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46-407: The Harmsworth was the first annual international award for motorboat racing. Officially, it is a contest not between boats or individuals but between nations. The boats were originally to be designed and built entirely by residents of the country represented, using materials and units built wholly within that country. The rules were somewhat relaxed in 1949 and may have been relaxed further since. It

92-679: A Sunday newspaper, the Weekly Dispatch , into the Sunday Dispatch , then the greatest circulation Sunday newspaper in Britain. He also initiated the Harmsworth Magazine (later London Magazine 1898–1915), utilizing one of Britain's best editors, Beckles Willson , who had been editor of many successful publications, including The Graphic . During 1899 Harmsworth was responsible for the unprecedented success of

138-513: A charitable appeal for the dependents of soldiers fighting in the South African War by inviting Rudyard Kipling and Arthur Sullivan to write the song " The Absent-Minded Beggar ". Harmsworth also initiated The Daily Mirror during 1903, and rescued the financially desperate The Observer and The Times during 1905 and 1908, respectively. During 1908, he also acquired The Sunday Times . The Amalgamated Press subsidiary

184-451: A coalition government (the other causal event was the resignation of Admiral Fisher as First Sea Lord ). Northcliffe's newspapers propagandized for creating a Minister of Munitions , which was held first by David Lloyd George , and helped to bring about Lloyd George's appointment as prime minister in 1916. Lloyd George offered Northcliffe a job in his cabinet, but Northcliffe refused and was instead appointed director for propaganda. Such

230-407: A different matter and concentrate on that.... Boyish the limited range of his intellect, which seldom concerns itself with anything but the immediate, the obvious, the popular. Boyish his irresponsibility, his disinclination to take himself or his publications seriously; his conviction that whatever benefits them is justifiable, and that it is not his business to consider the effect of their contents on

276-480: A director of Napier Motors. France won in 1904. In 1907, it was won by Americans for the first time. The US and England traded it back and forth until 1920. From 1920 to 1933, Americans had an unbroken winning streak. Gar Wood won this race eight times as a driver and nine times as an owner between 1920 and 1933. Time magazine said of the 1920 race: "Many a race between shadowy contraband-carrying rumrunners and swift, searchlight playing patrol boats has been run on

322-536: A ha’porth of wit and intelligence to talk to." "…and saying it doesn't make a halfpennyworth of difference!" (from Alan Bennett's A lady of Letters , written and produced in 1987, some sixteen years after decimalisation and three years after the New Halfpenny—(i.e. the decimal ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ p)—had been demonetised and withdrawn from circulation, thus further illustrating the continued traditional or idiomatic two-syllable pronunciation ). Also used in

368-433: A lust for power and for money, while leaving the accounting paperwork to his brother Harold. He imagined himself Napoleon reborn and resembled the emperor physically and in terms of his enormous energy and ambition. Above all, he had a boyish enthusiasm for everything. Norman Fyfe , an intimate friend, described him: Boyish in his power of concentration upon the matter of the moment, boyish in his readiness to turn swiftly to

414-434: A madman but historians say it was a physical malady. He went on a world tour to revive himself, but it failed to do so. He died of endocarditis in his London house, No. 1 Carlton House Gardens , on 14 August 1922. He left three months' pay to each of his six thousand employees. The viscountcy, barony, and baronetcy of Northcliffe became extinct. A monument to Northcliffe at St Dunstan-in-the-West , Fleet Street, London,

460-483: A time at 31 Pandora Road, West Hampstead; this site is now marked with an English Heritage blue plaque. Northcliffe was the subject of a number of fictionalized portrayals. One of the earliest was the character of Mr. Whelpdale in George Gissing 's 1891 novel New Grub Street . Whelpdale publishes a magazine called Chit-Chat (similar to Northcliffe's Answers ), which is aimed at "the quarter-educated; that

506-519: Is a rare example of a word in the English language that has a silent ' f '. Before Decimal Day in 1971, sterling used the Carolingian monetary system , under which the largest unit was a pound divided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence . Each penny was further divided into 4 farthings, thus a pound contained 480 halfpennies and a shilling contained 24 halfpennies. The original reverse of

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552-577: Is to say the great new generation that is being turned out by the Board Schools, the young men and women who can just read, but are incapable of sustained attention". Arnold Bennett 's 1909 West End play What the Public Wants centers on Sir Charles Worgan, a profit-hungry media baron based on Northcliffe. J. B. Fagan 's 1910 play The Earth features a satirical version of Northcliffe, Sir Felix Janion, who uses sexual blackmail to prevent

598-554: The Daily Mirror , he was an early developer of popular journalism, and he exercised vast influence over British popular opinion during the Edwardian era . Lord Beaverbrook said he was "the greatest figure who ever strode down Fleet Street ." About the beginning of the 20th century there were increasing attempts to develop popular journalism intended for the working class and tending to emphasize sensational topics. Harmsworth

644-798: The Golden Hind . George VI issue coins feature the inscription GEORGIVS VI D G BR OMN REX F D IND IMP before 1949, and GEORGIVS VI D G BR OMN REX FIDEI DEF thereafter. Unlike the penny, halfpennies were minted throughout the early reign of Elizabeth II, bearing the inscription ELIZABETH II DEI GRA BRITT OMN REGINA F D in 1953, and ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA F D thereafter. Ha’porth : British English i.e. ' halfpenny-worth' or ' halfpennyworth' pronounced / ˈ h eɪ p ə θ / . In literal use usually written out in full although still never pronounced phonetically : e.g. "A halfpennyworth of chips." In figurative use usually said disparagingly: e.g. "I've been dying for somebody with

690-752: The Daily Mail in the years just before the First World War in which the newspaper displayed "a virulent anti-German sentiment" caused The Star to declare, "Next to the Kaiser, Lord Northcliffe has done more than any living man to bring about the war". His newspapers, especially The Times , reported the Shell Crisis of 1915 with such zeal that it helped to end the Liberal government of Prime Minister H. H. Asquith , which forced Asquith to form

736-571: The Educational Book Company published the Harmsworth Self-Educator , The Children's Encyclopædia , and Harmsworth's Universal Encyclopaedia . He brought his younger brothers into his media empire, and they all flourished: Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere , Cecil Harmsworth, 1st Baron Harmsworth , Sir Leicester Harmsworth, 1st Baronet and Sir Hildebrand Harmsworth, 1st Baronet . Harmsworth

782-574: The 1930s. Born in Chapelizod , County Dublin, the son of Alfred and Geraldine Harmsworth , he was educated at Stamford School in Lincolnshire , England, from 1876 and at Henley House School in Kilburn, London from 1878. A master at Henley House who was to prove important to his future was J. V. Milne, the father of A. A. Milne , who according to H. G. Wells was at school with him at

828-548: The Educational Book Company, published The Harmsworth Self-Educator , The Children's Encyclopædia , and Harmsworth's Universal Encyclopaedia . Challenging the dominance in popularity of the " penny dreadfuls " among British children, from the 1890s Harmsworth half-penny periodicals, such as Illustrated Chips , would enjoy a virtual monopoly of comics in the UK until the emergence of DC Thomson comics in

874-530: The North Pole. On 4 May 1896 he began publishing the Daily Mail in London, which was a success, having the world record for daily circulation until Harmsworth's death; taglines of the Daily Mail included "the busy man's daily journal" and "the penny newspaper for one halfpenny". Prime Minister Robert Cecil , Lord Salisbury, said it was "written by office boys for office boys". Harmsworth then transformed

920-454: The bronze version of the coin, designed by Leonard Charles Wyon , is a seated Britannia , holding a trident, with the words HALF PENNY to either side. Issues before 1895 also feature a lighthouse to Britannia's left and a ship to her right. Various minor adjustments to the level of the sea depicted around Britannia, and the angle of her trident were also made over the years. Some issues feature toothed edges, while others feature beading. Over

966-405: The halfpenny was minted in copper, but after 1860 it was minted in bronze. In the run-up to decimalisation , it ceased to be legal tender from 31 July 1969 (although halfpennies dated 1970 were minted as part of a final pre-decimal commemorative set). The halfpenny featured two different designs on its reverse during its years in circulation. From 1672 until 1936 the image of Britannia appeared on

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1012-455: The king (who considered this to be his better side, and consequently broke the tradition of alternating the direction in which the monarch faces on coins – some viewed this as indicating bad luck for the reign); the inscription on the obverse is EDWARDVS VIII D G BR OMN REX F D IND IMP . The pattern coin of Edward VIII and regular issue halfpennies of George VI and Elizabeth II feature a redesigned reverse displaying Sir Francis Drake 's ship

1058-498: The modern press. Developments he introduced or harnessed remain central: broad contents, exploitation of advertising revenue to subsidize prices, aggressive marketing, subordinate regional markets, independence from party control. According to Piers Brendon : The A. Harmsworth Glacier in North Greenland was named by Robert Peary in his honour. (Northcliffe had provided a ship for the expedition). Northcliffe lived for

1104-548: The morning newspaper circulation, 45% of the evening and 15% of the Sunday circulation in Britain. Northcliffe's ownership of The Times , the Daily Mail and other newspapers meant that his editorials influenced both "the classes and the masses". That meant that in an era before radio, television or internet, Northcliffe dominated the British press "as it never has been before or since by one man". Northcliffe's editorship of

1150-545: The narrow Detroit river. Last week 400,000 persons lined the river's edge to watch millionaires race millionaires." The Harmsworth was reinstated in 1949 and remained in American hands until 1959. In 1959, Canadians won the award. The driver, Bob Hayward , won the Harmsworth again in 1960 and 1961. He died in another race in 1961. The Harmsworth was not run again until 1977, and continued to be run until 1986. In 1989 it

1196-459: The organisers insisted in running heats before the final race. Mr F Beadel was excluded from competing in the final despite putting in a better time over the 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 -mile course than Thornycroft England won the trophy in 1903 with Dorothy Levitt driving a Napier -powered, 40-foot steel-hulled boat at 19.53 mph at Queenstown in Cork harbour . It was owned and entered by Selwyn Edge

1242-576: The passing of a bill which would provide a minimum wage for his employees. Throughout his newspaper career Northcliffe promoted the ideas which resulted in the Group Settlement Scheme . The scheme promised land in Western Australia to British settlers prepared to emigrate and develop the land. A town founded specifically to assist the new settlements was named Northcliffe , in recognition of Lord Northcliffe's promotion of

1288-659: The public mind. In 1903 Harmsworth initiated the Harmsworth Cup , the first international award for motorboat racing. Harmsworth was a friend of Claude Johnson , chief executive of Rolls-Royce Limited , and during the years preceding the First World war became an enthusiast of the Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost car. Lord Northcliffe's health declined during 1921 due mainly to a streptococcal infection . His mental health collapsed; he acted like

1334-498: The reading public wanted to buy, and began a series of cheap but successful periodicals, such as Comic Cuts (tagline: "Amusing without being Vulgar") and the journal Forget-Me-Not for women. From these periodicals, he developed the largest periodical publishing company in the world, Amalgamated Press . His half-penny periodicals published in the 1890s played a role in the decline of the Victorian penny dreadfuls . Harmsworth

1380-463: The reign of George V feature his likeness and bear the inscription GEORGIVS V DEI GRA BRITT OMN REX FID DEF IND IMP . A halfpenny of King Edward VIII (1936) does exist, dated 1937, but technically it is a pattern coin i.e. one produced for official approval; it would probably have been due to receive this approval at about the time that the King abdicated. The obverse shows a left-facing portrait of

1426-514: The relentless acquisition of newspapers and perfection of their "copy," was the simple incorporation of millions of readers into his press empire. A. J. P. Taylor , however, says, "Northcliffe could destroy when he used the news properly. He could not step into the vacant place. He aspired to power instead of influence, and as a result forfeited both." P. P. Catterall and Colin Seymour-Ure conclude that: More than anyone [he] ... shaped

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1472-462: The reverse, and from 1937 onwards the image of the Golden Hind appeared. Like all British coinage, it bore the portrait of the monarch on the obverse. "Halfpenny" was colloquially written ha'penny , and " ⁠1 + 1 / 2 ⁠ d " was spoken as "a penny ha’penny" / ə ˈ p ɛ n i ˈ h eɪ p n i / or three ha'pence / θ r iː ˈ h eɪ p ən s / . "Halfpenny"

1518-468: The scheme. Halfpenny (British pre-decimal coin) The British pre-decimal halfpenny , (pronounced / ˈ h eɪ p ən i / ), once abbreviated ob. (from the Latin 'obulus'), is a discontinued denomination of sterling coinage worth ⁠ 1 / 480 ⁠ of one pound , ⁠ 1 / 24 ⁠ of one shilling , or ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ of one penny . Originally

1564-470: The so-called 'bun head', or 'draped bust' of Queen Victoria on the obverse. The inscription around the bust read VICTORIA D G BRITT REG F D . This was replaced in 1895 by the 'old head', or 'veiled bust'. The inscription on these coins read VICTORIA DEI GRA BRITT REGINA FID DEF IND IMP . Coins issued during the reign of Edward VII feature his likeness and bear the inscription EDWARDVS VII DEI GRA BRITT OMN REX FID DEF IND IMP . Similarly, those issued during

1610-514: The time and encouraged Harmsworth to start the school magazine. In 1880 he first visited the Sylvan Debating Club , founded by his father, and of which he later served as Treasurer. Beginning as a freelance journalist, he initiated his first newspaper, Answers (original title: Answers to Correspondents ), and was later assisted by his brother Harold , who was adept in business matters. Harmsworth had an intuitive sense for what

1656-410: The years, various different obverses were used. Edward VII, George V, George VI and Elizabeth II each had a single obverse for halfpennies produced during their respective reigns. Over the long reign of Queen Victoria two different obverses were used, but the short reign of Edward VIII meant no halfpennies bearing his likeness were ever issued. During Victoria's reign, the halfpenny was first issued with

1702-567: Was Northcliffe's influence on anti-German propaganda during the World War I that a German warship was sent to shell his house, Elmwood, in Broadstairs , in an attempt to assassinate him. His former residence still bears a shell hole out of respect for his gardener's wife, who was killed in the attack. On 6 April 1919, Lloyd George made an excoriating attack on Harmsworth, terming his arrogance "diseased vanity". By then, Harmsworth's influence

1748-564: Was an early developer of popular journalism. He bought several failing newspapers and made them into an enormously profitable news group, primarily by appealing to the general public. He began with The Evening News during 1894, and then merged two Edinburgh papers to form the Edinburgh Daily Record . That same year he funded an expedition to Franz Joseph Land in the Arctic with the intention of making attempts to travel to

1794-459: Was awarded to Stefano Casiraghi , husband of Princess Caroline of Monaco . The trophy has been awarded sporadically from 1986 through to 2018, with a total of eleven earned in that time. Alfred Harmsworth Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe (15 July 1865 – 14 August 1922), was a British newspaper and publishing magnate. As owner of the Daily Mail and

1840-405: Was born when Harmsworth was seventeen years old; the mother was a sixteen-year-old maidservant in his parents' home. Smith died during 1930, allegedly in a mental home. By 1900, Harmsworth had acquired a new mistress, an Irishwoman named Kathleen Wrohan, about whom little is known but her name; they had two further sons and a daughter, and she died in 1923. By 1914 Northcliffe controlled 40% of

1886-796: Was created Viscount Northcliffe , of St Peter's in the County of Kent, for his service as the director of the British war mission in the United States. Alfred Harmsworth married Mary Elizabeth Milner on 11 April 1888. She was appointed Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE) and Dame of Grace, Order of St John (D.St.J) during 1918. They did not have any children together. Lord Northcliffe had four acknowledged children by two different women. The first, Alfred Benjamin Smith,

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1932-568: Was created a Baronet , of Elmwood, in the parish of St Peters in the County of Kent in 1904. In 1905, Harmsworth was raised to the peerage as Baron Northcliffe , of the Isle of Thanet in the County of Kent . The peerage was requested by King Edward VII , and was alleged to have been purchased. It remains a matter of speculation. He is reported to have joked that when he wanted a peerage he would buy one, "like an honest man." In 1918, Harmsworth

1978-474: Was decreasing. Northcliffe's enemies accused him of power without responsibility, but his papers were a factor in settling the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921, and his mission to the United States, from June through to October 1917, has been judged successful by historians. Northcliffe's personality shaped his career. He was monolingual and not well-educated and knew little history or science. He had

2024-545: Was founded by the newspaper publisher Alfred Charles William Harmsworth (later Lord Northcliffe) in 1903. In 1903, the course was from Cobh (Queenstown) to the marina in Cork , Ireland . It was a poorly organised affair, with many boats failing even to start due to the British organisers claiming the French boats were not completely built in France , and thus they were excluded from the race. Thus there were three entries, but

2070-486: Was the main innovator. He said, "News is something someone wants to suppress. Everything else is advertising." Lord Northcliffe had a powerful role during the First World War , especially by criticizing the government regarding the Shell Crisis of 1915 . He directed a mission to the new ally, the United States, during 1917, and was director of enemy propaganda during 1918. His Amalgamated Press employed writers such as Arthur Mee and John Hammerton , and its subsidiary,

2116-550: Was unveiled in 1930. The obelisk was designed by Edwin Lutyens and the bronze bust is by Kathleen Scott . His body was buried at East Finchley Cemetery in North London. Historian Ian Christopher Fletcher states: Northcliffe's drive for success and respectability found its main outlet in the commercial world of journalism, not the political world the parties and parliaments. Perhaps his greatest accomplishment, underlying

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