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44-588: This movement was ushered in by the Haridasas ( lit "servants of Lord Hari ") and took shape in the 13th century – 14th century CE period, prior to and during the early rule of the Vijayanagara Empire . The main objective of this movement was to propagate the Dvaita philosophy of Madhvacharya ( Madhva Siddhanta ) to the masses through a literary medium known as Dasa Sahitya ( lit "literature of

88-426: A few of those prominent saints. The oldest mention of Pandharpur is from 516 CE from Rashtrakuta era copper plate inscription. Yadava Kings in 11th and 12 the century gave numerous donations to the temple as evident from the inscriptions. In the era of Adilshahi , most of the town was destroyed by Afzal Khan . Saints from all across Maharashtra still gathered here for annual pilgrimage and thus Pandharpur became

132-831: A framework for imparting formal training in the art form. The structure and lessons he formulated four centuries ago remain the foundation for all students of Carnatic music. Apart from Purandara Dasa, several later Haridasas' composed songs adhering to the same musical and philosophical traditions. Their compositions usually fell in one of the following categories: Padagalu (or Devaranama - devotional hymns), Kriti , Ugabhoga , Suladi , Vruttanama , Dandaka , Tripadi (three line poetry), Pattadi , Sangathya and Ragale (lyrical verses in blank verse). These forms of composition are still prevalent in South India and especially in Karnataka . Though these compositions usually adhere to

176-645: A population of 98,000. Males constituted 52% of the population and females, 48%. 71% of the population was literate; 78% males and 64% females. Marathi is the official and main language of people. It is a major holy place in Maharashtra and it is also called South Kashi (Dakshin Kashi) in Maharashtra. It is famous for the Lord Vitthala temple situated on the bank of Bhima river. Bhima river is also known as Chandrabhaga as it takes shape like crescent moon near

220-466: A significant contribution towards Kannada literature by spawning a whole corpus of devotional literature in the form of verses, hymns and musical compositions, popularizing the Dvaita philosophy postulated by Saint Madhvacharya. The literature that originated from this devotional movement is called Dasa Sahitya (or dasara padagalu - literature of the dasas ). These various compositions are generally called as Devaranamas (literally meaning names of

264-409: Is "Mahadwar ghat". There is temple of Bhakta Pundalika on the ghāt. It is said that Krishna came to Pandharpur to meet his disciple Bhakta Pundalīk a who was busy serving his parents that time .He offered brick called viṭ in maraṭhi to Krishna and requested him to wait standing on the brick for sometime till he attends his parents. The same Krishna is standing on the brick for last 28 yuga and thus

308-642: Is a popular pilgrimage town , on the banks of Chandrabhagā River , near Solapur city in Solapur District , Maharashtra , India . Its administrative area is one of eleven tehsils in the District, and it is an electoral constituency of the state legislative assembly ( vidhan sabha ). The Vithoba temple attracts about a million Hindu pilgrims during the major yātrā (pilgrimage) in Ashadha (June–July). A small temple of Śri Vitthala-Rukmini

352-501: Is also knows as Vitthala. So in ārati of vitthal it is mentioned " yuge atṭhāvis (28), viṭhevari ubhā ". There are other many ancient scriptures which elaborate the importance of Vitthala. Chandogya Upanishad : The fourth chapter of the Chandogya Upanishad , has one of the source of the ancient tradition of Shri Vitthala's worship. It contains the story of King Janśhruti who mentions about his visit to Pandharpur when he

396-794: Is also located, which is as old as the main Vitthala-Rukmini Mandir, in Isbavi area of Pandharpur known as Wakhari Va Korti Devalayas and also known as Visava Mandir. The Bhakti Saint, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu , is said to have spent a period of 7 days in city at the Vithobha Temple. It is said that the deity Vithoba has been worshipped by many saints of Maharashtra. Sant Dnyaneshwar , Sant Tukārām , Sant Nāmdev , Sant Eknāth , Sant Nivruttināth, Sant Muktābai , Sant Chokhāmel̥ā , Sant Savatā Māli, Sant Narhari Sonār , Sant Gorā Kumbhār , Sant Meerā Bai and Sant Gajānan Mahāraj are

440-546: Is as holy as Gayā , and Pandharpur is as holy as Kāśī . Therefore, a trip to Pandharpur could result in the blessings of the pilgrimage to these three locations. This is where Gaya śhraddha and Kāshi yātra rituals can be carried out. Skanda Purana : Shiva narrates to Pārvati, "This place is spiritually fruitful three times more than Puṣhkara , six times more than Kedārnāth , ten times more than Vārānasi and many more times than Śriśaila . Performing Yātra, Vāri , and Dān have great merit at this place. There are four gates on

484-570: Is daily popular train. Kolhapur-Nagpur express is available twice a week on Monday and Friday. Daily direct train from Sangli railway station to Pandharpur is also available daily night which is Sangli-Miraj-Parli Vaijnath express. Every Friday there is a train to Yeshwantpur(Bangalore), Daily there is a train to Mysore Via: Vijayapura, Gadag, Hubballi & Bengaluru. The best option is nearest Solapur junction (75 km) which possess great connectivity to both north and south India. Many travellers also prefer to get down at Sangli railway station which

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528-566: Is explained in Varāha samhitā of Padma Purana . Devrishi Nārada narrates to Ādiśeṣa about arrival of Pānduranga in Pandharpur, It explains the background and significance of Vitthala's brick-standing at Pandharpur and origin of the Bhima River. Additionally, it provides information on Pandharpur's different gods and deities. Neera Narasinḥpur is as holy as Prayāga , Korti or Vishnupad

572-545: Is listed below: The Haridasa movement developed the Carnatic music tradition as a distinct art form from the Hindustani style there by heralding a renaissance in the world of Indian classical music . Purandara Dasa , one of the foremost of Haridasas' is known as the "Father of carnatic music" ( Karnataka Sangeeta Pitamaha ) for his invaluable contributions to this art form. He was a prolific composer. Historians propose

616-585: Is located in the central part of city and at just 1 km distance from Shri Vitthala-Rukmini Temple. Direct services to almost all parts of Maharashtra are available with highest frequency to the cities of Solapur, Sangli and Pune. When it comes to other states, daily buses are available to different parts of Karnataka(mostly north Karnataka) and Hyderabad. Apart from this many private bus services operate daily between Pandharpur to Pune and Pandharpur to Sangli . Pandharpur railway station has daily trains to nearest Kurduwadi and Miraj junction. Miraj-Kurduwadi train

660-502: Is regarded to reside here with his nine celestial attributes. Vimalā, Uttkarshani, Dyan, Kriyā, Yoga, Pavi, Satyā, Eshana, and Anugraha are the names of those nine powers. Garuḍh (the eagle) stands in front of the Pānduranga statue, with Brahmā and Sanakadika to its right and the eleven Rudras and Shiva to its left. All of the gods, including Indra , are applauding Panduranga from behind the idol. This ancient text goes into detail about

704-712: Is the Name (of the Lord); rare are those who, as Gurmukh , obtain it. (SGGS, Ang.1313) In the Varan Bhai Gurdas , an early explanation and interpretation of Sikh theology, Bhai Gurdas also associates the name "ਹਰਿ" (Hari) in the form of Hari Krishan in the Dwapur Yuga with the letter "ਹ" (h) in "ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ" (Waheguru). However, in the context of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib , the name "Hari" refers to

748-455: Is well known that the great Vaishnava religious devotionalism called Dasa Kuta found its organizational base and started to produce large congregation of devotees in the Karnataka region, largely due to the Vedanta (philosophy) propounded in the 13th century by Madhvacharya of Udupi (1238 - 1317 CE). The Haridasas' who propagated the philosophy of Madhvacharya belonged to two groups;

792-680: The Alvar saints of Tamil Nadu (10th century). Later, Vallabhacharya in Gujarat and Guru Chaitanya were influenced by the teachings of Madhvacharya . Chaitanya's devotees started the International Society for Krishna Consciousness - known colloquially as the Hare Krishna Movement. The Haridasas were saints, some of whom were wandering bards, and considered themselves as slaves of their supreme lord - Hari. While

836-625: The Dasakuta , those who conveyed the philosophy of Madhvacharya in simple and lucid Kannada to the masses, and the Vyasakuta , those who were required to be proficient in the Vedas , Upanishads and other Darshana (scriptures). During this period, this movement became a strong spiritual force which helped a resurgence of a strong Hindu sentiment in Southern India, when Northern India

880-416: The kavya style. Jagannathadasa, Vijaya Dasa and Gopaladasa etc., are more well known among a galaxy of composers who made rich contributions to Kannada literature. The compositions can be broadly classified under one of the following three types: Each Haridasa had a unique ankita nama , or pen-name, with which they 'signed' all their compositions. The pen names of some of the most well known Haridasas

924-640: The one monotheistic God of Sikhism , as similar to "Hari" is used in Vaishnavism for Parabrahman as well. However Sarabloh Granth and Dasam Granth call Krishna as Hari several times. Krishna creates several Krishna during his avatar during Ras Leela which is what Guru Ram Das mentioned in Adi Granth that Hari himself creates several Kanha for the Gopis and he himself becomes those Gopis. Pandharapur Pandharpur (Pronunciation: [pəɳɖʱəɾpuːɾ] )

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968-467: The 17th and 18th centuries in and around Raichur District . Some of the noted saints from this era were Guru Raghavendra , Vijaya Dasa , Gopala Dasa , Jagannatha Dasa , Prasanna Venkata Dasa, Pranesha Dasa, Venugopala Dasa also known as Panganama Timmanna Dasa , Mahipathi Dasa, Mohanna Dasa, Helevanakatte Giriamma and Harapanhalli Bhimavva. The history of the Haridasa movement from the 13th century to

1012-662: The 650th name of Vishnu in the Vishnu Sahasranama of the Mahabharata and is considered to be of great significance in Vaishnavism . The Sanskrit word " हरि " (Hari) is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root "* ǵʰel- to shine; to flourish; green; yellow" which also gave rise to the Persian terms zar 'gold', Greek khloros 'green', Slavic zelen 'green' and zolto 'gold', as well as

1056-516: The English words yellow and gold . The same root occurs in other Sanskrit words like haridrā , ' turmeric ', named for its yellow color. In Hinduism, beginning with Adi Sankara 's commentary on the Vishnu sahasranama , hari became etymologized as derived from the verbal root hṛ "to grab, seize, steal", in the context of Vaishnavism interpreted as "to take away or remove evil or sin", and

1100-468: The Haridasa movement is not clearly known, with some legends indicating there were holy men and kings who espoused this form of devotion as early as the 9th century. The Haridasas' songs attribute Sripadaraya as the movement's true founder in the 15th century, despite the Srikurmam inscription suggesting that Narahari Tirtha , the direct disciple of Madhvacharya may have been its originator. However it

1144-435: The Haridasa movement whereas the epithet "great trinity of Vaishnava composers" from Karnataka goes to Sripadaraya, Purandaradasa and Kanakadasa, though it is difficult to separate literature, music, devotion from their composite writings. The center of their activity in the 15th–16th century was Hampi , the royal centre of Vijayanagara , the regal capital of Vijayanagara empire. The Haridasa movement gained further impetus in

1188-554: The Lord ) and are sung in the praise of the god Vishnu. These compositions have the concept of Hari Bhakti (devotion to God) at their core and they usually revolve around references to Hindu mythology and the Dvaita philosophy. Some Haridasas' such as Purandara Dasa and Kanaka Dasa also composed several Devaranamas using day-to-day episodes, morals and virtues as the central theme. These compositions were in simple Kannada language since

1232-850: The bank of Bhima in present-day Maharashtra , the Vittala Swami temples at Hampi in Karnataka and the Srinivasa temple on Tirumala hills in Andhra Pradesh , Raghavendra Swamy Mutt in Mantralaya , Lord Shri Krishna in Udupi , Shri ChennaKeshava Temple in Belur , and almost all ancient Vaishnavite temples are considered the pivotal in the Haridasa context. The Haridasas' generally hailed from places in present-day Karnataka , but there were some exceptions such as Jayatirtha who

1276-518: The carnatic style of music, some of these compositions have also been sung in the Hindustani style by musicians such as Bhimsen Joshi and Gangubai Hangal . Hari Hari ( Sanskrit : हरि ) is among the primary epithets of the Hindu preserver deity Vishnu , meaning 'the one who takes away' (sins). It refers to the one who removes darkness and illusion, the one who removes all obstacles to spiritual progress. The name Hari also appears as

1320-400: The deity, along with Dhaumya Rishi and Yudhiṣhṭhira and all of his brothers. In Pandharpur, Rukmini served the deity and gave birth to Pradyumna . The effects of the river Bhima's entry into Pandhari, Pandhari's protector Shri Bhairava , the devotee Muktakeshi's meditation, and her acceptance by God are all detailed in this scripture. According to the 2011 census of India, Pandharpur had

1364-661: The dāsas"). Prominent Hindu philosophers, poets and scholars such as Sripadaraya , Vyasathirtha , Vadirajatirtha , Purandara Dasa and Kanaka Dasa played an important role during this time. Though the movement found its roots in the Kannada country and later spread to other parts of South India, it was a net result of earlier devotional movements such as the Veerashaiva movement (of Vachana literature in Kannada) of northern Karnataka led by Basavanna (12th century) and

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1408-558: The heart of the devotional movement which laid to the social-religious reform. This resulted in new social synthesis which later paved the foundation of Maratha Empire . In the second half of the 18th century under the Marathas the temple and town was rebuilt under the Peshwas of Pune, Scindia of Gwailor and Holkar of Indore. Mahadwar is main locality in the city and a market place. Mahadwar leads to main ghāt of Pandharpur that

1452-411: The importance and advantages of various temple rituals, including taking refuge in the temple's shadow, performing Pānduranga darshan, praising Panduranga in front of him, dancing in the rangshala, visiting the temple for darshan during dhupārti, cleaning the temple grounds, etc.The text clarifies the significance of the Pandharpur shrines Kundal Tirtha and Padma Tirtha. Balarāma also arrived and served

1496-677: The main objective of this movement was to take the devotional movement to the common man. In doing so, the common people were also educated in the importance of consciousness ( jnana ), devotion ( bhakti ), ethics and Hindu religion. Their hymns ( padas ) set to various musical tones ( ragas ) aroused fervor among the masses. As advocates of religious reform, the Haridasas' propounded the virtues of detachment ( vairagya ). Similes and metaphors found in their songs and hymns were used to great effect in achieving this. In addition to devotional songs, Kanaka Dasa authored five literary classical writings in

1540-488: The movement was mainly heralded by the Brahmins , it was a devotional one whose ideals and thoughts pervaded and received noteworthy contributions from all sections of society. The Haridasa movement can be considered as a part of a larger Bhakti movement whose devotional inspiration to the masses lasted over a millennium. The Haridasa movement made significant contribution to Kannada devotional literature. The origin of

1584-473: The name of Vishnu rendered as "he who destroys samsara ", which is the entanglement in the cycle of birth and death, along with ignorance, its cause; compare hara as a name of Shiva , translated as "seizer" or "destroyer". The name "ਹਰਿ" (Hari) is frequently used as a name for Waheguru in the Sri Guru Granth Sahib : ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਹੈ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਾਵੈ ਕੋਇ ॥ Hari, Hari, Hari, Hari

1628-625: The number of his compositions in the Kannada language were as many as 75,000 - 475,000, though only few hundreds are available today. He composed several Kirtane which later served as the foundation for the Kriti form, elaborated and perfected by the Trinity of Carnatic music . He codified and consolidated the teaching of Carnatic music by evolving several graded steps such as sarali , jantai , thattu varisai , alankara and geetham , and laid down

1672-525: The originator of this devotional movement, the songs of the Haridasas' give credit to Sripadaraya as the real founder of the movement in the 15th century. Famous Saints & Haridasas from the Madhvacharya order during the Vijayanagar empire period were: Sripadaraya, Vyasatirtha and Vadirajatirtha are called "three great saints" ( yathi raja trayaru , as they were accorded royal patronage) in

1716-498: The outside and inside of this building. Only via these gates may a person enter a city and they must bend their heads to the deity of these revered gates. Goddess Sarasvati is to the east, Siddheshvar of Machanoor is to the south, Bhuvaneshvar is to the west, and Mahiśhāsūrmardini is to the north at the internal gate. To the east of the exterior gates are Trivikarms of Ter, Koteshvar of Krishnatir Shorpalaya Kśhetra, Mahālakśhmī of Kolhāpur and Narsinḥa of Neera narasinhapur. Vishnu

1760-446: The present day is the history of spreading Hari bhakti (devotion to Hari or Vishnu) to the common man and in that purpose contributed immensely to Kannada literature and to the development of Kannada language. Both the Haridasa and Veerashaiva movements pervade the length and breadth of Karnataka and exert ennobling influences upon the neighboring provinces of Andhra Pradesh , Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra . Haridasa movement made

1804-589: The town and hence gets the name. There are 4 yatra's (vaari- gathering of pilgrims/devotees) per year, Chaitri, Ashadhi, Kartiki and Maghi, of which Ashadhi and Kartiki are the main ones. Devotees come from all over Maharashtra, Karnataka and some part of Tamil Nadu They usually come walking hundred of miles, all the way from their hometown. Pandharpur is 76 km from Solapur , 136 km from Sangli , 210 km from Pune and 360 km from Mumbai . Pandharpur possesses good connectivity with rest of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Telangana by road. MSRTC bus station

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1848-444: Was a native of Mangalvedhe near Pandharapur in modern Maharashtra and Naraharitirtha who was a native of either Andhra Pradesh or Orissa . Naraharitirtha (1281), a minister in the court of Kalinga was inducted into the Madhvacharya order. He composed many early devotional hymns in praise of Vishnu in the Kannada language, some of which are available today. While the Srikurmam inscription indicates that Naraharitirtha may have been

1892-611: Was already under Muslim rule. The Haridasas' found state patronage in the Vijayanagara Empire which at its peak, ruled over the entire Southern India . Vyasatirtha was intimately associated with the empire and was considered the family guru by King Krishnadevaraya . Haridasas' belonged to the Vaishnava school of Hinduism and worshipped Vitthala , a manifestation of the Hindu god Vishnu and all forms of Krishna (an avatar of Vishnu). The Vittalanatha temple at Pandharapura on

1936-483: Was on the way to search for Raikva.  He remarks that " He arrived at the location where the god "Vitthala," who is simply a reincarnation of Vishnu, was located on the bank of the river Bhimā. The name of this pilgrimage is Bindutirth, and the name of the local deity is Bindumādhav. There the God who gives the blessings of material and spiritual prosperity still lives." Padma Purana : The meaning of Pānduranga or Viṭthala

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