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74-581: The Handasyde monoplane was a single-seat light aircraft built for the 1923 Lympne motor glider competition . It competed there but won no prizes. In 1920 George Handasyde left the Martinsyde company he had formed before World War I , with Helmut Martin, to form the Handasyde Aircraft Company. Two of the draughtsmen he took on became well known, Sydney Camm and Freddie Raynham . Handasyde, Raynham and Camm together designed

148-522: A Croix de guerre 1939-1945 with natural palm, appended at the point of the shield and surmounting the croisure strips. The origin of the coat of arms is disputed. According to Victor Le Sens, it is of religious origin: Fess argent charged of stars represents the belt of the Virgin Mary , one of the two patrons of the city and the number of stars, like the bezants , evokes the Trinity ,

222-493: A continuity of the dual carriageway to the commercial port in Cherbourg. The old Route nationale 801  [ fr ] (reclassified as D901), which connects Cap de la Hague to Barfleur , crosses the city from east to west. After the completion of the bypass east of the agglomeration, a western bypass project is under study, and a 'zone' corresponding to the future final route has been selected. Similarly, upgrading to

296-715: A dual carriageway for access of Maupertus Airport is envisaged. The D650 is used to connect Cherbourg to the west coast of the Cotentin peninsula. Departing from Cherbourg, the D650 takes a southwesterly direction to Les Pieux and then along to join the Côte des Isles (the Channel Islands coast) to Barneville-Carteret . In the approach to Cherbourg, this road has undergone development, in recent years, with amenities (roundabouts, traffic lights, urban development) by virtue of

370-400: A flight of one lap plus a figure of eight to be made from each cockpit in turn. The competition proper, starting the next day awarded points on performance in four different tests: high speed, low speed, distance required to take off and clear an obstacle and length of landing run. The total time in the air during the competition was also logged. The Air Ministry offered a £2,000 prize for

444-577: A glider. The 1924 trial, properly called the Two-Seater Dual Control Light Aeroplane Competition was held from 27 September to 4 October 1924 also at Lympne Aerodrome . The rules, issued in February 1924 required competing aircraft to have engines with a capacity of no more than 1,100 cc, to have full dual controls and one or two airspeed visible from either cockpit. All tests were to be flown with

518-423: A gull, symbolising the maritime character of the town, on a musical stave, evoking the musicality of the port: "The cry of the seagulls that dance between sky and sea, the mermaids of ships and the melodious song of the waves". The date of Foundation of Cherbourg can not be set precisely, although several local historians, including Robert Lerouvillois, trace the origin of the city to Coriallo (for * Coriovallo ) of

592-484: A height of 14,400 feet (4,390 m). The two £150 prizes for maximum distance covered went to the Avro 560 (No.6) flown by Bert Hinkler, which completed 80 laps or 1,000 miles (1,609 km). A take-off and landing competition with a £100 prize was frustrated by the gusty conditions and the prize went instead to Avro 558 No.11 flown by Harold Hamersley to an altitude of 13,850 ft (4,221 m). However Alexis Maneyrol died on

666-471: A load of 340 lb (154 kg), excluding fuel but including the pilot's weight. The elimination trials, held on Sunday 28 September were not expected to be as challenging as they turned out. There was a transport, store and reassemble test which involved folding or dismantling the wings, moving the aircraft a short distance and housing in a shed 10 ft (3 m) wide, then reversing the process. This had to be done by only two people. A flying test followed,

740-638: A night bus service has also been created. Cherbourg-Octeville and its suburbs are also served by the Manéo departmental bus service. The Cherbourg – Maupertus Airport , located in Maupertus-sur-Mer , serves the city. Its 2,440 m (8,010 ft) runway hosts charter flights . After stopping the daily service to Paris by Twin Jet , in spring 2008, a new link with Caen and Paris started with Chalair on 27 October 2008. With 40,500 passengers in 2007,

814-591: A result, the competition began to be referred to as the Daily Mail Motor Glider Competition. Rules were few, but the newspaper's inclusion of a capacity limit with its generous prize was adopted by all entrants. Since a single-seat aircraft was bound to be lighter and more economical than a two-seater, all entrants were single-seaters. The original intention was to fill the aircraft with one gallon of fuel and see how far they got. Seeing that this would lead to aircraft retrieval problems,

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888-517: A strong sea wind, commonly stormy but also low seasonal variations of temperature and few days of frost (7.3). The combined effect of the wind and the tides can generate a rapid change of weather in a single day, with sun and rain which can be a few hours apart. The influence of the Gulf Stream and the mildness of the winter allow the naturalisation of many Mediterranean and exotic plants ( mimosas , palms , agaves , etc.) which are present in

962-662: A successful glider for the Itford glider competition in 1922 in which Raynham set a British record of 113 min, though this was only good enough for second place when Alexis Maneyrol set a world record of 201 min. The 1923 Lympne motor glider competition was a natural outcome from the Itford event, and Handasyde produced a monoplane for it. The all-wood Handasyde was a high-wing semi-cantilever monoplane, with parallel-chord wings that had slightly tapered tips. The wings were built up around two spars and covered with 1 mm plywood from

1036-404: Is also the name of a Canadian township , located between Matane and Les Méchins , which gave its name to the communes of Saint-Thomas-de-Cherbourg, merged in 1954 into Les Méchins, and Saint-Jean-de-Cherbourg . This name, including the proclamation date of 7 May 1864, could be due to the impact by the local newspapers of the inauguration of the military port by Napoleon III in 1858. Cherbourg

1110-662: Is also the name of a town in Queensland , Australia. The Cotentin, conquered by Quintus Titurius Sabinus in 56 BC, was divided between the pagus constantiensis ("County of Coutances") and the pagus coriovallensis ("County of Coriallo"), within Gallia Lugdunensis . Coriallo housed a small garrison and a castrum was built on the left bank of the Divette as an element of the Litus saxonicum , after Saxon raids at

1184-531: Is situated at the mouth of the Divette  [ fr ] and at the south of the bay between Cap Lévi  [ fr ] to the east and Cap de La Hague to the west, Cherbourg-Octeville is 120 km (75 mi) from the English coast. Cherbourg and Octeville-sur-Cherbourg once belonged to the deanery of La Hague, delimited by the Divette. In 1786, a part of Equeurdreville joined Cherbourg, during

1258-458: The 1999 census the city of Cherbourg had an area of 6.91 square kilometres (2.668 sq mi), while the city of Octeville had an area of 7.35 km (2.838 sq mi). The largest city in the Department of Manche, it is the result of the merger of the communes of Cherbourg and Octeville. The amalgamated city today has an area of 14.26 km (5.506 sq mi). Cherbourg

1332-615: The Daily Mail offered a prize of £1,000 to the pilot making the longest flight in England. The Royal Aero Club chose Itford Hill on the South Downs just east of Brighton as a venue and the event was arranged for 16–21 October 1922. This gave contestants just six weeks to design and build their gliders, or to bring them from Europe. Thirteen gliders competed with each other and the autumn weather. The best flight by an Englishman

1406-488: The Daily Mail offered £5,000 in all, £3,000 to the winner, £1,500 to the runner-up and £500 for third place. A single "figure of merit" determined position, the ratio of the useful load carried, unchanged throughout the trials to the mass of petrol used over the total 1,994 miles (3,208 km) flown. The preliminary eliminating trials began on Friday 10th, and the trial proper on Sunday 12th. The 1926 entrants were: Competitors No.s 5, 8 and 11 did not arrive in time for

1480-639: The Gare Maritime de Cherbourg , which had opened in 1933 on the Quai de France next to the Cité de la Mer . Frequently, cruise ships that have planned for another destination have taken refuge in the port, for protection from the frequent storms. Conventional cargo ships berth in the eastern area of the docks on the Quai des Flamands and Quai des Mielles . During the construction of the Concorde prototypes in

1554-707: The Precambrian of Hercynian orogeny by the folding of the arkoses of the Cambrian and Armorican sandstone and shale of the Ordovician . These folds result in layers of sandstone tilted 45° towards the north-east on la Fauconniere (including " La Roche qui pend " ['the hanging rock']) and the Montagne du Roule  [ fr ] . These two cliffs are due to sea erosion in the Quaternary . The retreat of

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1628-759: The Unelli . According to Pierre-Yves Lambert , the Celtic element corio- means "army, troop" and the element vallo- similar to the Latin vallum , would be "rampart, fortification". Mentioned on the Tabula Peutingeriana (c. 365), in the Antonine Itinerary and the Gesta de Fontenelle ("In pago Coriovallinse", 747-753), Coriallo , Latinised then as Coriallum , hosted a Roman garrison during

1702-459: The peri-urbanisation of the communes in its path. With the awarding of autoroute status to the RN13 in 2006, the work of upgrading to motorway standard between Cherbourg and Caen is being undertaken over a 10-year period. The construction work of the RN13 at the entrance of the Cherbourg agglomeration (locality Virage des Chèvres ) was completed in early 2009. Cherbourg-Octeville is a port on

1776-470: The 1,994 miles of the course than anyone else. 51°4.8′N 1°1′E  /  51.0800°N 1.017°E  / 51.0800; 1.017 Cherbourg Cherbourg is a former commune and subprefecture located at the northern end of the Cotentin peninsula in the northwestern French department of Manche . It was merged into the commune of Cherbourg-Octeville on 28 February 2000, which

1850-465: The 1960s, some sections built in the United Kingdom passed by ferry through Cherbourg, for transfer to Toulouse. The Paris - Cherbourg railway line , operated by Réseau Ferré de France , ends at Cherbourg railway station , which opened in 1858 and welcomes a million passengers every year. This line continued, at the beginning of the 20th century, up to the resort of Urville-Nacqueville and

1924-533: The 1990s, a deviation from the road, now European routes E03 and E46 , referred traffic through La Glacerie and Tourlaville on a three-way axis from La Glacerie, to the Penesme roundabout at Tourlaville and then a dual carriageway to a roundabout located between Collignon Beach and the Port des Flamands . An extension to Cherbourg is in the works, with the doubling of the bridge over the Port des Flamands , to ensure

1998-662: The ANEC Monoplane (No. 17) flown by Mr Jimmy James. Despite very different engine capacities (398 cc on the Wren and 700 cc on the ANEC), both returned 87.5 mpg (31.0 km/litre). The Parnall Pixie II (No. 24), flown by Capt Macmillan won the Abdulla speed prize of £500 with a speed of 76.1 mph (122.5 km/h). ANEC No.17, flown this time by Mr Maurice Piercey also won the £200 altitude prize from Sir Charles Wakefield with

2072-671: The County of Shropshire , formerly also spelled Chirichburig (915) and Chiresbir (1226). The name of Octeville appears meanwhile, in 1063, in a Charter of William the Conqueror about allocations made to the Collegiate Church of Cherbourg. It means: "the rural area of Otti ", a Scandinavian male name also found in Octeville-l'Avenel , Octeville-sur-Mer and Otby (Lincolnshire, Ottebi , 11th century). Cherbourg

2146-488: The English Channel with a number of regular passenger and freight ferry services operating from the large modern ferry terminal and has a major artificial harbour . The following operators currently run services from the port: Cherbourg has previously had services operated by the following operators: The port welcomes some 30 cruise ships per year including the largest, thanks to a cruise terminal built in 2006 in

2220-580: The German occupation and bombardment of the tram depot, the use of buses took over, and it was not until 1962 that the network had several lines. From 1976, the Communauté urbaine de Cherbourg supported the jurisdiction of public transit. Management of the public service is delegated to Keolis , the CTC took the name of Zephir Bus in 1991. The network covers the whole of the metropolitan area. In recent years,

2294-530: The Irish ports of Rosslare Harbour and Dublin , and St Helier on Jersey . Limited by its geographical isolation from being a great commercial port, it is nonetheless an important shipbuilding centre, and a working-class city with a rural hinterland. Cherbourg is located at the northern tip of the Cotentin Peninsula , in the department of Manche , of which it is a subprefecture . At the time of

Handasyde Monoplane - Misplaced Pages Continue

2368-676: The Kent and Sussex coastline, and usually involving either three or six laps totalling between 300 and 400 miles. Friday's course was an exception, a two lap flight on a 106-mile circuit from Lympne to the south London airport at Croydon . By Thursday morning the field had been reduced to four, the two Cygnets with No.6 leading, followed by the Brownie and then the Pixie. Two days more flying left this order unchanged; final figures of merit were 1.105, 0.907, 0.850 and 0.773 respectively. Prize winners So

2442-456: The Montagne du Roule is used for rubble and rockfill. Most of the many quarries, which opened in the metropolitan area for building the harbour wall , are now closed. Cherbourg is bordered by the sea. The construction of the port of trade, from 1769, accompanied by the diversion of the Divette  [ fr ] (the mouth of which was located at the current exit of Port Chantereyne) and

2516-666: The Trottebec (from the territory of Tourlaville) gathered in the canal de retenue , along the Avenue de Paris and Rue du Val-de-Saire . The streams of the Bucaille and the Fay, which watered the Croûte du Homet , disappeared in the 18th century during the construction of the military port. Cherbourg has a temperate oceanic climate . Its maritime character causes high humidity (84%) and

2590-434: The airfield, including a figure of eight, the first flown from one cockpit and the second from the other. All the entrants passed the weight checks, the dismantle-house-reassemble test, similar to that undertaken in 1924 and the more demanding take off test. So on Sunday, nine machines started the trials proper. On each of the six days, competitors flew several laps of courses mostly involving towns or landmarks along or near

2664-479: The airport had lost 30% of its commercial passengers, and 10% of its total traffic over a year. From the Empire , the coat of arms was accompanied by external ornaments: Mural crown with five rounds of argent, crest crossed fess a caduceus bypassed same on which are suspended two scallops used as mantling, one dexter olive, the other sinister oak, argent knotted and fastened by strips of azure. They also contain

2738-583: The area of the Mielles, the Cherbourg territory was reclaimed from the sea. Built at the level of the sea, the town developed at the foot of the Roule mountain (highest point of the old town) and la Fauconnière. Octeville is a former rural municipality, composed of hamlets, whose settlement extended from the 19th century and whose territory is highly urbanised since 1950, especially around the ZUP  [ fr ] of

2812-459: The armorial of d'Hozier in 1697, were added in the 18th century. Under the Empire, the coat of arms was completed by a free area of second-class towns which is to dexter azure to an "N" of or, surmounted by a pointed star of the same, brocading at the ninth of the escutcheon. Regarding the external ornaments, the mural crown symbolises protection and happiness, the caduceus of trade and business,

2886-429: The coat of arms evokes the maritime trade of the city, the bezants - traditional furniture of the arms of ennobled financiers - represent wealth and fortune, while the star shows peace and prudence. The sable signifies prudence and constancy in adversity, the azure denotes activity and the seas. M. Canel had explained before him that the bezants and stars respectively illustrated trade and sea port. The stars, absent from

2960-509: The competition was to encourage the design of practical two seaters, which as in 1924 were to have full dual control. Rather than limit engine capacity, the rules set a maximum engine weight of 170 lb (77.1 kg). For the first time in the Lympne trials, all aircraft had to be all British. This requirement, together with the weight limit severely limited the choice of engines. Air Ministry interest had waned and they put up no prize money, but

3034-676: The construction of the port, and then in 1802, a portion of Octeville. Since 1811, the " mielles " [dunes] of Tourlaville, commune of the deanery of Saire , are integrated into the Cherbourg territory known as the quarter of Val-de-Saire where the Pasteur Hospital  [ fr ] and the Saint-Clement Church were built. Thus, Cherbourg-Octeville lies both in La Hague and in the Val de Saire. Like all Chantereyne and

Handasyde Monoplane - Misplaced Pages Continue

3108-464: The elimination trials to proceed to the trials proper. The unexpectedly high loss rate was broadly due to underdeveloped engines and a rushed preparation of airframes. The Vickers Vagabond, for example arrived by road unflown. The successful machines were No.s 1, 3, 4, 5, 14, 15, 18 and 19. Pixies No.s 17 and 18 were the same aircraft, configurable as either a monoplane or a biplane, but only flown as No.18, in monoplane configuration. This dropped out of

3182-412: The elimination trials. The Missel Thrush did, but was out even before the start of the elimination test, badly damaged in an accident begun with undercarriage failure. The elimination trials did not reduce the field as severely as in 1924, but three aircraft (No.1, 12 and 15) were disqualified after suffering undercarriage failures in the flying tests. These tests involved a pair of five-minute flights over

3256-581: The engine troubles experienced by most contestants, it managed to fly for 158.5 miles (255 km) at 65.7 mpg (23.3 km/litre). This was well behind the eventual winners, the Wren and the ANEC ;I, both of which achieved 87.5 mpg (31.0 km/litre). The Handasyde Company failed in 1923 and the monoplane's end is not recorded. Data from Ord-Hume 2000 , p. 377 General characteristics Performance Lympne light aircraft trials The Lympne events had their origin in

3330-643: The factory entered Hawker Cygnet, flown by Paul Bulman took the £3,000 winner's prize, the RAE Aero Club Cygnet flown by J.S. Chick the £1,500 for second place and the Bristol Brownie £500 for third. All three aircraft used the Cherub engine. If placings had been determined by fuel consumed rather than the figure of merit, the order would have been unchanged, and Bulman flew his Cygnet significantly faster (68.36 mph or 101.0 km/h) over

3404-473: The final day during his second attempt on the altitude record, when his Peyret monoplane suffered lift strut failure. The banquet, which was to have concluded the Lympne event, was cancelled as a mark of respect. The Wren No. 4 still flies with The Shuttleworth Collection , with the help of some parts from No. 3. The Vivette No. 16 hangs from the roof in the Brussels Air Museum , configured as

3478-510: The first world war and certainly exercised the ingenuity of designers to the maximum in complying with the restrictions placed upon them. Lympne Aerodrome is just west of the village of Lympne , on top of old sea cliffs near the coast and about 3 miles (5 km) WNW of the Kent port of Hythe . The events were organised and administrated by the Royal Aero Club . The first trial was held 8–13 October 1923. The official proper name

3552-424: The fuel economy test it was required to pass a demonstration of portability, called the transport test. Each aircraft had to prove it was capable of going through a standard field gate and then be wheeled along a country road for a mile using not more than two men. Because this limited the width of the aircraft to 7 ft 6in then the designs all featured either detachable or folding wings. Also competed for were

3626-547: The greatest altitude. These were large sums of money at a time when £80 would buy a sailplane in Germany. The object of the competition was to produce a motor glider that cost no more than £100. The 1923 entrants were: Prize winners The Duke of Sutherland's prize of £500 and the Daily Mail prize of £1,000 were put together and divided between the English Electric Wren (No. 4) flown by Flt Lt Longton and

3700-768: The late Roman Empire , and the recovered remains would be the village between Cherbourg and Tourlaville , on the Mielles. The Cotentin Peninsula was the first territory conquered by the Vikings in their ninth century invasion. They developed Cherbourg as a port. After the Anglo-Scandinavian settlement, a new name appeared there in a still Latinised form: Carusburg Castellum (1026-1027, Fauroux 58) then Carisburg (1056–1066, Fauroux 214), Chiersburg ( William of Jumièges , v. 1070), Chieresburg ( Wace , Roman de Rou , v. 1175). Carusburg would mean "fortress of

3774-483: The leadership of Napoleon I , and holds an arsenal of the French Navy . A stopping point for prestigious transatlantic liners in the first half of the 20th century, Cherbourg was the primary goal of US troops during the invasion of Normandy in 1944. Along with its use as a military, fishing and yachting port, it is also a cross-Channel ferry port, with routes to the English ports of Poole and Portsmouth ,

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3848-701: The marsh" in Old Norse kjarr (marsh), and borg (castle, fortified town) or "city of the marais" in Old English ker (bog) and burgh (town). The element kjarr / ker is also found in Normandy in Villequier and Orcher . According to François de Beaurepaire, it comes rather from the Old English chiriche (spelled ċiriċe , Church) or [tch] is reduced to [s], as the commune of Chirbury , in

3922-546: The minimum threshold of passenger traffic was not met. As well as a main line station there was also the Gare Maritime Transatlantique station. This now forms part of the Cité de la mer . The Compagnie des transports de Cherbourg (CTC) was created in 1896, connecting the Place de Tourlaville and the Place du Château by a tramway  [ fr ] in Cherbourg, then to Urville . After

3996-458: The often fragile, light-weight frames in which they were housed. C. G. Grey, editor of 'The Aeroplane' at the time devoted two issues to "a four-page long diatribe" to the failures of the 1924 event and the author of 'The Lympne Trials' speaks of "a clear failure to understand what a private pilot or a flying club might need as a training aeroplane". Nevertheless, the trials did serve to stimulate public and industry interest in private aviation after

4070-467: The olive tree of peace, the oak of strength, recalling the role of both the military and commercial port. The argent means that Cherbourg was a second class city under the Empire. It was the logo of the municipality until the merger with Cherbourg, which then took the logo of Cherbourg. Today, the municipality of Cherbourg-Octeville uses a logo, entitled "mouette musicale" [musical seagull]. Initially adopted by Cherbourg, it consists of

4144-420: The organisers decided that all flights must begin and end at Lypmne. Instead, each was fuelled over a gallon by a standard amount, landing when they judged they had insufficient fuel for another 12.5 miles. If they had used more than one gallon, the calculated consumption was pro rata ; if they had used less than one gallon the consumption was nevertheless based on one gallon used. Before an aircraft could enter

4218-408: The other patron of the city. The bezants would be the expression of the redemption of the captives, illustrating the participation of the notables of Cherbourg on the Third Crusade . The coat of arms of Cherbourg dates from the late 12th century, at the time of the Crusades . According to M. Le Poupet, which relies in particular on the works of Vulson de la Colombière and Ségoing , the content of

4292-496: The post- World War I state of aviation in Britain and in Germany. Military aircraft production stopped immediately after the war ended. In Britain there were large stocks of surplus aircraft available at low prices, making it hard for manufacturers to develop new models. Airlines were only slowly emerging, largely using converted military aeroplanes and having not found a certain economic model. The old fighters, though effective for barnstorming were not economical or practical enough for

4366-541: The private flyer. The first Lympne meeting the following year and its slightly earlier counterpart in Vauville near Cherbourg , France, were the result both of these ideas and a desire to build an aircraft which would satisfy the needs of private fliers and foster private aviation. Unfortunately, in the opinion of many, both at the time and later, the restrictions imposed resulted in aircraft that had too-small engines, wheels that were too thin and of small diameter and engines which, though under powered, were too heavy relative to

4440-423: The private owner. In Germany the manufacture of powered aircraft was forbidden under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles , but glider development was allowed. In 1921 a glider competition was held in the Rhön mountains, and in mid-August 1922 another was held at the Wasserkuppe . The 1922 prize of 100,000 marks was won by a flight of 66 minutes, demonstrating the possibilities of engineless flight. In response,

4514-411: The provinces and the university campus. The bordering communes are Tourlaville to the east, Équeurdreville-Hainneville to the west, La Glacerie to the south and southeast, Martinvast to the south, and Nouainville and Sideville to the south-west. Located at the end of the Armorican Massif , Cherbourg retains traces of the geologic formation, deformed granites and metamorphic schists of

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4588-409: The public and private gardens of the city, despite average insolation. The climate is similar to areas much further north in Great Britain and Ireland due to the moderation. Summers are far cooler than expected by French standards. Historically, Cherbourg is at the western end of Route nationale 13 , which runs through the city by the "Rouges Terres" and the Avenue de Paris , from La Glacerie . In

4662-516: The rear spar at mid-chord forward; on each side a lift strut linked the wing at about 1/3 span to the fuselage lower longeron. The wing was then fabric covered, with a wire-supported scalloped trailing edge. It carried narrow ailerons outboard. The fuselage was rectangular in cross section, tapering more in elevation than in plan. There were no fixed stabilisers at the rear, only an all moving rudder and undivided elevator. Both these surfaces were hinged to provide aerodynamic balance. The single cockpit

4736-596: The sea then gave way to sand dunes and tidal marshes, destroyed by the urbanisation of the 17th and 19th centuries, identical to those of Collignon in Tourlaville. These rocks in the soil have been used for centuries in several ways: Crushed granite extracted in Querqueville and arkoses of Becquet, have been used for the manufacture of rubble ( moellon  [ fr ] ) and blocks squared for lintels . The greenschist , whose colour comes from chlorite and sericite , are used mainly for roofing in Nord-Cotentin, but also masonry in Cherbourg. The Armorican sandstone of

4810-439: The station to Lisieux via Caen and to Rennes via Saint-Lô . Intercités services to Paris-Saint-Lazare take three hours on average. From July 2009 to December 2010, a TGV Cherbourg – Dijon service operated, via Mantes and Roissy TGV . With one daily round-trip, it operated experimentally for three years and gave the people of Cherbourg direct access by rail to France's primary airport. The service ceased prematurely, as

4884-492: The trials on Tuesday 30 September, leaving only seven aircraft to end with officially recognised performances. Prize winners The Air Ministry first prize was won by Maurice Piercey flying the Beardmore "Wee Bee" (No. 4). The runner up was the Bristol Brownie (No. 1) flown by Cyril Unwins. These were the only two aircraft reliable enough to complete the high speed tests, reaching 70.1 mph (112.8 km/h) and 65.2 mph (104.9 km/h) respectively. The Brownie also won

4958-456: The winner and £1,000 for the runner-up. In addition, there was a £500 prize for the best combined take-off and landing performance from the Duke of Sutherland, with £100 for the runner-up and a £300 reliability prize from the Society of Motor Manufacturers and the British Cycle and Motor-cycle Manufacturers' and Traders' Union, awarded to the aircraft that flew the most laps during the week. The 1924 entrants were: Only eight of these survived

5032-423: The £500 Abdulla Prize, donated by the Abdulla Tobacco Co. for the greatest speed over two laps of the same circuit and £150 each from the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders and the British Cycle and Motor Cycle Manufacturers and Trade Unions for the greatest number of completed circuits during the whole competition. Sir Charles Wakefield of Wakefield Oil ( Castrol ) offered £100 for the machine that attained

5106-414: The £500 take-off and landing prize, with the Cygnet II (No.15) running up. The slow Cranwell CLA.2 (No.3) went the furthest and flew for longest, winning the £300 reliability prize. It covered 762.5 miles (1,227 km) in almost 18 hours flying. Cygnet No. 14 is exhibited in non-flying condition at the RAF Museum , Cosford, Shropshire . The 1926 trials were held at Lympne in September 1926. The aim of

5180-415: Was complemented by the Tue-Vâques  [ fr ] which served from Cherbourg to Val de Saire between 1911 and 1950. Today, the Intercités Paris-Caen-Cherbourg line is the most profitable in its class with profit over €10 million per year despite numerous incidents and delays. Regular services operate to Paris-Saint-Lazare via Caen using Intercités stock, local TER services operate from

5254-408: Was merged into the new commune of Cherbourg-en-Cotentin on 1 January 2016. Cherbourg is protected by Cherbourg Harbour , between La Hague and Val de Saire , and the city has been a strategic position over the centuries, disputed between the English and French. Cited as one of the "keys to the kingdom" by Vauban , it became, by colossal maritime development work, a first-rate military port under

5328-492: Was over the wing and towards the trailing edge, with some instruments built into the wing surface. Ahead of the wing the fuselage was short, with the air-cooled 750 cc Douglas flat-twin driving a two-bladed propeller. The diminutive undercarriage had thin and small diameter wheels (12 in or 305 mm) on a single axle mounted on short vertical extensions from the lower longerons. The Handasyde monoplane made its first flight on 9 September 1923, piloted by Raynham. Despite sharing

5402-502: Was that made by Fred Raynham in a Handasyde aircraft, lasting 113 minutes, but the Frenchman Alexis Maneyrol did better in his Peyret tandem monoplane, staying up for a world record 201 minutes to win the prize. Given this demonstration of long duration unpowered flight it is not surprising that people began to consider the possibilities of glider-like aircraft, fitted with small engines, as sports aircraft for

5476-422: Was the motor-glider competition. The Duke of Sutherland , at that time Under-Secretary of State for Air got the competition moving, offering a prize of £500 for the most economical British aircraft. The Daily Mail offered a similar economy prize of £1000 for a flight of more than 50 miles over a 12.5-mile triangular course, powered by an engine of less than 750 cc capacity but for an aircraft from any nation. As

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