88-516: Hampton Heights is a neighborhood and historic district located in Spartanburg , South Carolina. Although the oldest existing home of the neighborhood dates to 1885, the majority of the homes in the neighborhood are from the 1900s to the 1930s. It is the oldest residential neighborhood in the city and one of the closest to Morgan Square, the historical center of Spartanburg. Although the neighborhood suffered from neglect and changing economics during
176-628: A clever double envelopment that has been compared with the Battle of Cannae in ancient times, many of the British surrendered. When Tarleton's right flank and center line collapsed, only a minority of the 71st Highlanders were putting up a fight against part of Howard's line. Tarleton, realizing how desperate his situation was, rode back to his sole remaining intact unit, the British Legion cavalry. He ordered them to charge, but they instead fled
264-430: A female householder with no husband present, and 39.2% were not families. About 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.33, and the average family size was 3.00. In the city, the age distribution was 25.2% under 18, 12.2% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 or older. The median age
352-423: A halt. John Eager Howard shouted, "Charge bayonets!" The Continentals in the center, as ordered, mounted a bayonet charge. Tarleton's force, faced with a terrible surprise, began to collapse; some men surrendering on the spot, while others turned and ran. Howard's men charged forward and seized the two British grasshopper cannons. William Washington's cavalry came around from behind the opposite American left to hit
440-425: A main line of regulars and experienced militia. The first line was composed of 150 select riflemen from North Carolina (Major McDowell) and Georgia (Major Cunningham). The second line consisted of 300 militiamen under the command of Colonel Andrew Pickens . The effect was the conspicuous placement of weak militia in the center-front in order to encourage Tarleton to attack there. The skirmishers and militia would screen
528-531: A military engagement during the American Revolutionary War fought on January 17, 1781, near the town of Cowpens, South Carolina . American Patriot forces, estimated at 2,000 militia and regulars under Brigadier General Daniel Morgan faced 1,000 British troops under Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton . The American victory was the worst loss suffered by British units since General John Burgoyne surrendered to General Horatio Gates at
616-501: A picked force of 500 trained riflemen, known as Morgan's Riflemen . Morgan and his men played a key role in the 1777 victory at Saratoga along the Hudson River in upstate New York , which proved to be a turning point of the entire war. Bitter after being passed over for promotion and plagued by severe attacks of sciatica , Morgan left the army in 1779. A year later, he was promoted to brigadier general and returned to service in
704-493: A population of 38,732 as of the 2020 census , making it the 11th-most populous city in the state. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) groups Spartanburg and Union counties together as the Spartanburg, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area . Spartanburg is the second-largest city in the greater Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area , which had an estimated population of 1,590,636 in 2023. It
792-725: A prisoner of the Americans, as saying that "he was an officer before Tarleton was born; that the best troops in the service were put under 'that boy' to be sacrificed." An American prisoner later recounted that when Tarleton reached Cornwallis and reported the disaster, Cornwallis placed his sword tip on the ground and leaned on it until the blade snapped. Historian Lawrence E. Babits has demonstrated that Morgan's official report of 73 casualties appears to have only included his Continental troops. From surviving records, he has been able to identify by name 128 Colonial soldiers who were either killed or wounded at Cowpens. He also presents an entry in
880-498: A ravine on their right flank and a creek on their left flank, Morgan reasoned his forces were sufficiently protected against possible British flanking maneuvers at the beginning of the battle. Morgan surmised that Tarleton would be highly confident and attack him head-on, without pausing to devise a more subtle plan. He therefore arranged his forces to encourage this presupposed impetuosity of his opponent by establishing three lines of soldiers: one of sharpshooters , one of militia, and
968-618: A variety of sports for both men and women. The Southern Conference is also headquartered in Spartanburg. The city hosts the Spartanburg Criterium. The criterium is a yearly event and is usually one of the events associated with Speed Week which is part of the USA Crits bicycle racing series. The event is billed as the “fastest night in Spartanburg”. Upward Sports , a Christian-based sports organization for kids,
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#17327800107971056-612: Is K–8. Spartanburg is part of the much greater Greenville -Spartanburg- Anderson - Asheville DMA which is the nation's 37th largest in the country and is served by the following major television affiliates: Spartanburg is served by the Spartanburg Area Regional Transit Agency (SPARTA), covering the city of Spartanburg and the surrounding urbanized area with 8 routes leading to a wide variety of destinations. All SPARTA buses are equipped with bicycle racks. Two hybrid-electric buses were added to
1144-693: Is headquartered in Spartanburg. The Down East Wood Ducks baseball team of the Carolina League are planned to move to the currently under-construction Fifth Third Park in downtown Spartanburg in April 2025. The team will be renamed the Hub City Spartanburgers. Boiling Springs FC, a semiprofessional soccer team of the United Premier Soccer League , began play in 2024. The current mayor, Jerome Rice,
1232-546: Is home to many large companies, including Denny's , KYMCO , Smith Drug Company , Advance America Cash Advance , Southern Conference , Spartanburg Herald-Journal , RJ Rockers Brewing Company , American Credit Acceptance, and Upward Sports . The economy of Spartanburg benefits from the BMW manufacturing facility located in the city of Greer, South Carolina , which is in Spartanburg County. As of February 2017,
1320-405: Is mostly biotite gneiss . The city of Spartanburg has a humid subtropical climate with long, hot, and humid summers, and cool to semimild winters. The average annual temperature is 61.6 °F (16.4 °C). In the summer from June through September, average highs are in the 80s °F (20s °C) to low 90s °F (30s °C), while in the winter, average highs are in the mid-50s °F (10s °C). Annual rainfall
1408-435: Is part of a ten-county region of northwestern South Carolina known as " The Upstate ", and is located 98 miles (158 km) northwest of Columbia , 80 miles (130 km) west of Charlotte, North Carolina , and about 190 miles (310 km) northeast of Atlanta , Georgia . Spartanburg is the home of Wofford College , Converse University , Spartanburg Community College , and Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine and
1496-401: Is situated at 290 Magnolia Street. Spartanburg County's healthcare is mainly provided by Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System. Spartanburg Regional is a public, not-for-profit, integrated health care delivery system with several facilities in Spartanburg, including: Battle of Cowpens [REDACTED] Great Britain 1781 1782 1783 The Battle of Cowpens was
1584-450: Is spread fairly evenly throughout the whole year. Spartanburg receives very little snowfall, with the annual average being only 1.4 inches (3.6 cm). Average precipitation is 51.3 inches (130 cm) and the average growing season is 231 days. As of the 2020 census , 38,732 people, 15,154 households, and 8,638 families resided in the city. At the 2010 census , there were 37,013 people, 15,989 households, and 9,721 families residing in
1672-514: The Battle of Waxhaws , where his men had killed American soldiers after they had surrendered. In Tarleton's account published in the British Isles in 1781, he said that his horse had been shot from under him during the initial charge and his men, thinking him dead, engaged in "a vindictive asperity not easily restrained". Tarleton and the Legion marched to Ninety Six. After learning Morgan
1760-705: The Saratoga in 1777. Pro-independence enthusiasm surged when news of the battle spread. Tactically, Cowpens demonstrated that American patriot militia, when properly led, could inflict heavy casualties on Britain's best-trained troops. Morgan's militia disbanded after the battle, leaving 550 soldiers under his command. British General Charles Cornwallis pursued Morgan during December 1781 and January 1782 with his army of 2,500 men. Morgan evaded Cornwallis to join General Nathanael Greene ’s army near Greensboro, North Carolina in early February, setting
1848-538: The "defeated" Americans. His men moved forward in regular formation and were momentarily paused by the militia musket fire but continued to advance. Pickens's militia seemed to "flee" as usual, around the American left to the rear as planned after getting off their second volley. Taking the withdrawal of the first two lines as a full-blown retreat, the British advanced headlong into the third and final line of disciplined Maryland and Delaware regulars which awaited them on
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#17327800107971936-864: The 1776 Battle of Brooklyn ), as were many of his militia, which included some Overmountain Men , who had fought at the Battle of Musgrove Mill and the Battle of Kings Mountain. The experienced British forces (and particularly their relatively young commander) were accustomed, especially in the Southern Theater, to easily routing often "green" militia, and could have underestimated the opposition. Tarleton's force included: A total of over 1,150 officers and men. Broken down by troop classification, there were 300 cavalry, 553 regulars, 231 provincials, 24 artillerymen, and 50 militia. From these numbers, nearly half of Tarleton's force were Provincial troops recruited from
2024-688: The 1890s, upper-middle class residents looked for homes adjacent to, but not within, the urban core. Many chose to locate along Spring Street and the newly opened Hampton Avenue, which also featured a small dairy farm owned by the Irwin family and a Methodist mission. By the turn of the century, homes were lining many of the other streets in the neighborhood, which include Hydrick Street, Lee Street, Carlisle Street, Brookwood Terrace, Hampton Drive, Perroneau Street, Irwin Avenue, Pinckney Court, Timothy Street, South Hampton Drive and Cecil Court. Architectural styles in
2112-542: The 1960s and 1970s, today it is a vibrant area undergoing restoration and improvement. During the mid to late nineteenth century, most of the neighborhood was farmland owned by the Kirby family, whose home was located at the top of a hill overlooking the city of Spartanburg, the current site of Bethel Methodist Church. During Reconstruction , the Union Army was encamped in this area. As Spartanburg's economy grew during
2200-462: The Americans broke and ran. A few minutes before sunrise, Tarleton's vanguard emerged from the woods in front of the American position. Tarleton ordered his dragoons to attack the first line of skirmishers, who opened fire and shot fifteen dragoons. When the dragoons promptly retreated, he immediately ordered an infantry charge, without pausing to study the American deployment or to allow the rest of his infantry and his cavalry reserve to make it out of
2288-522: The British defeat at the Battle of Kings Mountain, Cowpens was a serious blow to Cornwallis, who might have defeated much of the remaining resistance in South Carolina had Tarleton won at Cowpens. Instead, the battle set in motion a series of events leading to the end of the war. Cornwallis abandoned his pacification efforts in South Carolina, stripped his army of its excess baggage, and pursued Greene's force into North Carolina. Skirmishes occurred at
2376-428: The British force. Morgan expected that the British advance uphill would be disorganized, weakened both physically and psychologically by the first two lines, before engaging the third. The third line would also withdraw a short distance to add to the appearance of a rout. Morgan, in arranging his battle lines at Cowpens, proposed "to turn a weakness into a strength" according to historian Alan Pell Crawford. Anticipating
2464-679: The British in the colonies. In December 1776, he and a small party surprised and captured Colonial General Charles Lee in New Jersey . He served with distinction at the siege of Charleston and the Battle of Camden. Commanding the British Legion , a mixed infantry/cavalry force composed of American Loyalists who constituted some of the best British troops in the Carolinas, Tarleton won victories at Monck's Corner and Fishing Creek . He became infamous among colonists after his victory at
2552-526: The British on their right flank and rear. Pickens's militia, having now reorganized, charged out from behind the hill, completing a 360-degree circle around the American position to hit the 71st Highlanders on the British left flank and rear. Howard ordered the Virginia militia, whose withdrawal had brought on the British ill-fated charge, to turn about and attack the Scots from the other direction. The shock of
2640-424: The British, the forces lost (especially the British regulars and the dragoons) constituted the cream of Cornwallis's army. Additionally, 110 British soldiers were killed in action, and every artilleryman was either killed or incapacitated by wounds. Tarleton suffered an 86 percent casualty rate, and his brigade had been wiped out as a fighting force. John Eager Howard quoted Major McArthur of the 71st Highlanders, now
2728-505: The Broad River. Learning of Morgan's location, Tarleton pushed his troops, marching at 3 a.m. instead of camping for the night. The size of the American force at Cowpens remains in dispute. Morgan claimed in his official report to have had about 800 men at Cowpens, which is substantially supported by historian John Buchanan, whose estimate is between 800 and 1000 men. In contrast, historian Lawrence E. Babits, in his detailed study of
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2816-494: The Catawba River (February 1, 1781) and other fords. Yet, after a long chase Cornwallis met Greene at the Battle of Guilford Court House, winning a pyrrhic victory that so weakened his army that he withdrew to Yorktown, Virginia, to rest and refit. Washington and his French ally, Rochambeau, seized this opportunity to trap and defeat him in the Battle of Yorktown , which caused the British to give up their efforts to defeat
2904-623: The Catawba and take command of them. Morgan headed west on December 21, charged with taking position between the Broad and Pacolet rivers and protecting the civilians in that area. He had 600 men, some 400 of whom were Continentals, mostly from Delaware and Maryland. The rest were Virginia militia who had experience as Continentals. By Christmas Day, Morgan had reached the Pacolet River. He was joined by 60 more South Carolina militiamen led by
2992-468: The Confederacy , the city erected a confederate monument at the intersection of South Church and Henry Streets, overlooking downtown. It was moved in 1966 to Duncan Park . During World War I , Camp Wadsworth was used to train 100,000 soldiers for the war. Camp Croft trained soldiers during World War II . The facility was transferred to the state and adapted as Croft State Park . By the 1950s,
3080-586: The Legion) would be assembled in linear formation and move directly upon Morgan. The right and left flanks of this line would be protected by dragoon units. In reserve was the 250-man battalion of Scottish Highlanders (71st Regiment of Foot), commanded by Major Arthur MacArthur, a professional soldier of long experience who had served in the Dutch Scotch Brigade. Finally, Tarleton kept the 200-man cavalry contingent of his Legion ready to be unleashed when
3168-610: The Loyalist population of the colonies (481 out of 1,158). Tarleton's regular troops from the Royal Artillery, 17th Light Dragoons, and the 7th, 16th, and 71st Regiments of Foot were reliable and seasoned soldiers. Tarleton's own Provincial unit, the British Legion, had established a fierce reputation as formidable pursuers, being used to great effect at Waxhaws and Camden , but they had an uncertain reputation when facing determined opposition. Morgan turned to his advantage
3256-622: The Montessori Academy of Spartanburg is a PreK-8 private school providing a Montessori educational approach. The Meeting Street Academy in downtown Spartanburg is a branch of a Charleston -based private school and currently offers PreK and Kindergarten. St. Paul the Apostle Catholic School is located in downtown Spartanburg. It is affiliated with the Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston and
3344-510: The North Carolina State Records that shows 68 Continental and 80 militia casualties. It would appear that both the number of Morgan's casualties and the total strength of his force were about double what he officially reported. Tarleton's apparent recklessness in pushing his command so hard in pursuit of Morgan may be explained by the fact that, up until Cowpens, every battle that he and his British Legion had fought in
3432-489: The Piedmont South . Additionally, the abundant streams and rivers in the area are just beginning their descent towards the lower-lying Midlands region. In many places, these waterways descend abruptly, providing a source for plentiful waterpower . Cotton mills were built along these rivers to harness this power, and so began the region's servitude to King Cotton . These mills, their owners and their slaves dominated
3520-463: The South had been a relatively easy victory. He appears to have been so concerned with pursuing Morgan that he quite forgot that it was necessary for his men to be in a fit condition to fight once they caught him, though Cornwallis himself did press Tarleton to take aggressive action. Coming in the wake of the American debacle at Camden, Cowpens was a surprising victory and a turning point that affected
3608-483: The Southern Department. Greene decided that his weak army could not meet the British in a stand-up fight. He made the unconventional decision to divide his army, sending a detachment west of the Catawba River to raise the morale of the locals and find supplies beyond the limited amounts available around Charlotte. Greene gave Morgan command of this wing and instructed him to join with the militia west of
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3696-414: The Virginia militia on the rebels' right withdrawing and believed the Americans were on the run. They charged, breaking formation and advancing in a chaotic mass. Morgan ordered a volley. Howard's "fleeing" militia suddenly stopped their withdrawal and made an about-face. The Virginians fired into the British at a range of no more than thirty yards, with massive effect, causing the confused British to lurch to
3784-561: The afternoon of the 16th, Morgan was approaching the Broad River, which was high with flood waters and reported difficult to cross. He knew Tarleton was close behind. By nightfall, he had reached a place called locally "Hannah's Cowpens", a well-known grazing area for local cattle. Pickens, who had been patrolling, arrived that night to join Morgan with his large body of irregular militia. Morgan decided to stand and fight rather than continue to retreat and risk being caught by Tarleton while fording
3872-537: The area is home to USC Upstate , Sherman College of Chiropractic and Spartanburg Methodist College . It is also the site of Denny's corporate headquarters. Spartanburg was formed in 1785, after a deal was made with the Cherokee in 1753, and was named after a local militia called the Spartan Regiment in the American Revolutionary War . The Spartan Regiment, commanded by Andrew Pickens , participated in
3960-694: The battle, offers an alternate estimate, contending that the strength of Morgan's command on the day of the battle was closer to 1,900, composed of: Babits's figures can be summarized as follows: 82 Continental light dragoons, 55 state dragoons, 45 militia dragoons, 300 Continental infantry, about 150 state infantry, and 1,255–1,280 militia infantry, for a total of 1,887–1,912 officers and men. Broken down by state, there were about 855 South Carolinians, 442 Virginians, 290–315 North Carolinians, 180 Marylanders, 60 Georgians, and 60 Delawareans. Morgan's forces were strengthened by these core elements of relatively seasoned troops.His Continentals were veterans (Marylanders from
4048-406: The battle, the British ran out of food and had less than four hours' sleep". Over the whole period, Tarleton's brigade did a great deal of rapid marching across difficult terrain. Babits concludes that they reached the battlefield exhausted and malnourished. Tarleton sensed victory and nothing would persuade him to delay. His Tory scouts had told him of the countryside Morgan was fighting on, and he
4136-462: The busiest airports in South Carolina. The Spartanburg Downtown Memorial Airport (SPA) is a general aviation/small craft airport owned and operated by the City, which lies southwest of town. Amtrak 's Crescent train connects Spartanburg with the cities of New York, Philadelphia , Baltimore , Washington , Greensboro , Charlotte , Atlanta , Birmingham and New Orleans . The Amtrak station
4224-525: The capture of one American army under Gen. Benjamin Lincoln in May 1780, at the siege of Charleston . The British then occupied the city, the largest in the South and the capital of South Carolina. Later that year, another Colonial army, commanded by General Horatio Gates , was defeated at the Battle of Camden . A victory of colonial militia over their Loyalist counterparts at the Battle of Kings Mountain on
4312-480: The changes of the 19th and 20th centuries. Cotton mills have abounded in the Spartanburg area since 1816, earning Spartanburg the reputation as the " Lowell of the South." Although there were few mills in the area before the Civil War , technological advances, northern capital, and out-migration from the poor farms that made white labor available, created a wave of postbellum mill development here and in much of
4400-466: The city trained Army recruits. This is now a South Carolina state park with the same name. Some portions of the park contain the original quonset huts . Spartanburg formerly hosted the NFL's Carolina Panthers training camp each year on the campus of Wofford College from 1995-2023. The Panthers moved their training camp to Charlotte in 2024. Duncan Park Stadium is one of the oldest baseball stadiums in
4488-519: The city. The population density was 2,066.3 inhabitants per square mile (797.8/km ). The 17,696 housing units had an average density of 923.9 per square mile (356.7/km ). The racial makeup was 49.55% African American, 47.15% White, 0.18% Native American, 1.33% Asian, 0.82% from other races, and 0.96% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.78% of the population. Of the 15,989 households, 28.9% had children under 18 living with them, 34.0% were married couples living together, 23.0% had
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#17327800107974576-1038: The country. It was once home to the Spartanburg Stingers in the Coastal Plain League (CPL) and the Spartanburg Crickets in the Southern Collegiate Baseball League. It was also once home to the Spartanburg Peaches , a minor league affiliate of the Cleveland Indians and the Spartanburg Phillies , a minor league team of the Philadelphia Phillies . It now is the home stadium for the baseball teams of Spartanburg High School . In 2021, it
4664-419: The epaulets." —General Daniel Morgan to his militia, exhorting them to target advancing British officers. At 2:00 a.m. on January 17, 1781, Tarleton roused his troops and continued his march to Cowpens. Lawrence Babits states that, "in the five days before Cowpens, the British were subjected to stress that could only be alleviated by rest and proper diet". He points out that "in the forty-eight hours before
4752-407: The experienced guerrilla partisan Andrew Pickens . Other militia from Georgia and the Carolinas joined Morgan's camp. Meanwhile, Lord Cornwallis was planning to return to North Carolina and conduct the invasion that he had postponed after the defeat at Kings Mountain. Morgan's force represented a threat to his left. Additionally, Cornwallis received incorrect intelligence claiming that Morgan
4840-492: The field. The Highlanders, surrounded by militia and Continentals, surrendered. Desperate to save something, Tarleton found about forty cavalrymen and with them tried to retrieve his two cannons, but they had been captured, and he too retreated from the field. Although their charge was initially effective, the dragoons, numbering about 50, were quickly surprised and outnumbered by concealed American cavalry , under Colonel William Washington, and driven back in disarray. Washington
4928-450: The fleet in 2012. The SPARTA Passenger Center is located at 100 North Liberty Street and also serves Greyhound buses. Mass Transit is provided to all citizens of Spartanburg County through Spartanburg County Dial-A-Ride. It is a door to door service that operates six days a week. The Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport (GSP) lies mostly in suburban Greer , and it serves Greenville as well as Spartanburg. It has become one of
5016-492: The hill, was manned by Morgan's most seasoned troops: around 550 Continental regulars comprising Brooklyn veterans: the famed Maryland Line and Delaware Line , supported by experienced militiamen from Georgia and Virginia. Colonel John Eager Howard of Baltimore commanded the Continental regulars, while Colonels Tate and Triplett commanded the experienced militia. The third line could be expected to stand and hold against
5104-441: The hill. The 71st Highlanders were ordered to flank the American right. John Eager Howard spotted the flanking movement and ordered the Virginia militiamen manning the American right to turn and face the Scots. However, in the noise of battle, Howard's order was misunderstood and the militiamen began to withdraw. It was now 7:45 am, and the British had been fighting for nearly an hour. They were tired and disorganized, but they saw
5192-647: The late 1980s or early 1990s) is located at 366 North Church Street. It is across the street from the Spartanburg Memorial Auditorium . Spartanburg is a college town, with four institutions of higher learning in the city limits: In the area: Most of the City of Spartanburg's public schools are run by Spartanburg County School District 7 , one of seven loosely affiliated districts located in Spartanburg County . District 7 students are zoned to Spartanburg High School . However,
5280-464: The militia, which comprised half of the American force, broke and ran as soon as the fighting started, leaving the American flank exposed. To eliminate that possibility, he defied convention by placing his army between the Broad and Pacolet rivers, thus making escape impossible if the army was routed. Selecting a low hill as the center of his position, he placed his Continental infantry on it, deliberately leaving his flanks exposed to his opponent. With
5368-541: The more rural areas of the county. First established in the 1780s as a courthouse village, Spartanburg may have been named for the Spartan regiment of the South Carolina militia. The city was incorporated in 1831, at the time of the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Cowpens , a pivotal fight of the American Revolution that took place only a few miles away. The city's streets and architectural record reflect
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#17327800107975456-553: The nearby Battle of Cowpens . In 1831, Spartanburg was incorporated, later becoming known as the "Hub City"; railroad lines radiated from the city forming the shape of a wheel hub. It became a center of textile manufacturing in the late 19th century, with around 40 textile mills being established through the early 1900s. In 1911, under the sponsorship of the Spartanburg Herald and the United Daughters of
5544-477: The neighborhood and promote its preservation. The neighborhood also has an active neighborhood association, which coordinates home tours, picnics, clean-up days, and other activities throughout the year. Two public parks are located in the neighborhood, Willow Oaks Park and Irwin Park. Spartanburg Spartanburg is a city in and the seat of Spartanburg County, South Carolina , United States. The city had
5632-540: The neighborhood include Queen Anne , Dutch Colonial , Arts and Crafts , and Colonial Revival . In 1983, the neighborhood was listed on the National Register of Historic Places after a campaign by several neighborhood activists. In 1998, the neighborhood was listed as a local historic district. That same year, the Preservation Trust of Spartanburg was established to increase home ownership in
5720-488: The northwest frontier in October had bought time, but the British still occupied most of South Carolina. When Greene took command, the southern army numbered 2307 men on paper (1482 present), of whom only 949 were Continental regulars, mostly of the famous and highly trained " Maryland Line " regiment. On December 3, Brigadier General Daniel Morgan reported for duty to Greene's headquarters at Charlotte, North Carolina . At
5808-413: The past decade, developers and community leaders have spearheaded an effort to revitalize Spartanburg's downtown commercial district. This has resulted in a remodeling of Morgan Square, the restoration of a number of historic structures and the relocation of several businesses and company headquarters to the downtown vicinity. These new developments include a nine-floor, 240-room Marriott hotel. Spartanburg
5896-599: The plant employed around 8,800 people with an average daily output of about 1,400 vehicles. Spartanburg is also home to the world headquarters and research facility for Milliken & Company , a textile and chemical manufacturer. According to Spartanburg's 2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the principal employers in the city are: Cultural events and institutions in the city include: Early European settlers to this area included French fur trappers, English woodsmen, and Scots-Irish farmers. Few remnants survive from these early pioneering days, but traces can be found in
5984-645: The politics and economy of the region for nearly a century. Although nearly all abandoned, many mills remain along the riverbanks, the Piedmont equivalent of Gothic ruins. When the United States entered World War I in 1917, one of the sixteen divisional cantonments for the training of National Guard troops was Camp Wadsworth, which is located in the vicinity of Westgate Mall . Large numbers of New York National Guardsmen trained there in addition to many southern troops. During World War II , Camp Croft south of
6072-542: The process wounded Tarleton on his right hand with a sabre blow, while Tarleton creased Washington's knee with a pistol shot that also wounded his horse. It was now 8:00 a.m., and the battle had lasted approximately one hour. Washington pursued Tarleton for sixteen miles but gave up the chase when he came to the plantation of local planter Adam Goudylock near Thicketty Creek. Tarleton was able to escape capture by forcing Goudylock to serve as guide. Morgan's army took 712 prisoners, which included 200 wounded. Even worse for
6160-495: The production in these mills began to decline as wages increased. Most textile manufacturing jobs were moved offshore by the companies. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 20.37 square miles (52.8 km ), of which 20.25 square miles (52.4 km ) is land and 0.11 square miles (0.28 km ) (0.54%) is water. The most common soil series is Cecil . The bedrock
6248-566: The psychology of the entire war— "spiriting up the people" , not only those of the backcountry Carolinas, but those in all the Southern states. As it was, the Americans were encouraged to fight further, and the Loyalists and British were demoralized. Furthermore, its strategic result—the destruction of an important part of the British army in the South—was crucial toward ending the war. Along with
6336-476: The stage for the Battle of Guilford Courthouse . On October 14, 1780, Continental Army commander General George Washington chose Nathanael Greene , a Rhode Island Quaker officer, to be commander of the Southern Department of the Continental forces. Greene's task was not an easy one. In 1780 the Carolinas had been the scene of a long string of disasters for the Continental Army, the worst being
6424-603: The start of the Revolution, Morgan, whose military experience dated to the French and Indian War (1754–1763), had served at the siege of Boston in 1775. Later he participated in the 1775 invasion of Canada and its climactic battle, the Battle of Quebec . That battle, on December 31, 1775, ended in defeat and Morgan's capture by the British. Morgan was exchanged in January 1777 and placed by George Washington in command of
6512-838: The state. The city is also home to Spartanburg Preparatory School, a K–8 public charter school that is the only "brick and mortar" charter school in the Upstate. Spartanburg is also home to Spartanburg Christian Academy, a K–12 private school in North Spartanburg, the Spartanburg Day School , a K–12 private school offering the International Baccalaureate in grades K–4, and to Oakbrook Preparatory and Westgate Christian schools, both K–12 private schools. Located in Hampton Heights ,
6600-521: The sudden charge, coupled with the reappearance of the American militiamen on the left flank where Tarleton's exhausted men expected to see their own cavalry, proved too much for the British. Nearly half of the British and Loyalist infantrymen fell to the ground whether they were wounded or not. Their will to fight was gone. Historian Lawrence Babits diagnoses "combat shock" as the cause for this abrupt British collapse—the effects of exhaustion, hunger, and demoralization suddenly catching up with them. Caught in
6688-472: The tendency for militia units to break ranks in the face of British bayonet charges, Morgan made a virtue out of a vice: "His plan is studied to this day." In developing his tactics at Cowpens, as historian John Buchanan wrote, Morgan may have been "the only general in the American Revolution, on either side, to produce a significant original tactical thought". "Look for the epaulets! Pick off
6776-426: The terrain of Cowpens, the varying reliability of his troops, his expectations of his opponent, and the time available before Tarleton's arrival. He knew that untrained militiamen, which comprised a large portion of his force, were generally unreliable in a pitched battle. In the past, they had routed at the first hint of defeat and abandoned the regulars. For instance, the Battle of Camden had ended in disaster when
6864-464: The veteran Continental regulars, while inflicting casualties as the British advanced. Morgan asked the militia to fire two volleys, something they could do, and then withdraw to the left and re-form in the rear behind the third line, under the cover of reserve light dragoons commanded by Colonel William Washington and James McCall. The withdrawal of the militia was, in effect, a feigned retreat which would further embolden Tarleton. The third line, on
6952-667: The westernmost part of the city is served by Spartanburg County School District 6 , which has two elementary schools within city limits. District 6 students are zoned to Paul M. Dorman High School in Roebuck . The Spartanburg area is home to the main campus of the South Carolina School for the Deaf and the Blind , which is outside of the city limits in an unincorporated area . It has five Regional Outreach Centers throughout
7040-595: The woods. Tarleton attacked the skirmish line without pausing, deploying his main body and his two grasshopper cannons. The American skirmishers kept firing as they withdrew to join the second line manned by Pickens's irregular militia. The British attacked again, this time reaching the militiamen, who (as ordered) poured two volleys into the enemy, especially targeting commanders. The British—with 40% of their casualties being officers—were astonished and confused. They reorganized and continued to advance. Tarleton ordered one of his officers, Ogilvie, to charge with some dragoons into
7128-430: Was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 28,735, and for a family was $ 36,108. Males had a median income of $ 30,587 versus $ 23,256 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 18,136. About 29.4% of families and 23.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 34.6% of those under age 18 and 15.4% of those age 65 or over. Within
7216-500: Was certain of success because Morgan's soldiers, mostly militiamen, seemed to be caught between mostly experienced British troops and a flooding river. As soon as he reached the spot, Tarleton formed a battle line, which consisted of dragoons on his flanks, with his two grasshopper cannons in between the British Regulars and American Loyalists. Tarleton's plan was simple and direct. Most of his infantry (including that of
7304-553: Was demolished and the city offices are currently located at 187 W Broad Street while a joint joint government complex for the city and county offices is under construction. City council meets on the second and fourth Monday of the month at the Spartanburg County Administration Building. The Spartanburg County Administration Building (the old Sears building which was vacated in the mid-1970s when Sears moved to Westgate Mall and renovated in
7392-424: Was elected in 2021. Spartanburg operates under a city manager form of government in which the mayor and six city council members have equal votes. Council members represent districts within the city and the mayor is elected at large. The council appoints a city manager, who is responsible for the daily administration of city governmental affairs. City Hall was located at 145 West Broad Street, however that building
7480-409: Was going to attack the important British fort of American Loyalists at Ninety Six, in western South Carolina. Seeking to save the fort and defeat Morgan's command, Cornwallis on January 1, 1781, with a follow-up message on January 2 ordered cavalry (dragoons) commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton to the west. Tarleton was 26 years old and had enjoyed a spectacular career in his service with
7568-436: Was in close pursuit of the retreating Tarleton and found himself somewhat isolated. He was attacked by the British commander and two of his men. Tarleton was stopped by Washington himself, who attacked him with his sword, calling out, "Where is now the boasting, Tarleton?" A cornet of the 17th, Thomas Patterson, rode up to strike Washington, but was shot by Washington's orderly trumpeter. Washington survived this assault and in
7656-536: Was not there, Tarleton asked for reinforcements of British regulars, which Cornwallis sent. Tarleton set out with his enlarged command to drive Morgan across the Broad River . On January 12 he received accurate news of Morgan's location and continued with hard marching, building boats to cross rivers that were flooding with winter rains. Receiving word that Tarleton was in hot pursuit, Morgan retreated north to avoid being trapped between Tarleton and Cornwallis. By
7744-527: Was the home field for the Spartanburgers in the CPL. The Shrine Bowl of the Carolinas is held each year at Wofford's Gibbs Stadium. It is a high school football all-star game played between the top players from South Carolina and the top players from North Carolina . The USC Upstate Spartans , Spartanburg Methodist College Pioneers, Wofford College Terriers , and Converse University Valkyries offer
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