Harmony Korine (born January 4, 1973) is an American filmmaker, actor, photographer, artist, and author. His methods feature an erratic, loose and transgressive aesthetic, exploring taboo themes and incorporating experimental techniques, and works with art, music, fashion and advertising.
103-460: Korine's career began when he wrote the screenplay for the Larry Clark film Kids (1995), which was followed by his directorial debut, Gummo (1997). His films typically explore unconventional narratives and themes of dysfunctional families, and also include Mister Lonely (2007), Spring Breakers (2012), The Beach Bum (2019), and Aggro Dr1ft (2023). Korine founded EDGLRD ,
206-507: A collage of perspectives. This is often presented experimentally, with many of Korine's films incorporating Polaroids , Super 8 , 35mm film and VHS recordings, such as in Gummo and Julien Donkey-Boy . Improvisation is also an important filmmaking technique for Korine, as a way to maintain his films as "living thing[s]." Korine has described the social, psychological and subcultural aspects of his films as constituting what he describes as
309-540: A boy burying his dog, kids in satanic dress vomiting on a Bible , and a man in blackface dancing and singing " My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean ". It utilizes some of the same actors and themes as Gummo , and can be considered a companion piece as the film utilises footage that didn't make the final cut of Gummo . The film "further disgusted critics" and solidified his status as a notoriously shocking and experimental director. Julien Donkey-Boy , released in 1999, included
412-547: A budget of $ 8.2 million, it received mixed reviews and earned $ 386,915 in its first 9 months. The film is the story of "a young American man lost in Paris. He scratches out a living as a Michael Jackson look-alike, dancing in the streets, in public parks, at tourist spots and trade shows. Different from everyone else, he feels as if he's floating between two worlds. During a show at a geriatric home Michael Jackson meets Marilyn Monroe . Haunted by her angelic beauty he follows her to
515-477: A child, Korine watched movies with his father, who rented Buster Keaton films for Korine and took him to see Werner Herzog 's Even Dwarfs Started Small (1970) in the theater. Korine reminisced that "I knew there was a poetry in cinema that I had never seen before that was so powerful." Korine spent his early childhood in the San Francisco Bay Area living with his family on a commune . In
618-773: A collection of decks, T-shirts, and sweatshirts that feature stills from the iconic film. The collection was released on May 21, 2015, in Supreme's New York, Los Angeles, and London locations and on May 23 in its Japan location. Clark has won the top prizes at the Cognac Festival du Film Policier (for Another Day in Paradise ), the Stockholm Film Festival (for Bully ) and the Rome Film Festival (for Marfa Girl ). He has also competed for
721-499: A commercial for Dior Addict Fragrance in 2014. In February 2020, Korine directed and photographed a Gucci tailoring campaign starring Tyler, the Creator , A$ AP Rocky and Iggy Pop . In 2021, Korine directed a commercial for 7-Eleven featuring the song "Fred Sanford" by hip hop duo Marlowe, which subsequently went viral. Korine has directed a number of music videos for artists such as Sonic Youth , Will Oldham , Cat Power and
824-590: A commune in the Highlands, joining her husband Charlie Chaplin and her daughter Shirley Temple . The commune is a place where everyone is famous and "no-one gets old". Here, The Pope , The Queen of the United Kingdom , Madonna , James Dean and other impersonators build a stage in the hope that the world will visit and watch them perform. Everything is beautiful. Until the world shifts, and reality intrudes on their utopian dream." Korine also appeared in
927-439: A connection between "how acquainted one is with their own mortality" and "how much they crave images of death and violence" via the media. Additionally, contributing artists to the genre often defend death metal as little more than an extreme form of art and entertainment, similar to horror films in the motion picture industry. This explanation has brought such musicians under fire from activists internationally, who claim that this
1030-460: A creative and technology company, in 2023. Korine was born to a Jewish family in Bolinas, California , the son of Eve and Sol Korine. His father was an Iranian Jewish immigrant. His father was a tapdancer and produced documentaries for PBS in the 1970s about an "array of colorful Southern characters"; he would take Korine to carnivals and circuses and taught him how to use a Bolex camera. As
1133-605: A creative and technology company, in 2023. The company is based in Miami, Florida. Korine met Chloë Sevigny in Washington Square Park in New York City during her senior year of high school in 1993. The two became close friends, which resulted in her being cast in the low-budget independent film Kids (1995). They had a romantic relationship that ended in the early 2000s though they are still friends. He
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#17328019275211236-634: A film about 24 hours in the sex- and drug-filled lives of several Manhattan teenagers in New York City during the AIDS crisis. Kids received mixed reviews at the time of its release in 1995, but has since become a significant cult film . Among others, the film features Chloë Sevigny and Rosario Dawson in their first movie roles. The film, while controversial, jumpstarted Korine's career. This put him into contact with film producer Cary Woods who budgeted about $ 1 million to produce Gummo , Korine's personal vision. In 1997, Korine wrote and directed Gummo ,
1339-537: A film based on life in Xenia, Ohio , a town devastated by a tornado in the early 1970s. Forgoing conventional narrative, Gummo is a nonlinear, fragmented series of sketches written by Korine. Only five experienced actors worked on the movie; much of the cast was found during preproduction in Tennessee. The film is notable for having unsettling, often bizarre scenes, as well as its dreamlike soundtrack, which strengthens
1442-415: A large "underground" following at the present. In the 2000s, a number of bands in the hardcore punk scene, including Black Breath and Trap Them began to incorporate elements of death metal into their sound. This was followed by a wave of bands expanding upon the death-doom style of Incantation while incorporating elements of ambient music , including Dead Congregation and Necros Christos . In
1545-425: A narrative is formed, and Korine has said that Gummo and his subsequent films were written in this fashion, striving to retain a "margin of the undefined." In 2009, he summarized an ideal setting in his aesthetic as "an abandoned parking lot and a soiled sofa on the edge [...] with a street lamp off to the side. America seems like a series of abandoned parking lots, streetlights and abandoned sofas." Ensuing from this,
1648-426: A number of Blaine's specials. He first met his wife, Rachel (Simon) Korine , a 17-year-old from Nashville , around this time. His third feature film, Mister Lonely , was co-written by his brother, Avi Korine, and starred Diego Luna , Samantha Morton , Denis Lavant , Anita Pallenberg , David Blaine , Werner Herzog and Mal Whiteley. The movie was released in 2008 and debuted at Cannes. His largest film, with
1751-660: A photographic essay titled "The Perfect Childhood" that examined the effect of media in youth culture. His photographs are part of public collections at several art museums including the Whitney Museum of American Art , Museum of Photographic Arts , and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . In 1993, Clark directed Chris Isaak 's music video " Solitary Man ". This experience developed into an interest in film direction. After publishing other photographic collections, Clark met Harmony Korine in New York City and asked Korine to write
1854-569: A police cell after punching and trying to strangle Hamish McAlpine, the head of Metro Tartan, the UK distributor for Ken Park . According to McAlpine, who was left with a broken nose, the incident arose from an argument about Israel and the Middle East, and he claims that he did not provoke Clark. In a 2016 interview, Clark discussed his lifelong struggle with drug abuse, although stating he maintained total sobriety while filmmaking. He confessed that
1957-456: A popular genre. Niche record labels like Combat , Earache , and Roadrunner began to sign death metal bands at a rapid rate. Since then, death metal has diversified, spawning several subgenres. Melodic death metal combines death metal elements with those of the new wave of British heavy metal . Technical death metal is a complex style, with uncommon time signatures, atypical rhythms, and unusual harmonies and melodies. Death-doom combines
2060-413: A rating when Disney bought Miramax. Ken Park is a more sexually and violently graphic film than Kids , including a scene of auto-erotic asphyxiation and ejaculation by an emotionally rattled high-school boy (portrayed by James Ransone , then in his early 20s). In Australia, Ken Park was banned for its graphic sexual content and a protest screening held in response was immediately shut down by
2163-417: A revolution in the language of cinema." Korine was initially frequently labeled as an enfant terrible and was often accused of exploitation and self-indulgence; he responded in 1997, asking "How can an artist be expected not to be self-indulgent? That's the whole thing that's wrong with filmmaking today [...] To me, art is one man's voice, one idea, one point-of-view, coming from one person." Korine feels there
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#17328019275212266-489: A sense of emptiness and despair. Typically, electric guitars are heavily distorted and dark ambient aspects such as keyboards or synthesizers are often used to create a dreamlike atmosphere. Vocals consist of mournful chants or growls and are often in the background. Funeral doom was pioneered by Mournful Congregation (Australia), Esoteric (United Kingdom), Evoken (United States), Funeral (Norway), Thergothon (Finland), and Skepticism (Finland). Death 'n' roll
2369-697: A short film entitled Umshini Wam , which is a popular Zulu struggle song meaning "bring me my machine gun". The film starred Ninja and Yo-Landi of Die Antwoord . In September 2011, Korine released a short film entitled Snowballs , sponsored by the Proenza Schouler fashion label. Korine's next project was the crime drama Spring Breakers , which was produced in 2012 in Florida , and starred James Franco , Selena Gomez , Vanessa Hudgens , Ashley Benson , and Korine's wife, Rachel Korine . In looking at early scenes being filmed and in speaking toward
2472-634: A side of the artist's creative process that remains largely unexamined. Depicting an unnamed, mysterious young girl moving through a televised landscape of shifting contexts, Pigxote further illustrates Korine's interest in replacing plot lines and expected narrative tropes with intuitively arranged "experiential moments." They also provide a unique insight into the poetic mind of Nashville's most compelling prodigal son." In 2003 his works were presented at an exhibition at agnès b 's Galerie du jour in Paris, with whom Korine has often been associated. In 2010, Korine collaborated with New York Visual Artist Bill Saylor on
2575-438: A signed Dogme 95 manifesto. While it broke a number of the movement's basic tenets, Lars von Trier lauded Korine's ability to interpret the rules creatively. The story is told from the perspective of a young man suffering from untreated schizophrenia , played by Ewen Bremner , as he tries to understand his deteriorating world. Julien's abusive and arguably hypersensitive father is played by Werner Herzog. At one point, Korine
2678-508: A strong inspiration on his filmmaking, especially with regards to his realism and use of extensive scenes. In 1999, he listed his top ten films as Pixote by Héctor Babenco , Badlands and Days of Heaven by Terrence Malick , Fat City by John Huston , Stroszek by Werner Herzog , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie and A Woman Under the Influence by John Cassavetes , McCabe and Mrs. Miller by Robert Altman , Out of
2781-525: A style that would catch on in tape trading circles. Schuldiner has been credited by AllMusic's Eduardo Rivadavia for being widely recognized as the "Father of Death Metal". Death's 1987 debut release, Scream Bloody Gore , has been described by About.com's Chad Bowar as being the "evolution from thrash metal to death metal", and "the first true death metal record" by the San Francisco Chronicle . In an Interview Jeff Becerra talked about
2884-846: A variance of metalcore elements. Characteristics of death metal, such as fast drumming (including blast beats ), down-tuned guitars, tremolo picking , growled vocals , and high-pitched shrieks are combined with the breakdowns of metalcore. Decibel magazine stated that "one of Suffocation 's trademarks, breakdowns, has spawned an entire metal subgenre: deathcore." Goregrind, deathgrind and pornogrind are styles that mix grindcore with death metal, with goregrind focused on themes like gore and forensic pathology , and pornogrind dealing with sexual and pornographic themes. Some notable examples of these genres are Brujeria , Cattle Decapitation , Cephalic Carnage , Pig Destroyer , Circle of Dead Children , Rotten Sound , Gut , and Cock and Ball Torture . Deathrash, also known as death-thrash,
2987-480: Is a brutal death metal microgenre that evolved from the 1990s New York death metal scene, incorporating elements of hardcore punk . In contrast to other death metal styles, it is not generally focused on guitar solos and blast beats; instead, it employs mid-tempo rhythms, breakdowns, and palm-muted riffing, as well as hip hop -inspired vocal and drum beat rhythms. The breakdown riff of Suffocation 's " Liege of Inveracity " has been credited by Rolling Stone as
3090-456: Is a genre of death metal that adds elements of classical music . Bands described as symphonic death metal include Fleshgod Apocalypse , Septicflesh , Necronomicon , and Children of Bodom . Haggard 's 2000 album, Awaking the Centuries , has been described as death metal-styled symphonic metal. Technical death metal (also known as tech-death, progressive death metal, or prog-death)
3193-412: Is a genre of death metal that adds elements of industrial music . Some notable bands include Fear Factory , Anaal Nathrakh , Autokrator , and Meathook Seed . Swedish death metal could be considered the forerunner of "melodic death metal." Melodic death metal, occasionally shortened to "melodeath", is a fusion of heavy metal with elements of death metal. The subgenre is heavily influenced by
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3296-512: Is a shorthand term to describe bands who play a fusion of death metal and thrash metal . The genre gained notoriety in Bali , Indonesia, where it attracted criticism of being related to the accelerated tourism development on the island and the superseding of its local culture, particularly by Jakartan one. Notable bands include Grave , Mortification , The Crown , Incapacity, Darkane , Deathchain , and Sepultura . Industrial death metal
3399-480: Is a style that combines death metal's growled vocals and highly distorted detuned guitar riffs along with elements of 1970s hard rock and heavy metal . Notable examples include Entombed , Gorefest , and Six Feet Under . With the rise in popularity of metalcore , some of its traits have been combined with death metal. Bands such as Suicide Silence , Carnifex and Salt the Wound combine death metal with
3502-452: Is a subgenre of death metal that employs dynamic song structures, uncommon time signatures, atypical rhythms and unusual harmonies and melodies. Bands described as technical death metal or progressive death metal usually fuse common death metal aesthetics with elements of progressive rock , jazz or classical music . While the term technical death metal is sometimes used to describe bands that focus on speed and extremity as well as complexity,
3605-520: Is an American film director, photographer, writer and film producer who is best known for his controversial teen film Kids (1995) and his photography book Tulsa (1971). His work focuses primarily on youth who casually engage in illegal drug use, underage sex, and violence, and who are part of a specific subculture , such as surfing , punk rock , or skateboarding . Clark was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma . He learned photography at an early age. His mother
3708-479: Is commonly death metal that incorporates musical, lyrical or ideological elements of black metal , such as an increased use of tremolo picking , anti- Christian or Satanic lyrical themes and chord progressions similar to those used in black metal. Blackened death metal bands are also more likely to wear corpse paint and suits of armour, than bands from other styles of death metal. Lower range guitar tunings, death growls and abrupt tempo changes are common in
3811-422: Is mistakenly thought to be a form of screaming using the lowest vocal register known as vocal fry , however vocal fry is actually a form of overtone screaming, and while growling can be performed this way by experienced vocalists who use the fry screaming technique, "true" death growling is in fact created by an altogether different technique. Growling has been called Cookie Monster vocals, tongue-in-cheek, due to
3914-506: Is no need to justify or explain the images he puts to the screen, clarifying that they are simply the result of "a cinema of passion and obsession." He has added that "I mostly just make things to entertain myself and at the same time hope that there's some type of audience that likes what I'm doing." Korine has also stated that "film is like a dead art because of people not taking chances", and has shown his preference for " auteurist works". He stated in 1999 that "In another ten or fifteen years,
4017-469: Is now married to actress Rachel Korine , with whom he has three children. In 2009, Korine received criticism for signing a petition in support of film director Roman Polanski , calling for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 charge for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl. Self Larry Clark Lawrence Donald Clark (born January 19, 1943)
4120-441: Is often lost on a large number of adolescents, who are left with the glamorisation of such violence without social context or awareness of why such imagery is stimulating. According to Alex Webster , bassist of Cannibal Corpse, "The gory lyrics are probably not, as much as people say, [what's keeping us] from being mainstream. Like, 'death metal would never go into the mainstream because the lyrics are too gory?' I think it's really
4223-734: Is one of the most untamed new directors, belongs on the list with Godard , Cassavetes , Herzog , Warhol , Tarkovsky , Brakhage and others who smash conventional movies and reassemble the pieces ... Harmony Korine is the real thing, an innovative and gifted filmmaker whose work forces us to see on his terms." Korine has published a number of books. A Crack Up at the Race Riots , an experimental book of fragments which he jokingly described in press appearances and interviews as his attempt to write "the Great American Choose Your Own Adventure novel",
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4326-544: The Brandon, Florida act Nasty Savage , they took the sound of Nasty Savage and deepened it. In 1984, they released their first demo entitled Death by Metal , followed by several more. The tapes circulated through the tape trader world, quickly establishing the band's name. With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact in the emerging Florida death metal scene. The fast minor-key riffs and solos were complemented with fast drumming, creating
4429-583: The COVID-19 pandemic amplifying the amount of attention drawn to the movement, through Cryptic Shift , Slimelord and Vaticinal Rites. In a 2022 article by MetalSucks writer Christopher Krovatin stated "Right now, as a music journalist, all I hear about is death metal." In the UK, this movement became the "New Wave of British Death Metal", fronted by Mortuary Spawn, Vacuous and Celestial Sanctuary, this name being coined by Tom Cronin, of Celestial Sanctuary, in order to separate these hardcore-indebted bands from
4532-745: The Golden Palm ( Kids ) and Golden Lion ( Bully ). Death metal Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music . It typically employs heavily distorted and low-tuned guitars, played with techniques such as palm muting and tremolo picking ; deep growling vocals; aggressive, powerful drumming, featuring double kick and blast beat techniques; minor keys or atonality ; abrupt tempo, key, and time signature changes; and chromatic chord progressions. The lyrical themes of death metal may include slasher film -style violence, political conflict , religion , nature , philosophy , true crime and science fiction . Building from
4635-478: The new wave of British heavy metal . Unlike most other death metal, melodeath usually features screams instead of growls, slower tempos, and much stronger emphasis on melody. Clean vocals may be used on occasion. Carcass is sometimes credited with releasing the first melodic death metal album with 1993's Heartwork , although Swedish bands In Flames , Dark Tranquillity , and At the Gates are usually mentioned as
4738-580: The "American Landscape". Korine credited tap-dance , vaudeville and minstrelsy as influences on his work in the 1990s and 2000s, with him especially naming the comedy of Fanny Brice , Eddie Cantor and Al Jolson as inspirations for his intentionally stilted style of presentation and humor. Like vaudeville, the style of Korine's work is presentational and works purely by thematic association. He has compared with this to viewing picture books of assorted photos, which would be seemingly devoid of context, but because they are compiled and presented in succession,
4841-545: The 1990s. In September 1990, Death's manager Eric Greif held one of the first North American death metal festivals, Day of Death , in Milwaukee suburb Waukesha, Wisconsin , and featured 26 bands including Autopsy, Broken Hope , Hellwitch, Obliveon, Revenant, Viogression, Immolation, Atheist , and Cynic . Death metal's popularity achieved its initial peak during 1992–1993, with some bands such as Morbid Angel and Cannibal Corpse enjoying mild commercial success. However,
4944-500: The 2007 documentary film Beautiful Losers in which his life and career were one focus of the film, along with other artists such as Mike Mills , Shepard Fairey , Margaret Kilgallen , Jo Jackson and Barry McGee . In the documentary, Korine discusses his motivation as an artist and filmmaker, as well as his inspiration for creating films he has never seen. Footage also appears from one of Korine's rare, early, and untitled short films, which preceded his work on Kids . In 2008 Korine
5047-401: The 2010s, a movement of bands reviving the sound of original 1980s death metal emerged, termed the "New Wave of Old School Death Metal". One of the earliest groups in this wave was Horrendous , who formed in 2009, who along with Tomb Mold took a progressive take the genre. Tomb Mold, Necrot, Undergang and Blood Incantation were some of the earliest bands to gain traction in the 2010s, with
5150-516: The Arts at New York University for one semester before dropping out to pursue a career as a professional skateboarder. Korine was skating with friends in Washington Square Park when he met photographer Larry Clark . Impressed, the photographer asked him to compose a script about skaters and to include in the plot a teenage AIDS experience. Korine told Clark, "I've been waiting all my life to write this story." Within three weeks, Korine wrote Kids ,
5253-604: The Bitch Chicken was released, a collaboration with artist Christopher Wool, which consists of Korine's photographs heavily edited by Korine and Wool. In 2009 he published Pigxote in conjunction with the Vanderbilt University Fine Arts Gallery and released by Nieves . The university describes the exhibition, which ran through February 26, 2009, as culling "together a number of photographs from Korine's private files in order to reveal
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#17328019275215356-470: The Black Keys . In addition, he sang on Oldham's Ease Down The Road (2001). In 1999 Korine and Brian Degraw of Gang Gang Dance released a one-off album, SSAB Songs . He also co-authored the lyrics of Björk 's "Harm of Will" from her album Vespertine (2001), and co-wrote Lana Del Rey 's "Florida Kilos" which is featured on the deluxe edition of her album Ultraviolence (2014). Korine directed
5459-453: The Blue by Dennis Hopper and Hail Mary by Jean-Luc Godard . Despite the scorn of a majority of mainstream reviewers, Korine has won festival prizes at Venice and Rotterdam among others. Established directors such as Bernardo Bertolucci and Gus Van Sant are also outspoken proponents of Korine's work, with Van Sant saying Gummo "changed his life" and Bertolucci saying Korine "created
5562-528: The Gagosian featured a collection of works by Korine titled "Young Twitchy". These works consisted of photographs taken by the artist, mostly around his home in Florida, which were then recreated in oil paint and augmented with different characters. In 2023, The Golfer’s Journal featured a collection of works by Korine titled "Wormburner", consisting of portraits of U.S. Presidents playing golf. Korine directed
5665-554: The Possessed blueprint laid down on the legendary Seven Churches recording. Possessed arguably did more to further the cause of 'Death Metal' than any of the early acts on the scene back in the mid-late 80's." During the same period as the dawn of Possessed, a second influential metal band was formed in Orlando, Florida. Originally called Mantas, Death was formed in 1983 by Chuck Schuldiner , Kam Lee , and Rick Rozz . Inspired by
5768-515: The band had actually cited Venom and Motörhead , as well as early work by Exodus , as the main influences on their sound. Although the group had released only two studio albums and an EP in their formative years, they have been described by music journalists and musicians as either being "monumental" in developing the death metal style, or as being the first death metal band. Earache Records noted that "the likes of Trey Azagthoth and Morbid Angel based what they were doing in their formative years on
5871-553: The band was a thrash metal act, Slayer's music was more violent than their thrash contemporaries Metallica , Megadeth , and Anthrax . Their breakneck speed and instrumental prowess combined with lyrics about death, violence, war, and Satanism won Slayer a cult following. According to Mike McPadden, Hell Awaits , Slayer's second album, "largely invent[ed] much of the sound and fury that would evolve into death metal." According to AllMusic , their third album Reign in Blood inspired
5974-524: The book Ho Bags. The book consists of drawing and paintings in which Korine and Saylor drew over each other's works. In 2011 Korine collaborated with the New York brand Supreme , releasing a set of two skateboard decks featuring original artworks by Korine. Since 2014, Korine has taken part in twelve exhibitions at the Gagosian gallery in various locations, including New York, London, Beverly Hills and Geneva. Seven of these have been solo exhibitions. In 2019
6077-745: The country's prior movements. The earliest bands in this wave were Cruciamentum and Grave Miasma. A large part of the New Wave of Old School Death Metal was death metal bands who originated from the hardcore scene, some of which merge elements of hardcore into their style. Xibalba and Fuming Mouth were two of the earliest groups, with the wave being solidified by Gatecreeper , 200 Stab Wounds, Creeping Death, Sanguisugabogg and Kruelty. Venom Prison came from this scene and gained particular attention for their confrontation of what Kerrang! called death metal's "misogyny problem", by instead writing "rape-revenge narrative[s]". Their lead vocalist Larissa Stupar
6180-547: The deep growled vocals and double-kick drumming of death metal with the slow tempos and melancholic atmosphere of doom metal . Deathgrind , goregrind , and pornogrind mix the complexity of death metal with the intensity, speed, and brevity of grindcore . Deathcore combines death metal with metalcore traits. Death 'n' roll combines death metal's growled vocals and highly distorted , detuned guitar riffs with elements of 1970s hard rock and heavy metal . English extreme metal band Venom , from Newcastle , crystallized
6283-537: The details of extreme acts, including blood and gore , psychopathy , delirium , mutilation , mutation , dissection , exorcism , torture , rape , cannibalism , and necrophilia . Sociologist Keith Kahn-Harris commented this apparent glamorisation of violence may be attributed to a "fascination" with the human body that all people share to some degree, a fascination that mixes desire and disgust. Heavy metal author Gavin Baddeley also stated there does seem to be
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#17328019275216386-404: The disconcerting atmosphere. It features "an eclectic soundtrack including death metal , Madonna and Roy Orbison . It premiered at the 24th Telluride Film Festival on August 29, 1997. During the screening, numerous people got up and left during the initial cat drowning sequence. Three months later, Werner Herzog called Korine to give praise to the film overall, especially the bacon taped to
6489-506: The discussions of being the creator of the genre, saying that Schuldiner cited Possessed as a massive influence, and Death were even called "Possessed clones" early on. Along with Possessed and Death, other pioneers of death metal in the United States include Macabre , Master , Massacre , Immolation , Cannibal Corpse , Obituary , and Post Mortem . By 1989, many bands had been signed by eager record labels wanting to cash in on
6592-854: The early 1980s, they relocated to Nashville, Tennessee , where he attended Hillsboro High School before moving to New York City to live with his grandmother. As a teenager, Korine spent his summers in San Francisco, "skateboarding, living on rooftops, running away from my parents, getting in fights. You know, girls. At that point I was just getting into movies, but the idea of making films happened later in high school." He began frequenting revival theaters, watching films by John Cassavetes , Werner Herzog , Jean-Luc Godard , Robert Altman , Rainer Werner Fassbinder and Alan Clarke . In an interview with Bruce LaBruce , Korine briefly mentioned that he studied Business Administration in college. Other sources state that he studied Dramatic Writing at Tisch School of
6695-442: The early work of Hellhammer and Celtic Frost , the style emerged during the late 1980s and gained a certain amount of popularity during the 1990s. Death-doom was also pioneered by bands such as Winter , Disembowelment , Paradise Lost , Autopsy , Anathema , and My Dying Bride . Funeral doom is a genre that crosses death-doom with funeral dirge music . It is played at a very slow tempo, and places an emphasis on evoking
6798-410: The elements of what later became known as thrash metal , death metal and black metal , with their first two albums Welcome to Hell and Black Metal , released in late 1981 and 1982, respectively. Their dark, blistering sound, harsh vocals, and macabre , proudly Satanic imagery proved a major inspiration for extreme metal bands. Another highly influential band, Slayer , formed in 1981. Although
6901-411: The entire death metal genre. It had a big impact on genre leaders such as Death , Obituary , and Morbid Angel . Possessed , a band that formed in the San Francisco Bay Area during 1983, is described by AllMusic as "connecting the dots" between thrash metal and death metal with their 1985 debut album, Seven Churches . While attributed as having a Slayer influence, current and former members of
7004-400: The first slam riff in death metal. The first wave of bands in the genre were New York bands like Internal Bleeding and Pyrexia, with notable subsequent acts including Devourment and Cephalotripsy . Death-doom is a style that combines the slow tempos and pessimistic atmosphere of doom metal with the deep growling vocals and double-kick drumming of death metal. Influenced mostly by
7107-558: The first two Sepultura releases. War metal bands include Blasphemy , Archgoat , Impiety , In Battle , Beherit , Crimson Thorn , Bestial Warlust , and Zyklon-B . Brutal death metal is a subgenre of death metal that privileges heaviness, speed, and complex rhythms over other aspects, such as melody and timbres. Brutal death metal bands employ high-speed, palm-muted power chording and single-note riffage. Notable bands include Cannibal Corpse , Dying Fetus , Suffocation , Cryptopsy , and Skinless . Slam death metal
7210-628: The following categories, and a band's specific categorization is often a source of contention due to personal opinion and interpretation. The musical genres in this list are sorted alphabetically. Blackened death-doom is a microgenre that combines the slow tempos and monolithic drumming of doom metal , the complex and loud riffage of death metal and the shrieking vocals of black metal . Examples of blackened death-doom bands include Morast, Faustcoven, The Ruins of Beverast , Bölzer , Necros Christos, Harvest Gulgaltha, Dragged into Sunlight , Hands of Thieves, and Soulburn . Blackened death metal
7313-428: The genre as a whole never broke into the mainstream. The genre's mounting popularity may have been partly responsible for a strong rivalry between Norwegian black metal and Swedish death metal scenes. Fenriz of Darkthrone has noted that Norwegian black metal musicians were "fed up with the whole death metal scene" at the time. Death metal diversified in the 1990s, spawning a rich variety of subgenres that still have
7416-733: The genre would incorporate an increased sense of melody and narrative. Some bands who have played this style include Dissection , Sacramentum , Naglfar , God Dethroned , Dawn , Unanimated , Thulcandra , Skeletonwitch and Cardinal Sin . War metal (also known as war black metal or bestial black metal) is an aggressive, cacophonous and chaotic subgenre of blackened death metal, described by Rock Hard journalist Wolf-Rüdiger Mühlmann as "rabid" and "hammering". Important influences include first wave black metal band Sodom , first wave black metal/death metal band Possessed as well as old grindcore , black and death metal bands like Repulsion , Autopsy , Sarcófago and
7519-519: The genre's most important labels, with Earache releasing albums by Carcass, Napalm Death, Morbid Angel, and Entombed, and Roadrunner releasing albums by Obituary, and Pestilence . Although these labels had not been death metal labels, they initially became the genre's flagship labels at the beginning of the 1990s. In addition to these, other labels formed as well, such as Nuclear Blast , Century Media , and Peaceville . Many of these labels would go on to achieve successes in other genres of metal throughout
7622-432: The genre. Examples of blackened death metal bands are Belphegor , Behemoth , Akercocke , and Sacramentum . Melodic black-death (also known as blackened melodic death metal or melodic blackened death metal) is a genre of extreme metal that describes the style created when melodic death metal bands began being inspired by black metal and European romanticism . However, unlike most other black metal, this take on
7725-462: The line between progressive and technical death metal is thin. Tech death and prog death , for short, are terms commonly applied to such bands as Nile , Edge of Sanity , and Opeth . Necrophagist and Spawn of Possession are known for a classical music-influenced death metal style. Death metal pioneers Death also refined their style in a more progressive direction in their final years. Some albums for this subgenre are Hallucinations (1990) by
7828-495: The main pioneers of the genre and of the Gothenburg metal sound. Old school death metal is a style of death metal characterized by its slower and simpler song structures, less focused on the technical aspects of its composition and employing less usage of blast beats. It gained notoriety in the late 1990s, with bands like Repugnant , Thanatos , Necrophagia , Abscess , Bloodbath and Mortem . Symphonic death metal
7931-485: The movies eventually produced. Drag City also published a collection of his fanzines called The Collected Fanzines with skateboarder and writer Mark Gonzales in 2008. Korine released a number of photographic collections, usually in conjunction with gallery exhibits. In 1998 he published The Bad Son in conjunction with Taka Ishii gallery in Tokyo, documenting his various photo shoots with Macaulay Culkin . In 2002, Pass
8034-543: The music video for Rihanna 's "Needed Me" which was released on April 21, 2016. In the same year, Korine directed a Supreme commercial starring rapper Gucci Mane (who had previously appeared in Spring Breakers ), and appeared in the music video for Gucci Mane and Travis Scott 's "Last Time". Korine directed the music video for Bladee 's "ONE SECOND" featuring Yung Lean , which was released on April 27, 2024 in collaboration with EDGLRD. Korine founded EDGLRD ,
8137-420: The music, because violent entertainment is totally mainstream." The most popular theory of the subgenre's christening is Possessed 's 1984 demo, Death Metal ; the song from the eponymous demo would also be featured on the band's 1985 debut album, Seven Churches . Possessed vocalist/bassist Jeff Becerra said he coined the term in early 1983 for a high school English class assignment. Another possible origin
8240-432: The musical structure of thrash metal and early black metal , death metal emerged during the mid-1980s. Bands such as Venom , Celtic Frost , Slayer , and Kreator were important influences on the genre's creation. Possessed , Death , Necrophagia , Obituary , Autopsy , and Morbid Angel are often considered pioneers of the genre. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, death metal gained more media attention as
8343-418: The only exception made to his practice of abstinence while filming was Marfa Girl . Clark explained that while filming that movie he used opiates for pain due to double knee replacement surgery. In Kids (1995), his most widely known film, boys portrayed as being as young as 12 are shown to be casually drinking alcohol and using other drugs. The film received an NC-17 rating, and was later released without
8446-511: The original death metal innovators, new subgenres began to develop the end of the decade, such as melodic death metal . Death released their fourth album Human in 1991, which has become a hallmark in technical death metal . Death's founder Schuldiner helped push the boundaries of the genre with uncompromising speed and technical virtuosity, combining intricate rhythm guitar work with complex arrangements and emotive guitar solos. Earache Records, Relativity Records and Roadrunner Records became
8549-480: The people that understand and appreciate Gummo or my work will be in positions of power", declaring that the culture presented in his art was going to become more prominent. Korine has said that his films are created with the premise that if there is at least one image that sticks with you after viewing a film and makes you change your perspective on cinema, then it is a success. Roger Ebert subsequently said in his review of Julien Donkey-Boy that "Korine, who at 25
8652-447: The plot, cast, and earlier works of the filmmaker, Indiewire wrote "this might be the weirdest movie the director has ever made simply by nature of being totally unlike his previous work." "That Mr. Korine appears to be having it both (or many) ways may seem like a cop-out, but only if you believe that the role of the artist is to be a didact or a scold", wrote The New York Times . Principal filming wrapped up on March 30, 2012. The film
8755-480: The police. Australian film critic Margaret Pomeranz , co-host of At the Movies , was almost arrested for screening the film at a hall. The film was not released in the United States, but Clark says that it was because of the producer's failure to get releases for the music used. In 2015, Clark collaborated alongside notable skateboard and clothing brand, Supreme , to celebrate the 20th anniversary of Kids with
8858-534: The reality of American suburban life at the fringe and ... shattering long-held mythical conventions that drugs and violence were an experience solely indicative of the urban landscape." His follow-up was Teenage Lust (1983), an "autobiography" of his teen past through the images of others. It included his family photos, more teenage drug use, graphic pictures of teenage sexual activity, and young male hustlers in Times Square , New York City. Clark constructed
8961-438: The respect of noted filmmakers such as Gus Van Sant , among others. It has been called "unlike anything you've seen in a while – maybe ever" – and that "if you're the kind of person who claims to be frustrated by the predictability of commercial filmmaking, [it presents] a rare opportunity to put your money where your mouth is." In 1998, Korine released The Diary of Anne Frank Pt II , a 40-minute three-screen collage featuring
9064-466: The screenplay for his first feature film Kids , which was released to controversy and mixed critical reception in 1995. Clark continued directing, filming a handful of additional independent feature films in the several years after this. In 2001, Clark shot three features — Bully , Ken Park and Teenage Caveman — over a span of nine months. As of 2017, they are his last films to feature professional actors. In 2002, Clark spent several hours in
9167-495: The setting appears frequently in his film Trash Humpers (2009). In 1997, Korine's favorite writers were listed as the humorists James Thurber and S. J. Perelman , as well as the Southern Gothic novelist Flannery O'Connor . He also credited the philosopher Walter Benjamin as an influence. In recent years, Korine has praised rapper and collaborator Gucci Mane . Korine has noted British filmmaker Alan Clarke as
9270-400: The short film Korine Tap for Stop For a Minute, a series of short films commissioned by Dazed & Confused magazine and FilmFour Lab. The film featured Korine tap dancing while wearing blackface . In 2002, Larry Clark made Ken Park , based on a script Korine had written several years earlier. The film, another adult tale of youth gone awry, was not distributed in the United States. At
9373-436: The subgenre, including Florida's Obituary, Morbid Angel and Deicide . This collective of death metal bands hailing from Florida are often labeled as " Florida death metal ". Morbid Angel pushed the genre's limits both musically and lyrically, with the release of their debut album Altars of Madness in 1989. The album "redefined what it meant to be heavy while influencing an upcoming class of brutal death metal." Following
9476-607: The time of its release, Clark and Korine had long since parted ways, and Korine had no involvement in its production. In 2003, he made the television documentary Above the Below about his friend and collaborator David Blaine and his 44-day stunt in a park over the bank of River Thames in London inside a suspended plexiglas box. A documentary commissioned by Sky Television and Channel 4 , it also includes jokes, visual poetry, and music. In addition, Korine has worked with Blaine on
9579-598: The vocal similarity to the voice of the popular Sesame Street character of the same name. Although often criticized, death growls serve the aesthetic purpose of matching death metal's aggressive lyrical content. The lyrical themes of death metal may invoke slasher film-stylised violence, but may also extend to topics like religion (sometimes including Satanism ), occultism , Lovecraftian horror , nature, mysticism , mythology , theology , philosophy, science fiction, and politics. Although violence may be explored in various other genres as well, death metal may elaborate on
9682-468: The wall during the bathtub scene. He told The New York Times , "When I saw a piece of fried bacon fixed to the bathroom wall in Gummo , it knocked me off my chair. [Korine's] a very clear voice of a generation of filmmakers that is taking a new position. It's not going to dominate world cinema, but so what?" Although a majority of mainstream critics derided it as an unintelligible mess, it won top prizes at that year's Venice Film Festival and earned Korine
9785-604: Was drafted within two months into the United States Army . From 1964 to 1965, he served in the Vietnam War in a unit that supplied ammunition to units fighting in the north. His experiences there led him to publish the 1971 book Tulsa , a photo documentary illustrating his young friends' drug use in black and white. Routinely carrying a camera, from 1963 to 1971 Clark produced pictures of his drug-shooting coterie that have been described by critics as "exposing
9888-514: Was a magazine called Death Metal , started by Thomas Fischer and Martin Ain of Hellhammer and Celtic Frost . The name was later given to the 1984 compilation Death Metal released by Noise Records . The term might also have originated from other recordings, such as the demo released by Death in 1984, called Death by Metal . Cited examples are not necessarily exclusive to one particular style. Many bands can easily be placed in two or more of
9991-623: Was an itinerant baby photographer, and he was enlisted in the family business from the age of 14. His father was a traveling sales manager for the Reader Service Bureau, selling books and magazines door-to-door, and was rarely home. In 1959, Clark began injecting amphetamines with his friends. Clark attended the Layton School of Art in Milwaukee, Wisconsin , where he studied under Walter Sheffer and Gerhard Bakker . In 1964, he moved to New York City to freelance, but
10094-504: Was described by the publication as "metal's most important - and uncompromising - voice". The setup most frequently used within the death metal genre is two guitarists, a bass player, a vocalist, and a drummer often using "hyper double-bass blast beats ". Although this is the standard setup, bands have been known to occasionally incorporate other instruments such as electronic keyboards . Death metal vocals are referred to as death growls ; which are coarse roars/snarls. Death growling
10197-530: Was produced and distributed by his company EDGLRD . Korine's next feature film, also with EDGLRD, is Baby Invasion , shot from a first-person shooter perspective. Korine has not primarily regarded himself as a director, instead describing a "unified aesthetic" that his filmography explores as much as his art and photography. Much of his filmography, including his screenplays, explores themes of dysfunctional families, mental disorders, abuse, hedonism, poverty and various subcultures, with unreliable narrators and
10300-594: Was published in 1998 by Drag City. The screenplay for Kids (1995) was published by Grove Press the same year, followed by a collection of the screenplays for Gummo (1997), Julien Donkey-Boy (1999) and an unfinished screenplay named Jokes in Collected Screenplays , published by Faber and Faber in 2002. The screenplay for Mister Lonely (2007) was released by Swiss publisher Nieves with photographs by Rachel Korine and Brent Stewart in 2008. The majority of these books differ substantially from
10403-939: Was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 69th Venice International Film Festival . Spring Breakers received its world premiere at the 2012 Venice International Film Festival , and later was shown at the Toronto International Film Festival before being released to the general public in March 2013. Korine's feature The Beach Bum was released in 2019, starring Matthew McConaughey as Moondog, Isla Fisher as his wife Minnie, Martin Lawrence as Captain Wack, and Snoop Dogg as Lingerie. In 2023, Korine released Aggro Dr1ft starring Catalan actor Jordi Mollà and Travis Scott . The film
10506-551: Was signed to MJZ for worldwide commercial representation. On 6 September 2009 Korine's film Trash Humpers premiered as part of the Visions section of the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival . Despite being a work of fiction, the film went on to win the top award at the prominent European documentary film festival CPH:DOX – Copenhagen International Documentary Festival – in November 2009. In March 2011, Korine released
10609-550: Was to play the son, but he backed down and was replaced by Bremner. Like Gummo and Kids , it too has since become something of a cult classic, a go-to film for those seeking cinema that is, as Roger Ebert said in his three star review, "shocking for most moviegoers", unlike "the slick aboveground indie productions" that are now the norm. In 2000, The Devil, The Sinner, and His Journey premiered, which featured Korine in black metal corpsepaint as O. J. Simpson and Johnny Depp as Kato Kaelin . That same year, Korine directed
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