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29-402: After Hang Tuah was sentenced to death, Hang Jebat was conferred the coveted Taming Sari kris, a weapon formerly used by Hang Tuah . Believing that Hang Tuah was unjustly murdered by the sultan he served, Hang Jebat turned against the ruler to avenge his friend's death. No one knew that the bendahara (chief minister) went against the royal decree and hid Hang Tuah in a remote area. With

58-504: A battle that lasted for seven days, Hang Tuah eventually managed to reclaim the Taming Sari by tricking Hang Jebat. Although stabbed by Tuah, Hang Jebat bandaged his wounds and ran amok in the city square for three days, killing thousands of people before retreating to Tuah's house and dying in his friend's arms. Hang Jebat's famous quote during the fight was " Raja adil raja disembah, raja zalim raja disanggah " meaning "A fair king

87-977: A figure in the Hindu epic of Ramayana . The Laksamana in the Malacca Sultanate was in charge for the sea security of the Sultanate, and most importantly, the China-India trade route within the Straits of Malacca . That trade route was the lifeline of the Empire. He was in full command of the Malaccan fleet, outranked only by the Bendahara and the Sultan. According to the Suma Oriental and

116-415: A palace killing spree or furious rebellion against the sultan (sources differ as to what actually occurred). It remains consistent, however, that Hang Jebat wreaks havoc onto the royal court, and the sultan is unable to stop him, as none of the warriors dares to challenge the more ferocious and skilled Hang Jebat. The bendahara then informs the sultan that the only man who is able to stop Hang Jebat, Hang Tuah,

145-457: Is Hang Tuah who persuades Tun Teja to elope with him, thus deceiving her. Perhaps the most famous story in which Hang Tuah is involved is the fight with his closest childhood companion, Hang Jebat . Hang Tuah's deep loyalty to and popularity with the sultan leads to rumours being circulated that Hang Tuah is having an illicit affair with one of the sultan's dayang (court stewardesses). The sultan then sentences Hang Tuah to death without trial for

174-408: Is a king saluted, a tyrant king is a king disputed." This went against Tuah's philosophy of loyalty without question. After the fight, the sultan ordered his men to tear down, burn and throw the ashes of the house into the sea. Two months later, when a lady of the bendahara 's retinue, Dang Wangi gave birth to Jebat's son, the sultan ordered Hang Tuah to throw the baby into the sea as well. Instead,

203-498: Is an accredited private university college established in 2003. The college also acted as a subsidiary college of the Kensington College of Business . In Indonesia, Laksamana mengamuk is a drink from Riau . This drink is made from mango mixed with coconut milk and sugar . Usually served during Ramadan . In Malaysia, Laksamana class is a class of small missile corvettes comprising four ships in service with

232-640: Is buried in Tanjung Kling in Malacca, where his tomb can still be seen today; however some say his body is actually buried elsewhere. Other sources state that, following the arrival of the Portuguese , Hang Tuah moves to Singapura . Hang Tuah remains popular in Malaysia, embodying the values of allegiance and loyalty. The legend of the tragic friendship between Hang Tuah and Hang Jebat represents

261-547: Is much in dispute about the factual basis of Hang Tuah's story. The veracity of Hang Tuah has been the subject of debate of historians for a century. In 2012, historian Khoo Kay Kim , noted that there was no historical evidence for Hang Tuah's existence. Since 2016, some historians have suggested that Hang Tuah is referred to in the Rekidai Hoan , an official record from the Ryukyu Islands . The document spans

290-467: Is no historical record attributing the saying to Hang Tuah, nor is the quote found in the Hikayat Hang Tuah . Hang Tuah is a prominent figure in Malaysia's popular culture and his story has been adapted into several movies. Famous portrayals include: In 1951, Indonesian author Nasjah Djamin wrote Hang Tuah (Untuk Anak-Anak) ("Hang Tuah for Children") published by Balai Antara, making it

319-540: Is ordered by Sultan Mahmud Shah to court a princess on the sultan's behalf. The Puteri Gunung Ledang (Princess of Mount Ledang) was so named because she resided on Mount Ledang at the Malacca-Johor border. According to legend, the Princess meets with Hang Tuah, and only agrees to marry the sultan if he satisfies a list of requirements, or pre-wedding gifts. The list includes a golden bridge linking Malacca with

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348-466: Is presented to Sultan Muzaffar Shah of Malacca by his bendahara , Tun Perak . Hang Tuah's career as an admiral or laksamana includes tales of his absolute and unfaltering loyalty to his Sultan, some of which are chronicled in Sejarah Melayu (the semi-historical Malay Annals) and Hikayat Hang Tuah (a romantic collection of tales involving Hang Tuah). Hang Tuah is said to have become

377-412: Is purported to be magical, empowering its owner with physical invulnerability. Hang Tuah is also said to have acted as the sultan's ambassador , travelling on the king's behalf to allied countries. Another story concerning Hang Tuah's loyalty to the ruler is found in the Hikayat Hang Tuah , and involves his visit to Inderaputra or Pahang during one such voyage. The sultan sends Hang Tuah to Pahang with

406-447: Is still alive. The bendahara recalls Hang Tuah from his hiding place and the warrior is given full amnesty by the sultan and is instructed to kill Hang Jebat. After seven gruelling days of fighting, Hang Tuah is able to kill Hang Jebat. The two main sources for Hang Tuah differ yet again on the details of the final aspect of his life. According to the Hikayat Hang Tuah , it is Hang Jebat who avenges his friend's death, only to be killed by

435-1004: The Malay Annals , there are only three named Laksamana attested namely, Hang Tuah under Mansur Shah , followed by Khoja Hussain and Hang Nadim under Mahmud Shah . In modern times, the word refers to a rank in Brunei (by the Royal Brunei Navy ), in Indonesia (by the Indonesian Navy and Indonesian Maritime Security Agency ) and in Malaysia (by the Royal Malaysian Navy and Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency ). The common grades for "Laksamana" title are: In Brunei, Laksamana College of Business ( Malay : Kolej Perniagaan Laksamana )

464-405: The laksamana entrusted the child, Hang Nadim , to the bendahara. The child was then taken to Singapura where he was raised. KD Jebat (FFG29) , a Lekiu -class frigate in the Royal Malaysian Navy , is named after him. The decommissioned frigate KD Rahmat was to be called KD Hang Jebat , but engine problems during building trials caused the navy to change her name to Rahmat . One of

493-428: The alleged offence. The death sentence is not carried out, however, because Hang Tuah's executioner, the bendahara (chief minister), goes against the sultan's orders and hides Hang Tuah in a remote region of Malacca. The story continues, with Hang Jebat, believing that Hang Tuah was dead, murdered unjustly by the king he served. Hang Jebat then decides to avenge his friend's death. Hang Jebat's revenge allegedly becomes

522-436: The conflict between loyalty and justice. Hang Tuah is associated with the saying, "Takkan Melayu hilang di dunia, selagi berpegang teguh kepada Agama Islam," meaning, "Never shall Malays vanish from the earth, as long as they adhere to the religion of Islam". The saying is a rallying cry for Malay nationalism . It was popularised by well known local author Abdul Ahmad Samad in his 1950 literary work, Dosaku . However, there

551-431: The early 21st century, there arose an unfounded cybermyth that Hang Tuah was of Chinese descent. According to legend, Hang Tuah learns silat together with his four comrades, Hang Kasturi, Hang Jebat , Hang Lekir and Hang Lekiu. Their teacher is Adi Putra, a renowned master who lived a hermetic life at the top of a mountain. The comrades encounter and deal with a man running amok . Following this incident, Hang Tuah

580-629: The first locally published comic book in the country. Laksamana The Laksamana ( Jawi : لقسامان ‎ ) is a position within the armed forces, similar to the position of admiral in Malay sultanates and in present-day countries like Indonesia and Malaysia . Since South East Asia was part of Indosphere of Greater India since earlier, during and after the Hinduised Srivijaya empire, Hindu titles based on Sanskrit were used. The word Laksamana originated from Lakshmana ,

609-412: The kris in his possession, Hang Jebat was undefeatable and there was not one person in the palace who was capable of killing him. Hang Jebat's revenge allegedly became a palace killing spree or furious rebellion against the sultan (sources differ as to what actually occurred). It remains consistent, however, that Hang Jebat wreaked havoc onto the royal court, and the sultan was unable to stop him, as none of

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638-494: The oldest engines that pulls the trains along the Singapore-Malaysia rail route is also named after him. In Singapore , there exists a minor road off Portsdown Avenue named "Jalan Hang Jebat" and a namesake mosque, Masjid Hang Jebat at the road's end. Hang Tuah Hang Tuah ( Jawi : هڠ تواه ‎, from /tuha/ or /toh/ (توه) ), according to the semi-historical Malay Annals ( Sejarah Melayu ),

667-539: The period from the 15th to the 19th century and records the arrival of a certain admiral from Malacca. The document mentions the word "Lezoumana" or "Lo-hsi-ma-na" ( Laksamana ), Hang Tuah's supposed title, according to the Malay Annals . However, since Hang Tuah is not mentioned by name, this claim remains unproven. Regardless of the historicity of Hang Tuah, his ethnicity is the source of some dispute. Legend has it that Hang Tuah had aboriginal Malay ancestry. In

696-612: The same friend, but according to Sejarah Melayu , it is Hang Kasturi. The Sejarah Melayu or the Malay Annals are unique in that they constitute the only available account of the history of the Malay Sultanate in the 15th and early 16th century, but the Hang Jebat story, as the more romantic tale, remains more popular. Hang Tuah is said to continue to serve Malacca after the death of Hang Jebat. Later in life, Hang Tuah

725-409: The sultan's constant aide, accompanying the king on official visits to foreign countries. On one such visit to Majapahit , Hang Tuah fights a duel with the famed pendekar Taming Sari. After this brutal fight Hang Tuah emerges as winner, and then Singhavikramavardhana, the ruler of Majapahit, bestows upon him Taming Sari's kris or dagger. The Keris Taming Sari was named after its original owner, and

754-453: The task of persuading the princess Tun Teja, who was already engaged, to become the sultan's companion. Tun Teja falls under the impression that Hang Tuah had come to persuade her to marry him, not the sultan, and agrees to elope with him to Malacca. It was only during the voyage home that Hang Tuah reveals his deception to Tun Teja. The Hikayat Hang Tuah and Sejarah Melayu each carry different accounts of this incident. The Hikayat records that it

783-449: The top of Gunung Ledang, seven trays of mosquito livers, seven jars of virgins' tears and a bowl of the sultan's first-born son's blood. Hang Tuah knows the tasks will not be fulfilled, and is so overwhelmed that he fails his king that he flings his kris into a river and vows only to return to Malacca if it resurfaces, which it never does. He then vanishes into thin air. According to other sources, Hang Tuah lives to an old age, and his body

812-399: The warriors dared to challenge the more ferocious and skilled Hang Jebat. After learning from the bendahara that Hang Tuah was still alive, the sultan had him recall the warrior and gave him full amnesty. The sultan then ordered Hang Tuah to kill Hang Jebat. Being unquestionably loyal to the ruler, Hang Tuah obeyed the sultan's bidding and went on to challenge Hang Jebat. After fighting in

841-536: Was a warrior and Laksamana (equivalent to modern-day Admiral ) who lived in Malacca during the reign of Sultan Mansur Shah in the 15th century. However, there is limited historical evidence for his existence. He was supposedly a great laksamana , or admiral, a diplomat and a silat master. Hang Tuah is the most illustrious warrior figure in Malay literature. He is however, a somewhat controversial figure and there

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