24-694: Hamurana is a settlement and area of natural springs on the northern side of Lake Rotorua , in Rotorua Lakes within the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island . It includes the deepest natural spring on the North Island, emerging from a rocky area within the Hamurana Springs Recreation Reserve. Hamurana covers 8.35 km (3.22 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,130 as of June 2024, with
48-760: A population density of 135 people per km . Hamurana had a population of 1,032 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 27 people (2.7%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 69 people (7.2%) since the 2006 census . There were 402 households, comprising 522 males and 510 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.02 males per female. The median age was 49.4 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 165 people (16.0%) aged under 15 years, 114 (11.0%) aged 15 to 29, 567 (54.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 189 (18.3%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 91.0% European/ Pākehā , 16.9% Māori , 1.2% Pacific peoples , 2.6% Asian , and 2.0% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
72-759: A population density of 135 people per km. Hamurana had a population of 1,032 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 27 people (2.7%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 69 people (7.2%) since the 2006 census . There were 402 households, comprising 522 males and 510 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.02 males per female. The median age was 49.4 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 165 people (16.0%) aged under 15 years, 114 (11.0%) aged 15 to 29, 567 (54.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 189 (18.3%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 91.0% European/ Pākehā , 16.9% Māori , 1.2% Pacific peoples , 2.6% Asian , and 2.0% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
96-484: Is 920 feet (280 m) above sea level and is approximately 15 metres (50 ft) deep. It produces an estimated 4 million litres of crystal clear water per hour at a fairly constant temperature of 10 degrees Celsius. The rock surrounding this spring is volcanic ( rhyolitic ). The spring water travels down from the Mamaku Plateau through underground aquifers, taking 70 years to get here. Another identified spring in
120-421: Is 920 feet (280 m) above sea level and is approximately 15 metres (50 ft) deep. It produces an estimated 4 million litres of crystal clear water per hour at a fairly constant temperature of 10 degrees Celsius. The rock surrounding this spring is volcanic ( rhyolitic ). The spring water travels down from the Mamaku Plateau through underground aquifers, taking 70 years to get here. Another identified spring in
144-424: Is a settlement and area of natural springs on the northern side of Lake Rotorua , in Rotorua Lakes within the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island . It includes the deepest natural spring on the North Island, emerging from a rocky area within the Hamurana Springs Recreation Reserve. Hamurana covers 8.35 km (3.22 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,130 as of June 2024, with
168-663: Is frequented by novice kayakers and swimmers. Nearby is the ancestral land of the Ngati Pikiao hapu of the Te Arawa tribe. From Lake Rotoiti the waters of Lake Rotorua flow to the Kaituna River into the Pacific Ocean near Maketu ; the rapid descent from over 900 feet above sea level in less than 20 km has created an area used for extreme kayaking and white water rafting. Hamurana Spring Hamurana
192-764: Is located within the Rotorua Caldera in the Bay of Plenty Region . Lake Rotorua is fed with water from a number of rivers and streams; some such as the Utuhina flow with a water temperature warmer than the lake due to the thermal activity in the Rotorua area. Conversely streams on the northern shore such as the Hamurana Spring and the Awahou stream flow crystal clear water that has a constant temperature of 10 degrees Celsius. Other notable tributaries include
216-578: The Ngongotahā stream, famous for trout fishing. Lake Rotorua flows directly into Lake Rotoiti via the Ohau Channel at the north eastern corner of the lake. The urban development of Rotorua extends along the south portion of the lake shore. The lake was formed from the crater of a large volcano in the Taupō Volcanic Zone . Its last major eruption was about 240,000 years ago. After
240-614: The Rotoiti eruption of the Ōkataina Caldera , with formation of a channel within the western lake floor of Lake Rotoiti and suspected after the Hauparu eruption through the Kaituna River Gorge. Several other lakes of volcanic origin are located nearby to the east, around the base of the active volcano Mount Tarawera and these also over time have varied in size or existence due to volcanic action. Mokoia Island , close to
264-438: The centre of the lake, is a much later rhyolite dome compared to Ngongotahā. It is probably New Zealand's best-known lake island, and is closely associated with one of the best-known Māori legends, that of Hinemoa and Tutanekai . Is said that Hinemoa swam across the lake to her lover Tutanekai who lived on Mokoia Island. Owing to the geothermal activity around the lake (including still active geysers and hot mud pools),
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#1732798056103288-523: The eruption, the magma chamber underneath the volcano collapsed. The circular depression left behind is the Rotorua Caldera , which is the site of the lake. The lake as shown in Figure 1, has had periods at multiple different lake levels since the caldera's Mamaku ignimbrite eruption, related to both volcanic activity and subsidence within the Taupō Rift . The lake all-time high occurred sometime after
312-587: The formation of the Ngongotahā Dome which records this on its flanks, and is now dated at 200,000 years. Previously this dome's eruption was assigned much closer to the time of the Mamaku ignimbrite eruption, so the lake maximum high stand was assumed to be more directly related to the caldera's formation. Breakout floods are suspected through the Hemo Gorge after the lake's maximum high stand, definitely after
336-516: The lake from Sulphur Point. Despite the large volume of water flowing through Lake Rotorua its shallow depth makes it very prone to discolouration, especially from sediment following windy weather. It is well used by fishermen, but less popular with watersports participants and swimmers. The Ohau Channel is navigable by boat and is also favoured by fly fishermen. The Ohau channel joins at the Mourea delta, an area with very low water levels. This area
360-514: The lake has a high sulphur content. This gives the lake's waters an unusual yellowish-green hue. In 2024, maps of the lake floor were published, showing the results of surveys carried out in 2016 and 2017. The maps reveal the course of an ancient river, now submerged, and thousands of pockmarks that probably result from the emission of gas from decomposition of organic material beneath the lake floor. The surveys also revealed significant geothermal activity extending around 1 km (0.62 mi) into
384-485: The reserve is the Dancing Sands spring, named because of the effect of the emerging water on the sand on the bottom of the spring. The spring flows as a stream for approximately one kilometre in the Hamurana Springs Recreation Reserve through a patch of redwoods forest before joining Lake Rotorua. In summer the stream is home to rainbow trout who prefer the cooler temperature of the spring water. Ownership of
408-421: The reserve is the Dancing Sands spring, named because of the effect of the emerging water on the sand on the bottom of the spring. The spring flows as a stream for approximately one kilometre in the Hamurana Springs Recreation Reserve through a patch of redwoods forest before joining Lake Rotorua. In summer the stream is home to rainbow trout who prefer the cooler temperature of the spring water. Ownership of
432-761: The springs and other nearby sites of cultural significance was returned to the Ngati Rangiwewehi iwi under the Ngati Rangiwewehi Claims Settlement Bill 2014. The Act also declares the Hamurana Springs A and Hamurana Springs B as reserves subject to sections 17 and 18 respectively of the Reserves Act 1977 . Access for the public to the springs and reserve maintained by the Department of Conservation
456-408: The springs and other nearby sites of cultural significance was returned to the Ngati Rangiwewehi iwi under the Ngati Rangiwewehi Claims Settlement Bill 2014. The Act also declares the Hamurana Springs A and Hamurana Springs B as reserves subject to sections 17 and 18 respectively of the Reserves Act 1977 . Access for the public to the springs and reserve maintained by the Department of Conservation
480-419: Was $ 39,000, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 207 people (23.9%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 480 (55.4%) people were employed full-time, 141 (16.3%) were part-time, and 18 (2.1%) were unemployed. The Hamurana Springs are a collection of springs on the site, officially named Hamurana Springs Recreation Reserve since 1971. The main spring
504-417: Was $ 39,000, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 207 people (23.9%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 480 (55.4%) people were employed full-time, 141 (16.3%) were part-time, and 18 (2.1%) were unemployed. The Hamurana Springs are a collection of springs on the site, officially named Hamurana Springs Recreation Reserve since 1971. The main spring
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#1732798056103528-406: Was 19.8, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 54.7% had no religion, 32.8% were Christian , 0.6% had Māori religious beliefs and 2.0% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 201 (23.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 147 (17.0%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
552-406: Was 19.8, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 54.7% had no religion, 32.8% were Christian , 0.6% had Māori religious beliefs and 2.0% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 201 (23.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 147 (17.0%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
576-490: Was historically free, however, access is now fully enclosed and only paid access is available as of 2018. Lake Rotorua Lake Rotorua ( Māori : Te Rotorua nui ā Kahumatamomoe ) is the second largest lake in the North Island of New Zealand by surface area, and covers 79.8 km . With a mean depth of only 10 metres it is considerably smaller than nearby Lake Tarawera in terms of volume of water. It
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