing , hunters , and equitation . Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics . Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping

4125-612: The initial course but not the jump-off course (usually the same course with missing jumps, e.g., 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 instead of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or the same course but timed) before competition to plan their ride. Walking the course before the event is a chance for the rider to walk the lines he or she will have to ride, in order to decide how many strides the horse will need to take between each jump and from which angle. Going off course will cost time if minor errors are made and major departures will result in disqualification. The higher levels of competition, such as "A" or "AA" rated shows in

4200-611: The lower part of the horse collar. Breastplates , breastcollars or breastgirths attach to the front of the saddle, cross the horse's chest, and usually have a strap that runs between the horse's front legs and attaches to the girth. They keep the saddle from sliding back or sideways. They are usually seen in demanding, fast-paced sports. They are crucial pieces of safety equipment for English riding activities requiring jumping, such as eventing , show jumping , polo , and fox hunting . They are also seen in Western riding events, particularly in rodeo , reining and cutting , where it

4275-419: The martingale category, in that they use straps attached to the reins or bit which limit the movement of the horse's head or add leverage to the rider's hands in order to control the horse's head. Common devices of this nature include the overcheck , the chambon , de Gogue , grazing reins, draw reins and the "bitting harness" or " bitting rig ". However, most of this equipment is used for training purposes and

4350-684: The more important shows had Lepping classes. Separate classes were held for women riding sidesaddle . At this time, the principal cavalry schools of Europe at Pinerolo and Tor-di-Quinto in Italy, the French school in Saumur, and the Spanish school in Vienna all preferred to use a very deep seat with long stirrups when jumping. While this style of riding may have felt more secure for the rider, it also impeded

4425-544: The most difficult courses. Many breeds of horses have been successful show jumpers, and even some grade horses of uncertain breeding have been champions. Most show jumpers are tall horses, over 16  hands (64 inches, 163 cm), usually of Warmblood or Thoroughbred breeding, though horses as small as 14.1  hands (57 inches, 145 cm) have been on the Olympic teams of various nations and carried riders to Olympic and other international medals. There

4500-444: The number of reins connecting to the pairs of horses. A rein may be attached to a halter to lead or guide the horse in a circle for training purposes or to lead a packhorse, but a simple lead rope is more often used for these purposes. A longe line is sometimes called a "longe rein", but it is actually a flat line about 30 feet (9.1 m) long, usually made of nylon or cotton web, about one inch wide, thus longer and wider than even

4575-482: The reins pulls the bit, which then pulls the horse's head from side to side, which is how the horse is controlled. On some types of harnesses there might be supporting rings to carry the reins over the horse's back. When pairs of horses are used in drawing a wagon or coach it is usual for the outer side of each pair to be connected to reins and the inside of the bits connected by a short bridging strap or rope. The driver carries "four-in-hand" or "six-in-hand" being

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4650-433: The riding discipline they are used in. Other types of saddles, such as racing saddles, Australian saddles , sidesaddles and endurance saddles do not necessarily fit neatly in either category. Stirrups are supports for the rider's feet that hang down on either side of the saddle. They provide greater stability for the rider but can have safety concerns due to the potential for a rider's feet to get stuck in them. If

4725-529: The saddle and goes around the widest part of the horse's belly. It is important that the saddle be comfortable for both the rider and the horse as an improperly fitting saddle may create pressure points on the horse's back muscle ( Latissimus dorsi ) and cause the horse pain and can lead to the horse, rider, or both getting injured. There are many types of saddle, each specially designed for its given task. Saddles are usually divided into two major categories: " English saddles " and " Western saddles " according to

4800-409: The same shape as the saddle. Girths vary in size and type, but usually have a contour to give room for the horse's elbows, and many have belly guards to protect the underside of the horse from its shoe studs when the front legs are tightly folded under. Bridles may be used with any style of cavesson noseband , and there are few rules regarding the severity of this equipment. The figure-8 cavesson

4875-659: The show go to the early 1900s in Southampton to a show that was discontinued during World War I . It was revived in the 1920s and then discontinued again in World War II . It was revived a third time in 1959 as the "Southampton Horse Show", which was discontinued in the mid-1960s. The current show started in 1971 by the Topping Riding Club in Sagaponack, New York , as a one-day show. In 1976 it became

4950-422: The stadium phase of eventing . While the classic bosal -style hackamore is usually used to start young horses, other designs, such as various bitless bridles and the mechanical hackamore are often seen on mature horses with dental issues that make bit use painful, horses with certain training problems, and on horses with mouth or tongue injuries. Some riders also like to use them in the winter to avoid putting

5025-485: The start of the Hampton Classic to be postponed for three days. The jumping contests continue even in the rain and are discontinued only when real hazards are posed to horse and rider. The Hampton Classic is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization with a two-fold mission: to put on a world-class equestrian event and to support other local charities. The Hampton Classic makes an annual financial contribution to Southampton Hospital , and provides additional in-kind support to

5100-414: The subsequent years, that there was no uniformity of rules for the sport. Judges marked on their own opinions. Some marked according to the severity of the obstacle and others marked according to style. Before 1907 there were no penalties for a refusal and the competitor was sometimes asked to miss the fence to please the spectators. The first courses were built with little imagination, many consisting of only

5175-403: The summer and lighter colors are currently in fashion), with a light-colored (usually white) ratcatcher-style shirt and either a choker or stock tie . In hot summer weather, many riders wear a simple short-sleeved "polo" style shirt with helmet, boots and breeches, and even where coats are required, the judges may waive the coat rule in extremely hot weather. Gloves, usually black, are optional, as

5250-466: The technical difficulty of the courses may more closely resemble showjumping events. This is because both disciplines are designed to test the rider's ability to control the horse through a difficult course consisting of rollbacks, combinations , and higher obstacles. Jumper classes are held over a course of show jumping obstacles, including verticals, spreads, and double and triple combinations , usually with many turns and changes of direction. The intent

5325-455: The time allowed on course. Placings are based on the lowest number of points or "faults" accumulated. A horse and rider who have not accumulated any jumping faults or penalty points are said to have scored a "clear round". Tied entries usually have a jump-off over a raised and shortened course, and the course is timed; if entries are tied for faults accumulated in the jump-off, the fastest time wins. In most competitions, riders are allowed to walk

5400-468: The time the last competitor jumped. High jumping would start with a pole at around five feet high, but this was later abandoned since many horses went under the pole. It was for this reason that more poles were added and fillers came into use. Time penalties were not counted until 1917. Rules have evolved since then, with different national federations having different classes and rules. The international governing body for most major show jumping competitions

5475-427: The tongue and lips of the bit are in the general category of snaffle bits. Snaffle bits commonly have a single jointed mouthpiece and act with a nutcracker effect on the bars, tongue and occasionally roof of the mouth. However, regardless of mouthpiece , any bit that operates only on direct pressure is a "snaffle" bit. Leverage bits have shanks coming off the mouthpiece to create leverage that applies pressure to

5550-530: Was Stroller , who only stood 14.1  hands (57 inches, 145 cm) but was nonetheless an Individual silver medal winner and part of the Great Britain show jumping team in the 1968 Summer Olympics , jumping one of the few clean rounds in the competition. Significant jumpers from the United States are included in the Show Jumping Hall of Fame. Para-showjumping, or para-jumping, is show jumping for disabled people. Horse tack Tack

5625-426: Was of great historic significance in mounted combat , giving the rider secure foot support while on horseback. Bridles , hackamores , halters , or headcollars , and similar equipment consist of various arrangements of straps around the horse's head, and are used for control and communication with the animal. A halter (United States) or headcollar (United Kingdom) (occasionally headstall ) consists of

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