37°2′0″N 76°20′15″W / 37.03333°N 76.33750°W / 37.03333; -76.33750 The Hampton River is a 3.2-mile-long (5.1 km) tidal estuary which empties into Hampton Roads near its mouth . Hampton Roads in turn empties into the southern end of Chesapeake Bay , in southeast Virginia , United States . The Hampton River is located entirely within the city of Hampton .
121-589: Much like several other minor rivers of the area, the Hampton River has also been referred to as Hampton Creek. The Hampton River was named for Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton , an important leader of the Virginia Company of London . During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, the Hampton River was well-traveled by sloops , bringing goods to and from the Colony of Virginia . In 1719,
242-530: A Gramophone Editor's Choice selection for 2015's collection The Call . In 2016 the choir signed to Signum Records on its St John's College imprint. The first recording of this venture was a collection of music by the contemporary composer Jonathan Harvey released in May 2016 to a number two position in the UK specialist classical charts. The imprint will also release non-choral recordings by current and former members of
363-569: A border compony silver and azure . In addition, both foundations use the Beaufort crest, an eagle displayed arising out of a coronet of roses and fleurs-de-lis all gold , but their title to this is more doubtful. When displayed in their full achievement, the arms are flanked by mythical yales . The college motto is the Old French souvent me souvient of Lady Margaret Beaufort. It is inscribed over gates, lintels and within tympana throughout
484-507: A born fighter, and engaged in more than one serious quarrel at court, being imprisoned for a short time in 1603 following a heated argument with Lord Grey of Wilton in front of Queen Anne. Grey, an implacable opponent of the Essex faction, was later implicated in the Main Plot and Bye Plot . Southampton was in more serious disgrace in 1621 for his determined opposition to Buckingham . He was
605-587: A collection of structures owned by the college. An extensive renovation project finished in Michaelmas Term 2012 had a budget of approximately £9.75 million. The centrepiece of the Yard is Corfield Court, named after the project's chief benefactor, Charles Corfield . The site can be entered through one of two card-activated gates or through the School of Divinity. The School of Divinity is the largest building on
726-554: A cordial relationship with one other; compatriotism led to the splitting of the atomic nucleus in 1932 by Ernest Walton (Trinity) and John Cockcroft (St John's), for which they jointly received the 1951 Nobel Prize in Physics . New Court's central cupola has four blank clock faces. These are subject to various apocryphal explanations. One legend maintains that a statute limiting the number of chiming clocks in Cambridge rendered
847-684: A dedicatory sonnet to Southampton. In 1595 Gervase Markham included a dedicatory sonnet to Southampton in The Most Honorable Tragedy of Richard Grinvile, Knight . On 2 March 1596 John Florio's Italian/English dictionary was entered in the Stationers' Register. In his dedication, Florio, who was for some years in the Earl's "pay and patronage", complimented Southampton on his fluency in Italian, saying he "had become so complete
968-432: A downpayment of £3000 to finance the chapel's construction, in addition to which he promised to pay £1000 a year if a tower were added to Scott's original plans, which had included only a small flèche . Work began, but Hoare's death from a railway accident left the college £3000 short of his expected benefaction. The tower was completed, replete with louvres but left without bells; it is based on Pershore Abbey . The tower
1089-519: A fine set of Dutch-gabled buildings backing onto the River Cam and a 'window-with-nothing-behind-it' that was designed to solve the problem of connecting the windowed library with the remainder of the court. This was the first stone bridge erected at St John's College, continuing from Kitchen Lane. The crossing lies south of the Bridge of Sighs and was a replacement for a wooden bridge that had stood on
1210-420: A highly decorative Neo-Gothic covered footwalk over with traceried openings. There is a three-bay arcade at the east end of the bridge. The architect was Henry Hutchinson . The 19th-century neo-Gothic New Court, probably one of the best-known buildings in Cambridge, was the first major building to be built by the college on the west side of the river. Designed by Thomas Rickman and Henry Hutchinson , New Court
1331-450: A master of Italian as to have no need of travel abroad to perfect his mastery of that tongue". In 1597 Henry Lok included a sonnet to Southampton among the sixty dedicatory sonnets in his Sundry Christian Passions . In the same year William Burton dedicated to him a translation of Achilles Tatius 's, Clitophon and Leucippe . On 4 October 1594 Southampton's friend, Sir Henry Danvers , shot Henry Long, brother of Sir Walter Long, in
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#17327729333591452-820: A membership to the JCR, but also belong to the Samuel Butler Room (SBR), which is the Middle Combination Room (MCR) of St John's College. The fleet of punts is kept in a purpose-built punt pool behind the Cripps Building. Punt boats are available for use by all members of the college as well as alumni. St John's tends to be ranked near the middle of the Tompkins Table of undergraduate degree results, with an average position of 12.8 since 1997. The Samuel Butler Room Society (SBR)
1573-567: A mention in George Peele's Anglorum Feriae as "gentle and debonaire". However, according to Akrigg, "Gentle and debonair he may have been, but we never again hear of Southampton being high in the graces of Queen Elizabeth". On 13 April 1596 the Queen specifically instructed Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex , not to take either Southampton or the Earl of Derby , with him on an expedition for
1694-567: A permanent colony which would enlarge British territory, relieve the nation's overpopulation, and expand the market for English goods. Although profits largely eluded the Virginia Company, and it was dissolved in 1624, the other goals were accomplished. His name is thought by many to be the origin of the naming of the harbour of Hampton Roads , and the Hampton River . Although named at later dates, similar attribution may involve
1815-417: A purchase", but Honan terms this a myth. Southampton received dedications from other writers in the 1590s. On 27 June 1593 Thomas Nashe completed his picaresque novel , The Unfortunate Traveller , and dedicated it to Southampton, terming him "a dere lover and cherisher ... as well of the lovers of Poets, as of Poets themselves", and in 1593 Barnabe Barnes published Parthenophil and Parthenope with
1936-493: A race to build the final (or tallest) clocktower in Cambridge. Supposedly, whichever was finished first (or was tallest) would be permitted to house the 'final' chiming clock in Cambridge. Trinity's Tower was finished first (or, in another version of the same story, was made taller overnight by the addition of a wooden cupola), and its clock was allowed to remain. In truth, the completion of the New Court and Trinity's Clock (which
2057-611: A statue of the benefactress Mary Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury , added in 1671. Behind the Oriel window of the north range lies the Long Gallery, a promenading room that was, before its segmentation, 148 feet long. In this room, the treaty between England and France was signed that established the marriage of King Charles I of England to Queen Henrietta Maria . In the 1940s, parts of the D-day landings were planned there. Second Court
2178-486: A symbolic, poisoned chalice in his hands. The fan vaulting above is contemporary with the tower and may have been designed by William Swayne, a master mason of King's College Chapel. First Court is entered via the Great Gate and is highly architecturally varied. First Court was converted from the hospital on the foundation of the college, and constructed between 1511 and 1520. Though it has since been gradually changed,
2299-546: A university-run course in estate management in 2014. St John's is well known for its choir , its members' success in a variety of inter-collegiate sporting competitions and its annual May Ball . The Cambridge Apostles and the Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club were founded by members of the college. The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race tradition began with a St John's student and the college boat club, Lady Margaret Boat Club ,
2420-477: A victorious Lt. Robert Maynard of the British Navy returned to Hampton with the head of the pirate Blackbeard hanging from his ship. Having killed Blackbeard in battle during November 1718, he brought back the head as proof. The head was then placed at the mouth of the river, also known as Teach's Point, on a stake, as a warning to other pirates. The Hampton Institute, now University , was established on
2541-888: A volunteer on the Protestant side in Germany in 1614, and in 1617 he proposed to fit out an expedition against the Barbary pirates . Southampton was a leader among the Jacobean aristocrats who turned to modern investment practices – "in industry, in modernizing their estates and in overseas trade and colonization". He financed the first tinplate mill in the country, and founded an ironworks at Titchfield . He developed his properties in London, in Bloomsbury and Holborn ; he revamped his country estates, participated in
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#17327729333592662-516: A well-known elegy in his praise, and Gervase Markham wrote of him in a tract entitled Honor in his Perfection, or a Treatise in Commendation of ... Henry, Earl of Oxenford, Henry, Earle of Southampton, Robert, Earl of Essex (1624). In 2002, a portrait in the Cobbe collection was identified as a portrait of the youthful Earl. Portraying him as an androgynous-looking young man, it is now known as
2783-470: Is 163 feet (50 m) high. The chapel's antechamber contains statues of Lady Margaret Beaufort and John Fisher . Inside the building is a stone-vaulted ante-chapel , at the end of which hangs a 'Deposition of the Cross' by Anton Rafael Mengs , completed around 1777. The misericords and panelling date from 1516, and were salvaged from the old chapel. The chapel contains some 15th-century glass, but most
2904-415: Is also home to the college's 'triple set', K6. The Old Library was built in 1624, largely with funds donated by John Williams, Bishop of Lincoln . Hearing of the college's urgent need for greater library space, Williams donated £1,200 anonymously, later revealing his identity and donating a total of £2,011 towards the library's total cost of £3,000. The library's bay window overlooks the River Cam and bears
3025-472: Is customarily said before and after dinner in the hall. The reading of grace before dinner ( ante prandium ) is usually the duty of a scholar of the college; grace after dinner ( post prandium ) is said by the president or the senior fellow dining. The graces used in St John's have been in continuous use for some centuries and it is known that the ante prandium is based upon mediaeval monastic models. The grace
3146-492: Is from the court, and lies in Essex House. Some say she hath taken a venue under the girdle and swells upon it, yet she complains not of foul play but says the Earl of Southampton will justify it; and it is bruited underhand that he was lately here four days in great secret of purpose to marry her and effected it accordingly" . Queen Elizabeth, angered by this marriage of one of her retinue without her permission, had both of
3267-501: Is generally spacious, and many undergraduate rooms comprise "sets" of living and sleeping rooms, where two students share a suite of two bedrooms, a kitchen and a bathroom. Members of the college can choose to dine either in the Hall, where silver service three-course meals are served six evenings per week or in the buttery, where food can be purchased from a cafeteria-style buffet. The college maintains an extensive library, which supplements
3388-505: Is implicitly "lascivious" (sonnet 95), "sensual" to a "fault" or to his "shame" (sonnets 34, 35), and ridden with vices. Despite extensive archival research, no documents have been found concerning their relationship apart from the dedications to Shakespeare's two long narrative poems. Nicholas Rowe , on the authority of poet and playwright William Davenant (1606 – 7 April 1668), stated in his Life of Shakespeare that Southampton once gave Shakespeare £1,000 to "go through with
3509-664: Is in King Edward's Tower) was separated by nearly two centuries. Trinity's famous double-striking clock was installed in the 17th century by its then-Master, Richard Bentley , a former student of St John's, who dictated that the clock chime once for Trinity, and once for his alma mater, St John's. Supposedly, Fellows of St John's are the only people outside the royal family in the United Kingdom allowed to eat unmarked mute swans . The Crown (the British monarch ) retains
3630-399: Is inhabited by some ghosts. In 1706, four fellows "exorcised" some ghosts from a house opposite the college by threatening to fire their pistols at the positions the moans and groans were coming from. The second court is supposedly haunted by the ghost of the former undergraduate and master, James Wood . Wood was so poor that he could not afford to light his room, and would often do his work in
3751-560: Is now the principal porters' lodge and entrance to the college. All three courts were designed by the architect Edward Maufe . Further increases in student numbers following the Second World War prompted the college to increase the number of accommodation buildings. The Cripps Building was built in the late 1960s to satisfy this demand. It is located just behind New Court and forms two courts (Upper & Lower River Court). Designed by architects Philip Powell and Hidalgo Moya ,
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3872-459: Is one of the largest Oxbridge colleges in terms of student numbers. For 2022, St John's was ranked 6th of 29 colleges in the Tompkins Table (the annual league table of Cambridge colleges) with over 35 per cent of its students earning first-class honours . It is the second wealthiest college in Oxford and Cambridge, after its neighbour Trinity College, Cambridge . Members of the college include
3993-452: Is said shortly after the fellows enter the hall, signalled by the sounding of a gong, and accompanied by the ringing of the college's Grace Bell. The ante prandium is read after the fellows have entered, and the post prandium after they have finished dining: St John's remains a great rival of Trinity College , which is its main competitor in sports and academia. The rivalry can be traced to Henry VIII founding Trinity after having ordered
4114-710: Is the Middle Combination Room (MCR) of St John's College. The Society traces its foundation to 1960 when graduate student members submitted an application to the College Council for official separation from the Junior Combination Room (JCR). The name of the Society refers to the physical rooms which are used by members of the Society. The rooms were named after the noted Johnian author and polymath Samuel Butler . The membership of
4235-417: Is the college's eleventh and westernmost court. Located to the west of the chapel tower lies Chapel Court, which was constructed together with North Court and Forecourt in the 1930s to account for an increase in student numbers. North Court is located just north of Chapel Court and Forecourt is situated to the east, facing St John's Street . The latter is used partly as a car park for fellows and leads to what
4356-530: Is the oldest in the university. In 2011, the college celebrated its quincentenary, an event marked by a visit of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh . The site was originally occupied by the Hospital of St John the Evangelist, probably founded around 1200. The hospital infirmary was located where the east end of the current chapel now stands. By 1470 Thomas Rotherham , Chancellor of
4477-648: The College of St John the Evangelist in the University of Cambridge , is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge , founded by the Tudor matriarch Lady Margaret Beaufort . In constitutional terms, the college is a charitable corporation established by a charter dated 9 April 1511. The aims of the college, as specified by its statutes, are the promotion of education, religion, learning and research. It
4598-590: The Essex's Rebellion in February 1601, William Reynolds, a soldier who had served with Essex in Ireland in 1599, mentioned Southampton in a letter to Sir Robert Cecil . Speaking of certain men involved in the Essex rebellion who had not yet been arrested, Reynolds wrote: I do mervell also what becam of pearse edmones, the earle of Essex man, borne in strand neare me, and which has had many rewards & preferments by
4719-659: The London Symphony Orchestra Sir Simon Rattle , mezzo-soprano Dame Sarah Connolly , and composer John Rutter . St John's College and Christ's College, Cambridge both bear the arms of Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, mother of Henry VII . These arms are recorded in the College of Arms as being borne by right, and are described as Quarterly: 1 and 4 azure three fleurs-de-lis gold (France, Modern); 2 and 3 gules three lions passant gardant or (England); all within
4840-676: The Nine Years' War (1595–1603), Southampton went to Ireland with Essex , who made him General of the Horse, but the Queen insisted that the appointment be cancelled. Southampton remained on in personal attendance upon the Earl, rather than as an officer. However, Southampton was active during the campaign and prevented a defeat at the hands of the Irish rebels when his cavalry drove off an attack at Arklow in County Wicklow . Shortly after
4961-558: The Relief of Calais , and it also appears that Southampton did not accompany Essex on the Cadiz Expedition that summer. In February 1597 Southampton challenged the Earl of Northumberland to a duel with rapiers, requiring intervention by the Queen and Privy Council, and on 1 March stood godfather at the christening of Sir Robert Sidney's daughter, Bridget. Later that year Southampton was with Essex on his "inglorious" Voyage to
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5082-544: The Sonnets were addressed to "Mr. W.H.". Drake, however, adopting Chalmers' suggestion that one meaning of "beget" is "bring forth", argued that Mr. W.H. was the procurer of the manuscript rather than the "Fair Youth" addressed in the poems. Confirmation of this as also that "Mr. W.H." was the William Hervey who married Southampton's mother and inherited 'her goods' is provided by Edward Chaney . Other adherents of
5203-455: The 13th century. When in 1861 the college's administration decided that a new building was needed, Sir George Gilbert Scott was selected as the architect. He had recently finished work on the chapel at Exeter College, Oxford , and went about constructing the chapel of St John's College along similar lines, drawing inspiration from Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. The benefactor Henry Hoare offered
5324-475: The 1670s. The services follow the cathedral tradition of the Church of England, with Evensong being sung during Term six days a week and Sung Eucharist on Sunday mornings. Since 2023 the choir has been directed by Christopher Gray , who was formerly the choirmaster and organist at Truro Cathedral . The boys and girls of the choir are educated and board at St John's College School . During university vacations,
5445-573: The Azores , where according to Rowland Whyte, "My Lord of Southampton fought with one of the Kings great Men of Warre, and suncke her". On his return, he made his first appearance in the House of Lords on 5 November, and was put on several committees, but became a "chronic absentee". By this time he was in serious financial difficulties, and had turned over administration of his estates to two trustees, who by
5566-420: The Cobbe portrait of Southampton . In April 2008, another portrait believed to be of Southampton, was discovered hidden in a kind of pentimento beneath a portrait of his wife Elizabeth Vernon, when the work was X-rayed in preparation for an exhibition. The Earl has been played on screen by several different actors: Attribution: St John%27s College, Cambridge St John's College , formally
5687-617: The Fleet, where he remained for a month, during which time Elizabeth Vernon gave birth to a daughter, Penelope. To add to his difficulties, Southampton was at this time involved in a dispute with his mother, the Dowager Countess , over her prospective marriage to Sir William Hervey . Lord Henry Howard was brought in to smooth matters between mother and son, and the Countess and Hervey were wed in early January 1599. In 1599, during
5808-615: The Hampton River in 1868. The university's seal depicts the Hampton River, with a sunrise over the water interpreted as the rise of educational opportunities, and a boat symbolizing the primary mode of transportation to Hampton in its early years. Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton Henry Wriothesley, Lord of Southampton , KG (pronunciation uncertain: / ˈ r ɛ z l i / "Rezley", / ˈ r aɪ z l i / "Rizely" (archaic), / ˈ r ɒ t s l i / (present-day) and / ˈ r aɪ ə θ s l i / have been suggested; 6 October 1573 – 10 November 1624)
5929-740: The Household . After being widowed again, she married, between 5 November 1598 and 31 January 1599, Sir William Hervey . She died in November ;1607. When his father died on 4 October 1581, Southampton inherited the earldom and landed income valued at £1,097 6s per annum. His wardship and marriage were sold by the Queen to her kinsman, Charles, Lord Howard of Effingham , for £1,000. According to Akrigg, Howard "entered into some further agreement, of which no documentation can now be found, which transferred to Lord Burghley personally
6050-547: The Jacobean as well as the Elizabethan era, Southampton promoted the work of George Chapman , Samuel Daniel , Thomas Heywood , and the composer Alfonso Ferrabosco the younger . Heywood's popular, expansionist dramas were compatible with Southampton's maritime and colonial interests. Henry Wriothesley, whose name is included in the 1605 panel of the New World Tapestry , took a considerable share in promoting
6171-550: The Montagus of Cowdray, whose closely related tomb featuring similarly positioned obelisks was dismantled and relocated from Midhurst to Easebourne in the 19th century (Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu, was the 3rd Earl's maternal grandfather). The four obelisks probably reference the four internationally celebrated Egyptian ones reerected by Pope Sixtus V in Rome in the 1580s. He was succeeded by his second but only surviving son,
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#17327729333596292-733: The Order, together with the Lord Keeper , Lord Burgh , and Lord Willoughby de Eresby . Shortly thereafter, in his Honour of the Garter dated 26 June 1593, George Peele referred to him as "Gentle Wriothesley, Southampton's star", claiming erroneously that an Earl of Southampton had been among the founding Knights. However, it was not until 1603 that Southampton was invested in the Order under King James . In 1593 Shakespeare dedicated his narrative poem Venus and Adonis to Southampton, followed in 1594 by The Rape of Lucrece . Although
6413-408: The Queen, Privy Council, and members of the clergy wherein he had "complaynid of al the abewses and vilent oppresseones & sodometicall sines over flowing this land". On his return from Ireland, Southampton attracted notice as a playgoer. "My Lord Southampton and Lord Rutland," wrote Rowland Whyte to Sir Robert Sydney in 1599, "come not to the court: the one doth but very seldom. They pass away
6534-573: The School of Pythagoras. Built around 1200, it predates the college by 300 years and is both the oldest secular building in Cambridge and the oldest building continuously in use by a university in Britain. The building now serves as the location for the College Archives. Next to the School of Pythagoras lies Merton Hall. From 1266 until 1959 both the School of Pythagoras and Merton Hall were the property of Merton College, Oxford . Merton Court
6655-462: The absence of the letter "J" in the Latin alphabet). There are also two small muzzle-loading cannons on Trinity's bowling green pointing in the direction of John's, though this orientation may be coincidental. Similarly, the eagle on top of the entrance to St John's New Court is said to have been sculptured so that it shuns even the sight of its neighbouring rival. Generally, however, the colleges maintain
6776-412: The addition of a mechanism illegal. No such limitation is known to exist. More likely explanations include Hutchinson's fear that the installation of a clockface would spoil the building's symmetry and that the college's financial situation in the early 19th century made completion impossible. Other legends explaining the absence of clockfaces claim that St John's and its neighbour, Trinity were engaged in
6897-520: The armorial devices of its benefactors. The hall is lined to cill level with linenfold panelling which dates from 1528 to 1529 and has a five-bay screen, surmounted by the Royal Arms. Above is a hexagonal louvre, dating to 1703. The room was extended from five to eight bays according to designs by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1863. It has two bay windows, containing heraldic glass dating from the 15th to 19th centuries. In 1564, Queen Elizabeth rode into
7018-458: The arms of the foundress Lady Margaret Beaufort. Above these are displayed her ensigns, the Red Rose of Lancaster and Portcullis. The college arms are flanked by heraldic beasts known as yales , mythical creatures with elephants' tails, antelopes' bodies, goats' heads, and swivelling horns. Above them is a tabernacle containing a socle figure of St John the Evangelist, an Eagle at his feet and
7139-404: The author's work – mainly for political and, above all, financial reasons. Nathan Drake , in Shakespeare and his Times , was the first to suggest that Southampton was not only the dedicatee of Shakespeare's two long narrative poems, but also the "Fair Youth" of the Sonnets . The title page refers to the "onlie begetter of these insuing sonnets Mr W.H.," and it had earlier been inferred that
7260-481: The beginning of February that "My Lord of Southampton is much troubled at her Majesties straungest Usage of hym". Faced with his financial difficulties and the Queen's disfavour, Southampton determined to live abroad for a time, and seized the opportunity of accompanying Sir Robert Cecil on an embassy to Henri IV of France . On 6 February Southampton was granted licence to travel abroad for two years, and by March he and Cecil were in Angers , where on 7 March Southampton
7381-421: The building is Grade II* listed having received an award from the British Architectural Institution. It is considered an exemplar of late 20th-century architectural style and is named after its main benefactor, Humphrey Cripps . In 2014, the building went through an extensive refurbishment programme, which saw renovated accommodation and structural repairs, including the cleaning of the Portland stone from which
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#17327729333597502-408: The building was made. In 1987 the construction of the Fisher Building was completed. Named after Cardinal John Fisher , the building contains teaching rooms, conference facilities, and a student-run college cinema. It was designed by the architect Peter Boston . Located opposite the college's Great Gate is All Saints' Yard. The complex is formed from the buildings of the so-called "Triangle Site",
7623-559: The chapel and incorporated it into the new college. A kitchen and hall were added, and an imposing gate tower was constructed for the College Treasury. The doors were to be closed each day at dusk, sealing the monastic community from the outside world. Over the following five hundred years, the college expanded westwards towards the River Cam and now has twelve courts , the most of any Oxford or Cambridge College. The first three courts are arranged in enfilade . The college has retained its relationship with Shrewsbury School since 1578 when
7744-443: The choir carries out engagements elsewhere. Recent tours have taken it to places including the Netherlands, the US and Japan. The choir has an extensive discography of nearly 100 commercial releases dating back to the 1950s when it was signed to the Decca/ Argo label under George Guest . The Choir has since had successful recording contracts with Hyperion Records and Chandos Records , resulting in many critical accolades including
7865-436: The college to take part in the college's choral tradition. It comprised around 30 members and premiered 3 works. In March 2024, St John's Voices received written notice from the College of their disbandment by June 2024. This decision by the College was met with widespread controversy, as soprano undergraduates at the College would be unable to sing in a College Choir. This sparked a campaign by members of St John's Voices against
7986-404: The college's Hall on horseback, during a state visit to Cambridge. Second Court, built from 1598 to 1602, has been described as 'the finest Tudor court in England'. Built atop the demolished foundations of an earlier, far smaller court, Second Court was begun in 1598 to the plans of Ralph Symons of Westminster, and Gilbert Wigge of Cambridge. Their original architectural drawings are housed in
8107-432: The college's library and are the oldest surviving plans for an Oxford or Cambridge college building. It was financed by the Countess of Shrewsbury , whose arms and statue stand above the court's western gatehouse. The court's Oriel windows are perhaps its most striking feature, though the dominating Shrewsbury Tower to the west is the most imposing. This gatehouse, built as a mirror image of the college's Great Gate, contains
8228-428: The college, functioning as a triple pun. It means "often I remember", "think of me often" and, when spoken (exploiting the homonym souvent me sous vient ), "I often pass beneath it" (referring to the inscriptions). St John's shares its motto with Christ's College, Cambridge and Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford , which also honour Lady Margaret Beaufort. The College Prayer is spoken at the end of chapel services. It alludes to
8349-414: The college. In October 2021, it was announced that girls and women would join the Choir of St John's College, making it the first choir of an Oxford or Cambridge college to combine "the voices of males and females in both adults and children". The choral scholars and lay clerks of the choir also form their close harmony group, The Gents of St John's. Their repertoire spans the 15th century through to
8470-443: The colonial enterprises of the time, and was an active member of the Virginia Company 's governing council. Although profits proved elusive, his other visions for the Colony based at Jamestown were eventually accomplished. He was part of a faction within the company with Sir Edwin Sandys , who eventually became the Treasurer, and worked tirelessly to support the struggling venture. In addition to profits, Southampton's faction sought
8591-424: The continent almost immediately, but by 3 September the Queen had learned of the marriage and consigned Elizabeth Vernon, one of her chief ladies-in-waiting, to the Fleet Prison for marrying without royal permission. The Queen ordered Southampton to return to England forthwith, but he remained in Paris for two months, losing large sums in gambling. By the beginning of November, he was back in England, also lodged in
8712-524: The course of a local feud between the Danvers and Long families. Sir Henry and his elder brother, Sir Charles Danvers , fled to Titchfield , where Southampton sheltered them. The brothers were outlawed, and eventually escaped to the continent where they took refuge at the court of King Henri IV . On 17 November 1595, Southampton jousted in Queen Elizabeth's accession day tournament , earning
8833-519: The custody and marriage of the young Earl, but left Howard holding his lands." Late in 1581 or early in 1582 Southampton, then eight years of age went to live at Cecil House in the Strand . In October 1585, at age twelve, Southampton entered St John's College, Cambridge , graduating M.A. on 6 June 1589. His name was entered at the Gray's Inn legal society before he left the university, and he
8954-447: The dedication to Venus and Adonis is more restrained, the dedication to The Rape of Lucrece is couched in extravagant terms: The love I dedicate to your lordship is without end ... What I have done is yours; what I have to do is yours; being part in all I have, devoted yours. This type of vaunting language was not particularly unusual, however, because other dedications of the day always excessively praised any noble person sponsoring
9075-435: The demolition of the original medieval chapel and the construction of a new, far larger set of buildings in the 1860s. These included the chapel, designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott , which includes in its interior some pieces saved from the original chapel. It is the third tallest building in Cambridge. The alteration of the north range necessitated the restructuring of the connective sections of First Court; another bay window
9196-585: The disbandment, with an open letter stating that the decision was "regressive" and that the admission of female singers into the Choir of St John's College had been "weaponised against the very existence of another ensemble, supposedly in the name of broadening opportunities". The open letter received national media attention from The Guardian , The Daily Telegraph and The Independent , with notable supporters including former Archbishop of Canterbury and Master of Magdalene College Rowan Williams , music director of
9317-654: The earle essex, his villany I have often complained of, he dweles in London, he was corporall generall of the horse in Ierland under the earle of Sowthamton, he eate & drank at his table and lay in his tente, the earle of Sowthamton gave him a horse, which edmones refused a 100 markes for him, the earle Sowthamton would cole and huge him in his armes and play wantonly with him. This pearse began to fawne and flatter me in Ierland offering me great curtesie, telling me what pay grases & giftes they earles bestowed uppon him, therby seming to move and anymate me to desiar and looke for
9438-560: The earliest examples of English neo-Gothic architecture. Third Court is entered through Shrewsbury Tower, which from 1765 to 1859 housed an observatory. Each of its ranges was built in a different style. Following the completion of the college library in 1624, the final sides of the Third Court were added between 1669 and 1672, after the college had recovered from the trauma of the English Civil War . The additions included
9559-927: The efforts of the East India Company and the New England Company , and backed Henry Hudson 's search for the Northwest Passage . Henry Timberlake , a member of the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London , also was active in the East India Company and may have been involved in Southampton's activities in Titchfield. He died there in 1625 and was buried in St. Peter's parish church. A significant artistic patron in
9680-480: The end of the year had sold some of his lands. In 1598 Southampton was involved in a brawl at court with Ambrose Willoughby, one of the Queen's esquires of the body , who had ordered him to leave the presence chamber where he was playing the card game primero after the Queen had retired for the evening. Southampton struck Willoughby, and "Willoughby puld of some of his locke", for which the Queen gave Willoughby thanks, saying "he had done better yf he had sent hym to
9801-519: The estate of Lady Margaret to pay for the foundation, and it was not until 22 October 1512 that a codicil was obtained in the court of the Archbishop of Canterbury. In November 1512 the Court of Chancery allowed Lady Margaret's executors to pay for the foundation of the college from her estates. When the executors took over they found most of the old hospital buildings beyond repair, but they repaired
9922-401: The execution of John Fisher , whose efforts had ensured the foundation of St John's. Over the years, numerous anecdotes and myths have arisen, involving students and fellows of both colleges. The rivalry is often cited as the reason why the older courts of Trinity have no "J" staircases, despite including other letters in alphabetical order (it should be mentioned that a far more likely reason is
10043-599: The foundation of St John's in her will, and it was largely the work of Fisher that ensured that the college was founded. He had to obtain the approval of King Henry VIII of England , the Pope through the intermediary Polydore Vergil , and the Bishop of Ely to suppress the religious hospital (which by then held only a Master and three Augustinian brethren) and convert it to a college. The college received its charter on 9 April 1511. Further complications arose in obtaining money from
10164-443: The fourth Earl, who would become a prominent statesman and served as Lord High Treasurer under Charles II . That earl's father in law was Francis Leigh, 1st Earl of Chichester whose family fortunes were secured by Sir Thomas Leigh , who married the heiresses of Sir Rowland Hill . In August 1598, Southampton married Elizabeth Vernon , the daughter of John Vernon of Hodnet , Shropshire, and his wife Elizabeth Devereux, who
10285-533: The front (east) range is still much as it appeared when first erected in the 16th century. The south range was refaced between 1772 and 1776 in the Georgian style by the local architect, James Essex , as part of an abortive attempt to modernise the entire court in the same fashion. The most dramatic alteration to the original, Tudor court, however, remains the Victorian amendment of the north range, which involved
10406-585: The gospel of John in which it is presumed the author mentions himself anonymously as the disciple Jesus loved: "Bless, O Lord, the work of this College, which is called by the name of thy beloved disciple; and grant that love of the brethren and all sound learning may ever grow and prosper here, to thy honour and glory, and to the good of thy people, who, with the Father and the Holy Spirit, livest and reignest, one God, world without end. Amen." The college grace
10527-441: The headmaster Thomas Ashton assisted in drawing up ordinances to govern the school. Under these rulings, the borough bailiffs (mayors after 1638) had the power to appoint masters, with Ashton's old college, St John's, having an academic veto. Since then, the appointment of Johnian academics to the governing body, and the historic awards of 'closed' Shrewsbury Exhibitions, have continued. A former Master of St John's, Chris Dobson ,
10648-465: The letters "ILCS" on it, standing for Iohannes Lincolniensis Custos Sigilli , or "John of Lincoln, Keeper of the Seal". The original intention of the college had been to construct an elegant classical building supported by pillared porticos, but Bishop Williams insisted on a more traditional design. Thus, though the college lays claim to too few examples of neo-classical design, the library stands as one of
10769-445: The like favour, But I coeld never love & afecte them to make them my frends, esspecially essex whoes mynd I ever mistrusted.... According to Duncan-Jones, Reynolds' letter hints that 'rewards could be obtained from either or both of the two Earls in return for sexual favours'. On the other hand, Duncan-Jones concludes that Reynolds may have been a paranoid schizophrenic, and that by his own statement he had written over 200 letters to
10890-421: The main building retains many of its original features including ribbed plaster ceilings. Its prominent location (particularly when glimpsed from the river) and flamboyant, tiered design have led it to be nicknamed "The Wedding Cake". The Chapel of St John's College is entered by the northwest corner of First Court. It was constructed between 1866 and 1869 to replace the smaller mediaeval chapel which dated back to
11011-720: The match and, in a letter written in November 1594, about six weeks after Southampton had turned 21, the Jesuit Henry Garnet reported the rumour that "The young Erle of Southampton refusing the Lady Veere payeth £5000 of present payment". In 1591, Lord Burghley's Clerk in Chancery, John Clapham , dedicated to Southampton a poem in Latin, Narcissus , recounting the Greek legend of a beautiful young man who perishes through self-love. According to Akrigg, Southampton
11132-452: The modern day, and concert tours have taken them to Europe , the US and Japan . They provide a mixture of classical a cappella music and folksongs, as well as covers of recent chart hits and light-hearted entertainment, and host an annual Christmas concert and garden party. The college also had a mixed-voice adult choir, St John's Voices , which was founded in 2013 to allow female members of
11253-499: The new king. On the eve of the abortive rebellion of Essex, Southampton had induced the players at the Globe Theatre to revive Richard II . After his release from prison in 1603, he resumed his connection with the stage. In January 1605, he entertained Queen Anne at Southampton House with a performance of Love's Labour's Lost by Burbage and his company, to which Shakespeare belonged. Southampton seems to have been
11374-513: The newlyweds imprisoned. When Elizabeth was pregnant, she wrote to her husband asking him to buy her a stomacher of scarlet cloth lined with plush to keep her warm while riding. She also asked him to bring a portrait 'very finely done'. They had two sons and three daughters listed on his funeral certificate: Numerous portraits of Southampton exist, in which he is depicted with dark auburn hair and blue eyes, compatible with Shakespeare's description of "a man right fair." Sir John Beaumont wrote
11495-482: The old Kitchen Lane, is used as an outdoor dining area. Though it bears little resemblance to its namesake in Venice , the bridge connecting Third Court to New Court, originally known as New Bridge, is now commonly known as the Bridge of Sighs. It is one of the most photographed buildings in Cambridge and was described by the visiting Queen Victoria as "so pretty and picturesque". It is a single-span bridge of stone with
11616-582: The origin of the word and derivations of it as applied in Virginia even more debatable. In 1624, Southampton was one of four Englishmen appointed to command troops fighting in the Low Countries against the Spanish . Shortly after their arrival, the earl's eldest son, James Wriothesley , succumbed to an unspecified "fever" at Roosendaal . Five days later, on 10 November 1624, Southampton died of
11737-406: The porters lodge, to see who durst have fetcht hym out". There is a suggestion that underlying the altercation was something Willoughby had said which caused trouble between Southampton and his mistress, Elizabeth Vernon , one of the Queen's Maids of Honour . The Queen forbade Southampton to present himself at court, although he was soon allowed back. Nonetheless, it was reported by Rowland Whyte at
11858-670: The right to ownership of all unmarked mute swans in open water, but the King only exercises his ownership on certain stretches of the Thames and its surrounding tributaries. The ownership of swans in the Thames is shared equally among the Crown, the Vintners' Company and the Dyers' Company , who were granted rights of ownership by the Crown in the 15th century. According to popular legend, St John's
11979-406: The same cause at Bergen-op-Zoom , aged 51. Their remains were returned to England, and both men were buried in the family chapel of the parish church of Titchfield , Hampshire . The magnificent tomb features four prominent obelisks as well as kneeling relief figures of the youthful 3rd Earl and his sister. The Wriothesleys were still Catholic in the early 1590s when this tomb was built, as were
12100-530: The site and was built between 1878 and 1879 by Basil Champneys for the University of Cambridge's divinity faculty on land leased by St John's College. Control of the building reverted to St John's when the faculty of divinity moved to a new building on the Sidgwick site in 2000. The Choir of St John's College has a tradition of religious music and has sung the daily services in the College Chapel since
12221-521: The site since the foundation's early days as a hospital. Though Sir Christopher Wren submitted designs for the bridge, it was eventually built on a different site by a local mason, Robert Grumbold, who also built Trinity College Library. As with the Library, Grumbold's work was based on Wren's designs, and the bridge has become known as "the Wren Bridge". This tiny court, formed within the walls of
12342-467: The theory that Southampton was the addressee of the Sonnets have suggested that his initials, H.W. (Henry Wriothesley), were simply reversed by the publisher to conceal his identity. But, Honan argues that although Southampton may be involved in Shakespeare's sonnets ... there is no real likelihood that he traduced him by drawing his portrait as the fickle, treacherous Young Man of the sonnets, who
12463-429: The time in London merely in going to plays every day". Southampton was deeply involved in Essex's Rebellion of 1601, and in February of that year, he was sentenced to death. Cecil, who urged the Queen to show the greatest possible degree of clemency, obtained the commutation of his penalty to life imprisonment . On the accession of James I Southampton resumed his place at court and received numerous honours from
12584-550: The time of John's commission. It is a three-sided court of tall Gothic Revival buildings, closed on the fourth side by an open, seven-bayed cross-vaulted cloister and gateway. It is four storeys high, has battlements and is pinnacled. The main portal features a fan vault with a large octagonal pendant, which resembles that of the ceiling found in Bishop Alcock's late 15th-century chapel in Ely Cathedral. The interior of
12705-405: The tower Pinnacles and roof. The chapel is surrounded on three sides by large tabernacles which form part of the external buttresses. Each contains a statue of a prominent college alumnus, alumna or benefactor. The people commemorated are, beginning with the buttress next to the transept on the south side: St John's Master's Lodge is located in a grassy clearing to the north of Third Court. It
12826-555: The town (and later city) of Hampton, Virginia , as well as Southampton County, Virginia and Northampton County . However, the name Southampton was not uncommon in England, including an important port city and an entire region along the southern coast, which was originally part of Hampshire . There are also variations applied in other areas of the English colonies which were not part of the Virginia Company of London's efforts, making
12947-527: The university libraries. Most undergraduate supervisions are carried out in the college, though for some specialist subjects undergraduates may be sent to tutors in other colleges. The college has two official combination rooms for junior members, which represent the interests of students in college and are responsible for the social aspects of college life. Undergraduates are members of the Junior Combination Room (JCR). Graduate students have
13068-523: The university, extended to the hospital the privileges of membership of the university. This led to St John's House, as it was then known, being conferred the status of a college. By the early 16th century the hospital was dilapidated and suffering from a lack of funds. Lady Margaret Beaufort , having endowed Christ's College , sought to found a new college, and chose the hospital site at the suggestion of John Fisher , her chaplain and Bishop of Rochester . However, Lady Margaret died without having mentioned
13189-400: The well-lit stairway. The buildings of St John's College include the chapel, the Hall, the old library, a more contemporary "new" library, a bar, and common rooms for fellows, graduates and undergraduates. There are also extensive gardens, lawns, a neighbouring sports ground, a College School and a boat house. On-site accommodation is provided for all undergraduate and graduate students. This
13310-486: The winners of twelve Nobel Prizes , seven prime ministers , twelve archbishops of various countries, at least two princes and three saints . The Romantic poet William Wordsworth studied at St John's, as did William Wilberforce and Thomas Clarkson , two abolitionists who led the movement that brought slavery to an end in the British Empire . Prince William was affiliated with the college while undertaking
13431-562: Was added to enlarge the college's hall, and a new building was constructed to the north of Great Gate. Parts of the First Court were used as a prison in 1643 during the English Civil War . In April 2011, Queen Elizabeth II visited St John's College to inaugurate a new pathway in First Court, which passes close to the ruins of the Old Chapel. The college's hall has a fine hammerbeam roof , painted in black and gold and decorated with
13552-506: Was admitted on 29 February 1588. On Southampton's 16th birthday, 6 October 1589, Lord Burghley noted Southampton's age in his diary. By 1590 Burghley was negotiating with Southampton's grandfather, Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montague , and Southampton's mother, Mary , for a marriage between Southampton and Lord Burghley's eldest granddaughter, Elizabeth Vere , daughter of Burghley's daughter, Anne Cecil , and Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford . But Southampton did not like
13673-482: Was an ex officio governor of the school from 2007. St John's College first admitted women in October 1981, when K. M. Wheeler was admitted to the fellowship, along with nine female graduate students. The first women undergraduates arrived a year later. St John's Great Gate follows the contemporary pattern employed previously at Christ's College and Queens' College . The gatehouse is crenellated and adorned with
13794-413: Was built at the same time as the new chapel was being constructed and has Tudor fittings, wainscot, portraits and other relics from the demolished north wing of First Court. It has a large garden, and in the winter its westmost rooms have excellent views of the college's old library, the River Cam, and the Bridge of Sighs. The architect was Sir George Gilbert Scott . To the west of the Cripps Building lies
13915-461: Was cast by Clayton and Bell , Hardman , and Wailes , in around 1869. Freestanding statues and plaques commemorate college benefactors such as James Wood , Master 1815–39, as well as alumni including William Wilberforce , Thomas Clarkson and William Gilbert . The college tower can be climbed and is accessed via a small door on First Court. However, this access was closed in 2016 for the duration that important structural repairs were carried out to
14036-570: Was constructed between 1826 and 1831 to accommodate the college's rapidly increasing numbers of students. Despite the college's original intention to get the architects to build another copy of the Second Court, plans were accepted for a fashionably romantic building in the 'Gothic' style. It is also likely that the decision to utilise the neo-Gothic style was made to emulate and compete with the neo-Gothic screen of King's College, designed by William Wilkins and already two years under construction at
14157-527: Was now spending much of his time at court. He was in attendance when Queen Elizabeth visited Oxford in late September 1592 and was praised in the Latin poem written by John Sandford to commemorate the Queen's visit. In October 1592 Southampton's grandfather, Viscount Montague , died. Montague had been a Knight of the Garter , and on 3 May 1593, Philip Gawdy of Clifford's Inn (a law school and Inn of Chancery ) wrote to his brother, Bassingbourne Gawdy , that Southampton had been nominated to
14278-705: Was presented to the French King. When Cecil returned to England from his failed mission in April, Southampton remained at the French court, planning to travel to Italy with Sir Charles Danvers and Sir Henry Danvers , whom he had helped to escape from England in 1594 after the murder of Henry Long. At that juncture, the Queen decided to pardon the Danvers brothers, and they were back in England on 30 August 1598, at which time Southampton also returned in secret, and married his pregnant mistress, Elizabeth Vernon . He left for
14399-493: Was the aunt of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex - who is also connected with Elizabethan drama. Devereux's grandfathers were the Viscount Hereford and the Earl of Huntingdon. On her father John Vernon's side, Elizabeth Vernon's paternal ancestors were more obscure. The marriage was held secretly to legitimize an already-visible pregnancy, based on a letter of John Chamberlain in which he writes "Mistress Vernon
14520-463: Was the only son of Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton , and Mary Browne , daughter of Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu . Shakespeare's two narrative poems, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece , were dedicated to Southampton, who is frequently identified as the Fair Youth of Shakespeare's Sonnets . Henry Wriothesley, born 6 October 1573 at Cowdray House , Sussex,
14641-598: Was the only son of Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton , by Mary Browne . She was the only daughter of Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montague , and his first wife, Jane Radcliffe . He had two sisters, Jane, who died before 1573, and Mary ( c. 1567–1607 ), who in June ;1585 married Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour . After his father's death, Southampton's mother married firstly, on 2 May 1594, as her second husband, Sir Thomas Heneage (d. 17 October 1595), Vice-Chamberlain of
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