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40-466: The original show followed a format of light entertainment , special guests, music, and information about Dutch life. Later, the show pioneered international call-in shows , in both the English and Spanish versions, during the 1970s. Happy Station was PCJJ 's and then Radio Netherlands Worldwide 's most popular programme, claiming an audience of as high as 100 million in the 1930s and 25 million in

80-544: A camp style to the programme. Myers also travelled with the show, broadcasting its 65th anniversary from a hot tub in Aruba . He retired from the show after hosting over 100 episodes, ostensibly due to his need to take several months off in order to undergo and then recuperate from surgery, but also because he felt a younger host was needed in order to bring in the younger audience Radio Netherlands wanted. "I feel too old for it all," said Myers in an interview, "I can't relate to

120-532: A Dutch-language announcer. Fluent in English, German, and French, he was appointed the host of Happy Station after the show's founder, Edward Startz, retired after 41 years. Meijer hosted English and Spanish versions of the show played over 15 hours on Sundays as it was broadcast to different areas around the globe. Under his tutelage, the show pioneered live international phone-in shows. However, its format remained largely musically based, Meijer's musical tastes were more contemporary than Startz's and tended to be in

160-404: A Radio Netherlands news bulletin at the start of the hour. Previously, Sundays were the only days on which RNW didn't broadcast news bulletins. Tom Meijer was followed as host of the English version of the show by long-time BBC and Radio Netherlands broadcaster Pete Myers from 1992 to 1993 Myers was assigned with updating the show and bringing it into the 1990s. He played rock and roll music on

200-403: A certain type of programming, which can be thematic or general, more informative or more musical, among other possibilities. Radio formats are often used as a marketing tool and are subject to frequent changes, including temporary changes called " stunting ." Except for talk radio or sports radio formats, most programming formats are based on commercial music. However the term also includes

240-483: A particular holiday and thus, with the notable exception of Christmas music (which is usually played throughout Advent ), stations going to a holiday-themed format usually only do so for a short time, typically a day or a weekend. The UK has several formats that often overlap with one another. The American terms for formats are not always used to describe British stations or fully set specified by RAJAR . Phoney war Too Many Requests If you report this error to

280-562: A positive message, rebranding the station's PCJ call letters as standing for "Peace, Cheer, and Joy", claiming that radio, and Happy Station in particular, could be a tool to promote international goodwill and world peace by using radio broadcasts to connect people across borders. A large segment of the programme was devoted to popular recorded music from western Europe and the United States, though he also tried to broaden tastes by playing "typical" music of different cultures accompanied by

320-403: A radio show, encouraging listeners to write in and devoting a segment of the programme to reading and responding to mail from listeners, an unusual feature for its time. Happy Station was intended as a respite from the news of crisis and conflict that dominated short wave radio, saying: "We believe in amusing, our listeners abroad. They are fed up with the nationalist propaganda ladled out over

360-407: A station of changing its format, for example arguing in court over whether a particular song or group of songs is "pop" or "rock". Formats constantly evolve and each format can often be sub-divided into many specialty formats. Some of the following formats are available only regionally or through specialized venues such as satellite radio or Internet radio . Seasonal formats typically celebrate

400-601: A travelogue type monologue such as accompanying The Desert Song with a descriptions of camels walking across the desert.The programme became popular since it gave listeners a chance to travel in their armchair during a period when international travel was difficult for most people and the travelogue segments eventually expanded during the Startz-era into special episodes made up of voyage by sound where Startz narrated virtual tours and cruises to distant locations assisted by sound effects, music, and narration. Startz also used

440-553: The United States where he lived for five years while attending university, and worked his way through school working as a dishwasher, waiter, and travelling salesman. In 1925, he began working as a sailor, and travelled to South America, where he picked up Spanish and Portuguese . He returned to Holland in 1928 where he found work as a translator in the marketing division of Philips at its headquarters in Eindhoven but soon

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480-598: The easy listening genre, with Meijer himself sometimes performing songs. World music would also be played. Meijer also encouraged listener interaction with the show, with a mailbag segment and a listener birthday feature, the Birthday Book, where he would wish read out the names of listeners whose birthdays coincided with that week's airdate and wish them a happy birthday. There were "No more “cuppa’s”, no more animal farm or Sousa marches, but live shows from outside locations; travel stories with sound effects, recorded on

520-480: The middle of the road (MOR) rose as a radio industry term to discern radio stations that played mainstream pop songs from radio stations whose programming was geared towards teenagers and was dominated by rock and roll , the most popular musical genre of the period in the United States and which held the first successful radio format called Top-40 . In reality, the Top-40 format was conscientiously prepared to attract

560-420: The network —began to emerge in the United States and Canada. They developed a format with programming consisting of music, news, and charismatic disc jockeys to directly attract a certain audience. For example, by the 1960s, easy listening obtained a stable position on FM radio – a spectrum considered ideal for good music and high fidelity listening as it grew in popularity during that period – and

600-426: The 1970s and 1980s, radio programming formats expanded into commercially successful variations, including, for example, adult contemporary (AC), album-oriented rock (AOR) and urban contemporary (UC), among others, which spread to most AM and FM radio stations in the United States. Over time, FM radio came to dominate music programming, while AM radio switched to news and talk formats. In some countries such as

640-474: The 1970s. Founding host Eddie Startz claimed in 1936 that the show had received one million letters and QSL cards in the eight years since it went on the air in 1928. Happy Station' s run was interrupted twice — from 1940 until 1946 due to World War II and again from 1995 when it was cancelled until its revival in 2009. The revived programme was not affiliated with Radio Netherlands Worldwide or RNW Media . The program premiered on November 19, 1928, and

680-476: The AM and FM spectrum to differentiate themselves for both audiences and advertisers. At that time, it caused a proliferation of many radio formats, which included presentation, schedule and target audience, as well as repertoire. Within a few years, FM radio stations were supplying program formats completely analogous to their AM stations counterparts, increased to more than 50% in 1970 and reached 95% in 1980. During

720-650: The British navy, 'Eddie' may be playing ' I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles ' or remarking on the fresh supply of tulips now poking through the sod." Broadcasts from the Netherlands were interrupted by the German invasion in May 1940 . Startz broadcast the events of the invasion on PCJ for four days until he was arrested. PCJ staff were ordered to destroy the powerful PCJ transmitters in hopes of preventing them from being used by

760-607: The Nazis. While the Germans used forced labour to rebuild a partially-damaged transmitter and use it for radio propaganda , Startz dropped out of broadcasting for the remainder of the war. PCJ and Startz's Happy Station resumed broadcasting in 1946, following the end of the war. In 1947, the Happy Station Show was transferred to the new Radio Netherlands Worldwide when PCJ was nationalized . Edward "Eddie" Startz presented

800-467: The Netherlands and had no involvement from Radio Netherlands Worldwide save that Perron had been given permission by RNW to use the Happy Station name. Tom Meijer, who hosted RNW's Happy Station in the 1970s and 1980s was involved as a consultant, and made occasional on-air contributions. Meijer's successor at RNW, Jonathan Groubert, also appeared as a guest on the revived show. The new program

840-586: The UK, licences to broadcast on radio frequencies are regulated by the government, and may take account of social and cultural factors including format type, local content, and language, as well as the price available to pay for the spectrum use. This may be done to ensure a balance of available public content in each area, and in particular to enable non-profit local community radio to exist alongside larger and richer national companies. On occasions format regulation may lead to difficult legal challenges when government accuses

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880-476: The air from the dictatorship countries", and "you will hear no war news from us." In 1940, during the phoney war period of World War II , The New York Times wrote of Startz and Happy Station that "While England shouts across the channel such blasts as 'Never again shall one nations plunge the whole world into war! The guilt is German's alone,' and the Reich Radio from Lord Haw Haw 's wave again sinks

920-558: The end of 1969; he died in 1976. Tom Meijer took over and hosted the English and Spanish versions from January 1970 until his own retirement in 1993. Born Thomas Hendrik Meijer on November 16, 1938, he was known as "Tom Meyer" by international audiences. Meijer was born in Amsterdam to a Swiss mother and Dutch father. In 1941, the family escaped Nazi - occupied Holland by fleeing through France , Spain and Cuba before settling on Trinidad and then Curaçao . After World War II ,

960-414: The family returned to Holland before moving to Singapore , and then returning again to Holland. Meijer studied to be a pharmacist . before switching to law , but found he preferred music and theatre. He became a semi-professional touring performer for two years, appearing occasionally on television and radio while holding down a job in international marketing. In 1965, he was hired by Radio Nederland as

1000-412: The late 1940s . American television had more financial resources to produce generalist programs that provoked the migration of countless talents from radio networks to the new medium. Under this context, the radio was pressured to seek alternatives to maintain its audience and cultural relevance. As a consequence, AM radios stations—many of which were "independent", that is not affiliated with

1040-631: The music." Jonathan Groubert, who had often acted as Myers's sidekick, took over the show in 1993 and presented it for two years until 1995 when Radio Netherlands ended the series. Jaime Báguena, hosted the Spanish version, La Estación de la Alegría , from Tom Meijer's retirement in 1992 until 1999 when it was canceled by Radio Netherlands' management. The show was popular in Latin America, and had an active following in Cuba . La Estación de la Alegría

1080-474: The news, bulletins, DJ talk, jingles, commercials, competitions, traffic news, sports, weather and community announcements between the tracks. Even before World War II , radio stations in North America and Europe almost always adopted a generalist radio format. However, the United States witnessed the growing strengthening of television over the radio as the major mass media in the country by

1120-406: The overall content broadcast on a radio station . The radio format emerged mainly in the United States in the 1950s, at a time when radio was compelled to develop new and exclusive ways to programming by competition with television . The formula has since spread as a reference for commercial radio programming worldwide. A radio format aims to reach a more or less specific audience according to

1160-660: The program from its inception until his retirement in December 1969. Startz was born Eduard Franz Conradin Startz in Neutral Moresnet in 1899. Morsenet was on the border of Belgium, Germany, and Holland and under the joint sovereignty of Belgium and Prussia (in practice, Belgium and Germany), and Startz grew up in the Dutch town of Vaals near the point where all four borders met. After finishing school, Startz moved to

1200-469: The programme for the first time, upsetting some traditional listeners who wrote in with complaints. "I played Ray Charles and got dozens of complaints!" Myers said. "They said "Who IS this Ray Charles?" "The old listeners want clogs, windmills, that kind of Dutch stuff. But right from my first programme I said "It's sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll from now on'. The young ones all want that from Holland...You choose your cliches really," he added. Myers also brought

1240-399: The show, as well as overseas tours he undertook to promote it, to encourage listeners to "keep in touch with the Dutch", and aimed to spread knowledge of Dutch life, traditions, geography and culture as well as an idealized and positive portrayal of Dutch colonialism. Under Startz, Happy Station was 90 minutes long and was for many years broadcast not only on Sunday but several other days of

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1280-404: The spot by Meyer; the famous “birthday-book”; dramatized Easter Egg Hunts; and to top it all: live inter-continental telephone call-in shows" The show also ran a pen pal club encouraging listeners across the world to write each other. The show was cut down from 80 minutes to 50 minutes in 1977, along with other RNW programming. In the 1990s, Happy Station was again shortened in order to accommodate

1320-479: The week; in 1964 it was reduced to 80 minutes. A typical show would be composed of musical entertainment and announcements in several languages, "Spotlight on Holland" featuring light news items about the Netherlands, the Mailbag during which Startz would read and answer listener mail from around the world, and a musical signoff. Startz was an early example of a broadcaster who encouraged the audience to interact with

1360-682: The young audience, who was the main consumer of the records sold by the American record industry at that time. Soon, playlists became central to programming and radio formats, although the number of records in a playlist really depends on the format. By the mid-1960s, American FM radio's penetration began achieving balance with AM radio since the Federal Communications Commission required that co-owned AM and FM stations be programmed independently from each other. This resulted in huge competition between radio stations in

1400-433: Was broadcast first by the private Philips Radio station PCJJ (later PCJ), and from 1947 by Radio Netherlands . Separate English and Spanish versions were broadcast around the world on shortwave. Popular music from Europe and various other countries was mixed with vintage recordings and multilingual light patter, switching back and forth in up to seven languages each Sunday. According to presenter Eddy Startz: "I

1440-481: Was also transmitted globally through podcasting and Internet streaming audio. The producer and presenter of this version was Canadian expatriate Keith Perron, who in the past had been employed or worked freelance for Radio Canada International , Radio Havana Cuba , China Radio International , Radio Netherlands , the BBC World Service and other shortwave broadcasters. The new programme was not produced in

1480-510: Was hired as an announcer at PCJJ, which had just begun broadcasting as part of Philips' international marketing campaign to promote the sale of radio receivers, and where his multilingualism was an asset. A German national by birth, he became a Dutch citizen in 1936 and general manager of PCJ in 1938. Although the retirement age in Holland is 65, Startz continued broadcasting Happy Station until his 70s and reluctantly retired from Happy Station at

1520-516: Was playing sambas and rumbas before anyone here had ever heard of them." Startz would begin every episode with the Dutch national anthem followed by a John Philip Sousa march. At some point during each programme, he would tap a teacup with a spoon and play his signature tune , “A Nice Cup of Tea” by Henry Hall to introduce the show's mail call segments. Startz had a light, friendly, and informal presentation style and used Happy Station to promote

1560-682: Was produced in Taipei , and an over-the-air version was broadcast on shortwave from WRMI's transmitters in Okeechobee, Florida in the United States and intermittently on various other shortwave relays. The show continued as a weekly podcast and internet radio show as well as being syndicated to various FM and medium wave partner stations in up to 37 countries around the world. The show's final edition aired on 27 December 2020. Radio format A radio format or programming format (not to be confused with broadcast programming ) describes

1600-517: Was replaced by a similar program, Cartas @ RN , which was hosted by Baguena but had a running time of 25 minutes instead of 55 minutes. Buguena was succeeded as the show's presenter by Sergio Acosta from 2010 until the show ended in June 2012 due to the closure of Radio Netherlands as a shortwave service. On March 12, 2009, the program was resurrected as an independent broadcast produced by Taiwan-based PCJ Media via Radio Miami International ( WRMI ), which

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