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53-559: The group's website explains the name thus: 'Hanover' signifies the Hanoverian period 1714-1830 and 'Band' is the 18th century term for orchestra. Its principal and guest conductors and directors have included Monica Huggett , Sir Charles Mackerras , Roy Goodman , Anthony Halstead , Nicholas McGegan , Graham Lea-Cox, Richard Egarr , Nicholas Kraemer , Paul Brough , Andrew Arthur and Benjamin Bayl. The Hanover Band has appeared at

106-710: A Renaissance chateau, integrated into a bastion fortress based on the Italian model. In 1582 when the counts of Hoya died out, the larger part of the county went to Calenberg. In 1584 Calenberg also acquired the Diepholz . After Eric's death in 1584 Calenberg-Göttingen was again ruled by the Wolfenbüttel line of the Welfs. In the Thirty Years' War the brother of Duke Frederick Ulrich , "mad" Christian , brought

159-809: A car accident in 1912; the father renounced Brunswick in favour of his younger son Ernest Augustus , who married the Kaiser's daughter Victoria Louise the same year, swore allegiance to the German Empire and was allowed to ascend the throne of the Duchy in November 1913. He was a major-general during the First World War , but he was overthrown as Duke of Brunswick in 1918. His father was also deprived of his British titles in 1919 for "bearing arms against Great Britain". After having left Brunswick Palace ,

212-592: A descendant of King James VI and I , assumed the throne of Great Britain and Ireland , marking the beginning of Hanoverian rule over the British Empire . At the end of his line, Queen Victoria 's death in 1901, the throne of the United Kingdom passed to her eldest son Edward VII , a member of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , through his father Albert, Prince Consort . The last reigning members of

265-605: A fortress. He had the former Franciscan friary , built around 1300, converted into the Leineschloss , which from then on served as a residence for the sovereigns of the principality. After his death in 1641 a separate peace was hastily concluded with the emperor, which had to be paid for by the return of the land acquired during the Hildesheim Diocesan Feud . George's sons, Christian Louis , George William , John Frederick and Ernest Augustus then ruled

318-457: A great fragmentation of Welf territory. In 1400 the Vogtei of Calenberg went to the Wolfenbüttel line of the Welfs. In 1408 and 1409 they were able to purchase the county of Everstein and the lordship of Homburg after the extinction of their reigning families. These were added to the Vogtei of Calenberg. In a further Welf inheritance in 1432 - the ninth according to Gudrun Pischke - the area

371-532: A hitherto overlooked (and since repealed) provision of the Sophia Naturalization Act 1705 . According to the decision taken by a court of the House of Lords , all family members bear the last name Guelph in the UK and are styled Royal Highnesses in their documents. Many towns and provinces across the British Empire were named after the ruling House of Hanover and its members. They include

424-461: A temporary council of regency to take over at the Duke's death and, if necessary, to appoint a regent. The Duke of Cumberland proclaimed himself Duke of Brunswick at the Duke's death, and lengthy negotiations ensued but were never resolved. Prince Albert of Prussia was appointed regent. After his death in 1906, Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg succeeded him. The Duke of Cumberland's eldest son died in

477-652: The Carnegie Hall , Amsterdam Concertgebouw , Bridgewater Hall (Manchester), South Bank Centre , Royal Albert Hall and Wigmore Hall , among many other venues. They have toured the UK many times, made ten tours of the United States and performed in Canada, Mexico, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, France, Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Netherlands, Norway, Greece & Turkey. The orchestra made its debut in China, in

530-503: The Duke of Cumberland . In 1901, when Queen Victoria, the last British monarch provided by the House of Hanover, died, her son and heir Edward VII became the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . Edward took his family name from that of his father, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha . After the death of William IV in 1837, the following kings of Hanover continued

583-730: The Hanoverian Army and foreign policy. From 1814, when Hanover became a kingdom following the Napoleonic Wars , the British monarch was also King of Hanover . Upon the death of William IV in 1837, the personal union of the thrones of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended. Succession to the Hanoverian throne was regulated by semi-Salic law (agnatic-cognatic), which gave priority to all male lines before female lines, and so it passed not to Queen Victoria but to her uncle,

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636-609: The Hildesheim Diocesan Feud in 1519 he was initially defeated militarily in the Battle of Soltau . Diplomatically, however, he was able to win a ruling from the Emperor Charles V that saw a large part of the Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim added to his domain. Eric I was hostile to the emerging Protestant Reformation . His second wife, Elisabeth of Brandenburg , however, whom he married in 1525, switched over to

689-533: The House of Welf became extinct. By semi-Salic law , the House of Hanover would have acceded to the Duchy of Brunswick , but there had been strong Prussian pressure against having George V of Hanover or his son, the Duke of Cumberland , succeed to a member state of the German Empire, at least without strong conditions including the swearing to the German constitution. By a law of 1879, the Duchy of Brunswick established

742-463: The Thirty Years' War , the Peace of Westphalia (1648) awarded the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück alternately to a Catholic bishop and to a cadet branch of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Since the treaty gave cadets priority over heirs and reigning princes, Osnabrück became a form of appanage (in alternation) of the House of Hanover. Osnabrück was mediatized to Hanover in 1803. In 1884, the senior branch of

795-688: The Welf prince, Henry the Lion , he lost his ducal lands in Saxony and Bavaria. However, in 1235, Henry's grandson, Otto the Child , was promoted to the rank of prince as a result of the reconciliation between the Houses of Hohenstaufen and Welf and was given the allodial estates of the family claimed by them in the area between Lüneburg and Brunswick as the new and independent Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg . In

848-632: The Weser , well beyond the Deister. The city of Hanover was largely independent of Welf territorial lordship, even though it was not formally a free imperial city . Not until George of Calenberg , who had been a successful general in the Thirty Years War , chose the city as his Residenz in 1636 could Hanover also be viewed as part of the Principality of Calenberg. Calenberg Castle

901-498: The 17th century. Its members, known as Hanoverians , ruled Hanover , Great Britain , Ireland , and the British Empire at various times during the 17th to 20th centuries. Originating as a cadet branch of the House of Welf in 1635, also known then as the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg , the Hanoverians ascended to prominence with Hanover's elevation to an Electorate in 1692. In 1714 George I , prince-elector of Hanover and

954-565: The Beijing Festival in May 2017. The Hanover Band has made 176 recordings on Nimbus Records , Hyperion Records , Sony , EMI Eminence, RCA and other labels, including a complete cycle of the orchestral works of Johann Christian Bach for cpo . House of Hanover The House of Hanover ( German : Haus Hannover German pronunciation: [haʊ̯s haˈnoːfɐ] ) is a European royal house with roots tracing back to

1007-464: The Calenberg line of the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg . In the new territory so formed, the name Calenberg was increasingly used for both parts of the state. For the period under Eric I and his son, Eric II , however, the name "Principality of Calenberg-Göttingen" was also used a lot. The principality had separate parliamentary Estates and separate councils for each part. The chancellery for Unterwald

1060-566: The Calenbergs also inherited Saxe-Lauenburg . Ernest Augustus switched to the side of the emperor and introduced primogeniture , contrary to the direction of his father. In 1692 for his services to the emperor, Ernest Augustus was rewarded after a long struggle with the title of the ninth electorate . Officially he was now the Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg and his government was called the "Electoral Brunswick-Lüneburg Government". In 1705 it

1113-599: The Deister range and the Leine river, as well as the former County of Wölpe , the lordship of Hallermund near Springe and the Homburg and Everstein dominions. As the Welf princes all carried the ducal title and the territories they ruled were principalities within the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg , their dominions were named after the main castle or town. William spent most of his time at Calenberg Castle from where he administered

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1166-598: The Elder from the Middle House of Lüneburg received the Principality of Calenberg-Göttingen. After his death in 1636 his younger brother George became its ruler. He was successful as a general on the Swedish side and he also succeeded in 1637 in recovering the country and especially the towns for the Welfs. He initially ruled out of occupied Hildesheim, but then moved his residence to Hanover , which he also had built as

1219-478: The House of Hanover have been: The family has been resident in Austria since 1866 and thus took on Austrian nationality besides their German and British. Since the later king Ernest Augustus had been created Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale and Earl of Armagh by his father George III in 1799, these British peerages were inherited by his descendants. In 1914 the title of a Prince of Great Britain and Ireland

1272-399: The House of Hanover lost the Duchy of Brunswick in 1918 when Germany became a republic and abolished royalty and nobility. The formal name of the house was the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Hanover line . The senior line of Brunswick-Lüneburg, which ruled Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , became extinct in 1884. The House of Hanover is now the only surviving branch of the House of Welf , which is

1325-534: The House. Georgian architecture gives distinction to the architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830 in most English-speaking countries . Principality of Calenberg The Principality of Calenberg was a dynastic division of the Welf Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg established in 1432. Calenberg was ruled by the House of Hanover (from the Principality of Lüneburg ) from 1635 onwards;

1378-495: The Principality of Calenberg-Göttingen in succession. In 1665 the Principality of Grubenhagen , whose line had died out in 1596 and over which the lines of Lüneburg and Wolfenbüttel had long fought in the Imperial Chamber Court , was also finally added to the Calenberg dynasty. George's youngest son, Ernest Augustus , who ruled from 1679, carried on the successful policies of his father and his brothers. In 1689

1431-898: The U.S. and Canada named after Queen Charlotte . Furthermore the Canadian province of New Brunswick and towns Hanover, Ontario , Guelph ; Ontario, and Victoria, British Columbia ; in South Africa the town Hanover, Northern Cape , in Australia the state Victoria and the city Adelaide , in the UK six and in the US thirteen towns named Brunswick. Furthermore one each in Australia and New Zealand, and worldwide more than fifty towns named Victoria. There are also numerous streets and squares, such as Hanover Square, Westminster , Hanover Square (Manhattan) , Hanover Square, Syracuse or Queen Street, Brisbane with its intersections named after members of

1484-540: The U.S. state of Georgia , U.S. towns Hanover, Massachusetts ; Hanover, New Hampshire ; Hanover, Pennsylvania ; Hanover Township, Jo Daviess County, Illinois , counties Hanover County, Virginia ; Caroline County, Virginia ; Brunswick County, Virginia ; New Hanover County, North Carolina ; Brunswick County, North Carolina ; King George County, Virginia , places named Georgia in New Jersey (e.g. New Brunswick, NJ ), Vermont, Arkansas and South Dakota, seven towns in

1537-613: The Welfs subjugated the region. Earlier, he had yielded to the Bishop of Hildesheim and accepted the city of Hanover as his fief. However, he shook off his allegiance and founded Calenberg Castle , just 13 km west of Hildesheim , in a countermove in order to further reduce the power of the Bishop of Hildesheim in the Hanover area. Administratively, this area was initially still called the Vogtei of Lauenrode, after Lauenrode Castle on

1590-496: The current head of the house, also called Ernest Augustus , continues to claim. He has the right to petition under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917 for the restoration of his ancestors' suspended British peerages Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale and Earl of Armagh , but he has not done so. His father, another Ernest Augustus , did, however, successfully claim British nationality after World War II by virtue of

1643-706: The death of William the Victorious in 1482 both sons shared the regency. In an agreement dated 1 August 1483, however, they split the rights of use ( Mutschierung ). The younger son, Frederick the Restless, was awarded the rights of use over Calenberg and Göttingen, and his brother William the Younger was awarded the rule over Wolfenbüttel. Nevertheless, in 1484/85 William deposed his brother Frederick and declared him insane. The reasons for his removal are debated; perhaps by his participation in many armed conflicts, Frederick

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1696-620: The duke and his family moved back to their exile seat Cumberland Castle at Gmunden , Austria, but in 1924 he received Blankenburg Castle and some other estates in a settlement with the Free State of Brunswick , and moved there in 1930. A few days before Blankenburg was handed over to the Red Army by British and American forces in late 1945, to become part of East Germany , the family quickly moved to Marienburg Castle (Hanover) with all their furniture, transported by British army trucks by

1749-514: The dynasty: The Kingdom of Hanover ended in 1866, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia , and the King of Hanover (and Duke of Cumberland) was forced to go into exile in Austria. The 1866 rift between the houses of Hanover and Hohenzollern was settled by the 1913 marriage of Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia to Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick , the last king's grandson. At the end of

1802-569: The foothills of the uplands in the Leine valley, Calenberg in the north was usually referred to as Unterwald ("Lower Forest"), whilst the Göttingen region was called the Oberwald ("Upper Forest"). When in 1473 William also inherited the Principality of Wolfenbüttel from his brother Henry who had left no heirs, he ceded sovereignty over Calenberg to his sons William the Younger and Frederick III , known as "the Restless" or "Turbulentus". After

1855-526: The inheritance in 1495, he described it as "the land between the River Leine and the Deister ". This geographical description, however, was never totally correct. In fact, the principality extended west of the Leine from Schulenburg as far as Neustadt am Rübenberge in the north and thus much further north than the foothills of the Deister. To the south-west the territory stretched as far as Hamelin on

1908-502: The last name. So, curiously, the British prince's title is still part of the family's last name in their German passports, while it is no longer mentioned in their British documents. On 29 August 1931, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick , as head of the House of Hanover, declared the formal resumption, for himself and his dynastic descendants, of use of his former British princely title as a secondary title of pretense , which style, "Royal Prince of Great Britain and Ireland", his grandson,

1961-475: The new doctrine in 1535 and promoted it at the court, which then resided at Münden . After Eric's death in 1540 she took over the government for their underage son, Eric II, and implemented the Reformation in the principality with the state superintendent Antonius Corvinus she had appointed. Eric II, however, converted to Roman Catholicism in 1547 even though he was raised as an Evangelical by his mother. He

2014-464: The order of King George VI . Duke Ernest Augustus died at Marienburg Castle in 1953. His Herrenhausen Palace in Hanover had been completely destroyed during World War II. His eldest son, Prince Ernest Augustus , sold his remaining property at Herrenhausen Gardens in 1961 but kept the nearby Princely House, a small palace built in 1720 by George I for his daughter Anna Louise. It is now his grandson Ernest Augustus 's private home. The later heads of

2067-562: The outskirts of Hanover, from where, the Welfs ruled the territory. With the extinction of the Lüneburg line of the Welfs, the Lüneburg War of Succession , broke out (1371–88) during which Lauenrode Castle was stormed by the citizens of Hanover and destroyed. The Vogtei was then moved to Calenberg Castle. The Welf dukes did not inherit their land by primogeniture and this resulted in the late Middle Ages in numerous Welf estates and

2120-607: The princes received the ninth electoral dignity of the Holy Roman Empire in 1692. Their territory became the nucleus of the Electorate of Hanover , ruled in personal union with the Kingdom of Great Britain from 1714 onwards. The principality received its name from Calenberg Castle , a residence of the Brunswick dukes. When Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg chose the Principality of Calenberg as his part of

2173-529: The region west of Hanover, the Welfs had but few allodial possessions and so that area was disputed between the House of Welf and the bishops of Hildesheim and Minden . It was largely ruled by comital dynasties, such as the counts of Wölpe in the northwest, the counts of Hallermund in the southwest and the counts of Rhoden in the west and in Hanover. In 1292 Duke Otto the Strict from the Lüneburg line of

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2226-520: The reign of George of Calenberg in 1636, the principality had experienced 140 years of almost continuously poor government that cared little about the state. In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance the cultural centres lay outside Calenberg in the towns of Brunswick , Hildesheim and Lüneburg . New centres were created at the residences of Wolfenbüttel and Celle . Even the city of Hanover

2279-636: The senior branch of the House of Este . The current head of the House of Hanover is Ernst August, Prince of Hanover . George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg was the first member of the House of Hanover. When the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg was divided in 1635, George inherited the Principality of Calenberg and moved his residence to Hanover. His son, Christian Louis , inherited the Principality of Lüneburg from George's brother. Calenberg and Lüneburg were then shared between George's sons until united in 1705 under his grandson, also called George, who subsequently became George I of Great Britain . All members held

2332-475: The territory. As a result, it is probable that the name of the Principality of Calenberg emerged during this time. Between 1442 and 1463 William succeeded in taking over the rule over the Brunswick Principality of Göttingen . Although unification with Calenberg initially came about purely by chance, it lasted nonetheless. In order to distinguish the two areas which were physically separated by

2385-599: The title of Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg . George Louis became the first British monarch of the House of Hanover as George I in 1714. The dynasty provided six British monarchs: Of the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland (changed in 1801 to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ): George I, George II, and George III also served as electors and dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg , informally, Electors of Hanover (cf. personal union ). They served as dual monarchs of Britain and Hanover, maintaining control of

2438-659: The war to the state. After Danish troops under King Christian IV , who was then commander of the Lower Saxon Circle , was defeated by the general of the Catholic League , Tilly in the Battle of Lutter , Tilly occupied the whole principality in 1626. Only the cities of Brunswick and Hanover could not be captured. When Duke Frederick Ulrich died childless in 1634 the Wolfenbüttel line of the Middle House of Brunswick ended with him. In 1635 Duke Augustus

2491-512: Was additionally granted to the members of the house by King George V . These peerages and titles however were suspended under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917 . However, the title Royal Prince of Great Britain and Ireland had been entered into the family's German passports, together with the German titles, in 1914. After the German Revolution of 1918–19 , with the abolishment of nobility's privileges, titles officially became parts of

2544-433: Was demolished and slighted between 1692 and 1694. Because of the link that had existed since 1463 between the principalities of Calenberg and Göttingen , the latter was also sometimes referred to as Calenberg. Today the term Calenberg Land is usually only used for the region between Hanover and the Deister. Originally the territory belonged to the Duchy of Saxony but in 1180, after the imperial ban had been imposed on

2597-482: Was divided again by the Welf dukes William the Victorious and Henry the Peaceful who had hitherto ruled jointly in the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel . While Henry retained the Wolfenbüttel lands, William was compensated with the newly created Principality of Calenberg. At that time, the lordship given to William had no name. It consisted of the rights formerly owned by the Principality of Lüneburg between

2650-411: Was enhanced further by the inheritance of the Principality of Lüneburg , whereby all the estates of the Welfs, apart from the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, became united under the line also known as the House of Hanover from which the British royal throne are descended. The Principality of Calenberg was initially a rather insignificant territory and Welf lordship developed here quite late. By

2703-591: Was established in Neustadt on Rübenberge and that for Oberwald in Münden. There were also separate residences, lordly castles or manor houses and palaces in each town as well as separate repositories for their records. Under Eric I, Calenberg Castle was expanded into a strong fortress. Another heavily fortified castle, which he had built, was the Erichsburg near Dassel on which construction began in 1527. In

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2756-436: Was not able to reverse the Reformation in the principality however. His power in the principality was already very weak. He spent most of his time as a mercenary leader abroad, and was financially dependent on the towns. In 1553 he had to secure the financial aid of his towns by approving evangelical preaching. From 1574 he had Neustadt am Rübenberge developed as a fortified town and built Landestrost Castle within its walls as

2809-470: Was seen to pose a threat to Welf rule in Calenberg and Göttingen. So William succeeded - albeit only briefly - in re-uniting the entire territory of the principalities of Calenberg, Brunswick-Göttingen and Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel . After Frederick's death in 1495, however, William again divided his territories and left the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel to his elder son Henry V . The younger son, Eric I received Calenberg and Göttingen and thus founded

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