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28-466: Yehuda Appel writes in 1922 that an unnamed manuscript was found, dated circa 1882 or prior stating: "..And the people of Artuf village owed money to the government. There were some years of drought that could not pay the wealth. (the tax) and the wealth in those good days was not only 12 percent of the grain, because the Turkish government was not specific so much with the farmers' taxes, and according to

56-423: A Notrim truck on its way to Hartuv was attacked and its 3 passengers murdered. Since then all transportation was done in lightly armored vehicles. On March 18, 1948, a convoy that had just finished resupplying Hartuv was ambushed on its way back to Jerusalem by the forces of Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni . 11 convoy members were killed in the battle. The Convoy of 35 left Hartuv in an attempt to resupply and reinforce

84-590: A Palestinian Arab nationalist and fighter who in late 1933 founded the secret militant group known as the Organization for Holy Struggle ( Munathamat al-Jihad al-Muqaddas ), which he and Hasan Salama commanded as the Army of the Holy War ( Jaysh al-Jihad al-Muqaddas ) during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt and the 1948 war . Husayni was born to the prominent and influential al-Husayni family of Jerusalem . He

112-454: A line of standing stones ( massebot ). Another hall has a monumental entrance flanked by two monolithic doorjambs. The complex appears to have had both religious and secular functions. Today Hartuv is an industrial zone. Nesher Israel Cement Enterprises, Israel's sole producer of cement, maintains one of its three factories in Hartuv. In 1987, Beit Or Aviva, Israel's first therapeutic community

140-478: A living from agriculture. Due to the poor quality of the soil, and lack of water, seeds and work implements, life in Hartuv was a struggle. In his 1912-13 literary almanac, Luah le'eretz yisrael, historian Abraham Moses Luncz wrote: "Artuf (Har-Tuv), founded in 1895, about 10 minutes from D'ieban along the route of the Jerusalem-Yafo railroad, 101 inhabitants, Sephardi Jews of Bulgarian origin." During

168-457: A savior angel who saved them (at the very last moment...), From this horrible death, one Effendi (it turns out that it was Iskander Effendi , the Spanish deputy consul from Jerusalem who suddenly appeared at the very last moment...). The consul therefore paid the debt and in return received all the village lands, about 4500 dunams. The Arabs do not know (so it is written) whether the appearance of

196-467: A year, of which 15,000 are exported. Tzora is also home to the Teperberg Winery . Tzora operates a dairy in partnership with Tzova and Netiv HaLamed-Heh . Tzora Active Systems produce advanced lightweight wheelchairs. Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni ( Arabic : عبد القادر الحسيني , romanized :  ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Ḥusaynī ; 1907 – 8 April 1948) was

224-637: Is located about 2 km south-west of Tel Tzora, which is where the Palestinian village of Sar'a stood until it was depopulated during the 1948 war. Tel Tzora is the likely location of the biblical village of Zorah . A ritual bath dating back to the Second Temple Period was discovered near Tzora kibbutz during an archaeological excavation conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority in 2011. The kibbutz

252-514: Is named for the biblical village of Tzora, which may have been a Canaanite town. The name was taken from the Biblical Book of Judges (13:25): "And the spirit of the Lord began to move him ( Samson ) at times in the camp of Dan between Zorah and Eshtaol ." The kibbutz's name is also similar to, and is related to that of the nearby and depopulated Palestinian village of Sar'a . Tzora

280-796: The 1929 riots Hartuv was destroyed by Arabs. The residents fled to Jaffa . Invoking the Collective Punishments Ordinance, the British Mandatory authorities heavily fined the Arab villages whose residents attacked the Jews of Hartuv. In 1930 Hartuv was rebuilt and some of the families returned. According to a census conducted in 1931 by the British Mandate authorities , Har Tuv had a population of 107 inhabitants, in 24 inhabited houses. On 20 December 1947,

308-697: The American University of Beirut , but did not continue his studies there. Instead he went to and later graduated in chemistry at the American University in Cairo while organising the Congress of Educated Muslims . Initially, he took a post in the settlement department of the British Mandate government but eventually moved to the Hebron area during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine to lead

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336-774: The Balfour Declaration . He participated in many demonstrations, the last of which was the large demonstration in Jaffa on 27 October 1933, in which he was severely beaten with batons by the British soldiers. Musa's injuries were so serious that he remained bedridden until he died in March 1934. Abd al-Qadir completed his secondary education in Jerusalem with distinction and then started at the College of Arts and Sciences at

364-527: The Gush Etzion kibbutzim by foot on January 16, 1948. 35 members of the convoy were killed. After the establishment of the State of Israel, a ma'abara transit camp was set up to accommodate the masses of new immigrants arriving from Europe and Arab lands. In 1950, Moshav Naham was founded nearby. Two archaeological sites nearby are Khirbat Marmita, about 1 km east of the village, and al-Burj, on

392-637: The Army of the Holy War in January 1948. Husayni was killed while personally reconnoitring an area of Qastal Hill shrouded by fog, in the early hours of 8 April 1948. His forces later captured al-Qastal from the Haganah , which had occupied the village at the start of Operation Nachshon six days earlier with a force of about 100 men. They retreated to the Jewish settlement of Motza . Palmach troops recaptured

420-671: The Ottoman Empire, the government granted him the title (Pasha). He was mayor of Jerusalem (1918–1920), before he was dismissed as mayor by the British authorities. He then became head of the nationalist Executive Committee of the Palestine Arab Congress from 1922 until 1934. Musa was the first to raise his voice in the face of the British Mandate, and the first to call the people of Palestine to protest, demonstrate and show their discontent and anger against

448-493: The Polish city of Radom, he recruited 11 heads of families, all of them Jewish farmers who worked the land, and together with them he returned and immigrated to Israel to establish an agricultural colony here. " The purchase, which was finalized in 1883 did not go through because the eleven families were concerned about the isolated location. In the early 1880s, the Spanish consul in Jerusalem bought over 5,000 dunams of land from

476-416: The assessor's estimate they sometimes had to pay 20 percent and more. Apart from that, they were not allowed to touch the threshing floor before the appraiser arrived, whom he drove slowly from village to village. And after all this the time was not yet complete, because after the first appraiser the villagers had to wait a long time until the great appraiser who was in charge of his back came with good luck and

504-587: The head of Fatah in the West Bank , and hold the position of Minister for Jerusalem Affairs within the Palestinian Authority . Abd al-Qadir married in 1934. In 1940 his son Faisal al-Husayni was born. In 1938, Abd al-Qadir was exiled and in 1939 moved to Iraq where he took part in the Rashid Ali al-Gaylani coup . He moved to Egypt in 1946, but secretly returned to Palestine to lead

532-657: The lack of water, some of the land was leased to Arabs. After living for some time in tents, a wooden hut was built where all the families lived together. They were obliged to attend Sunday meetings and send their children to the missionary school, but most of the colonists remained practicing Jews. In 1895, the Bulgarian Hibbat Zion movement bought the 5,000-dunam farm from the London Jews Society and renamed it Har-Tuv ( lit. Mountain of Good). Twelve Jewish families settled there and tried to earn

560-623: The savior angel was by chance... or if it was premeditated... but at that time they had great joy..." Maoz Haviv, a regional researcher from Kibbutz Tzora notes that: In 1881, following disturbances among the Russian Jews after the assassination of the Tsar, which were named "Storms in the Negev", Yehiel Ben Rabbi Yehuda Leib began to work for bringing Jews to agricultural settlement in Israel. In

588-549: The site of Hartuv to the southwest. Excavations have been carried out on Khirbat al-Burj by the Hebrew University since 1985. Excavations in Hartuv revealed an architectural complex dating to the Early Bronze Age I period. The site includes a central courtyard surrounded by rooms on at least three sides. One of the rooms, a rectangular hall with pillar bases along its long axis, may have been a sanctuary with

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616-603: The struggle against the British. Walid Khalidi notes that he was guerilla commander for the Jerusalem district in summer 1936. A member of the Palestine Arab Party , he served as its secretary-general and became editor-in-chief of the party's paper Al-Liwa ' and other newspapers, including Al-Jami'a Al-Islamiyya .Faisal would go on to found and lead the Arab Studies Society , become

644-600: The villagers of Artuf , which he sold to the London Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews . After the 1882 anti-Jewish pogroms in Eastern Europe, the society used some of the money raised to help the Jewish refugees to purchase land in Artuf. Towards the end of 1883, 24 Jewish families were settled there, each receiving 150 dunams of farmland, farm animals and tools. Due to economic difficulties and

672-421: The wealth debt (the tax) to the government increased and increased year by year, until a vigorous order came to collect the debt is valid. Then the soldiers appeared in the village, arrested the old men who belonged to them, and hung them by their feet in the big fig tree near the threshing floor and began to gather thorns and thistles to light a fire and torture their souls until they paid the debt... and they found

700-518: Was a son of Musa al-Husayni . He lost his mother a year and a half after his birth. Subsequently, his grandmother took care of him and his seven other siblings, three girls, four boys. His father, Musa al-Husayni , held various senior positions in the Ottoman Empire , working in Yemen , Iraq , Najd and Constantinople (Istanbul) in addition to Palestine. Because of his valuable service to

728-418: Was established in Hartuv. 31°45′53″N 34°59′59″E  /  31.76472°N 34.99972°E  / 31.76472; 34.99972 Tzora Tzora ( Hebrew : צָרְעָה ) is a kibbutz in central Israel . Located about 20 km from Jerusalem , near the city of Beit Shemesh , it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council . In 2022 it had a population of 936. The kibbutz

756-466: Was founded in December 1948 by former Palmach members. It is located on the land of the depopulated Palestinian village of Dayr Aban . In the 1980s a ham radio club operated under the call 4Z4YJ. In the early 2000s, Tzora underwent a privatization of its communal living structure, with a community tax levied on income and the residual retained as income by members. In April 2008, the kibbutz

784-487: Was fully privatized. One of the main branches of the kibbutz economy was Tzora Furniture Ltd., which began in 1957 as a metal factory. At first, the company produced bicycles, but in 1974 it began to manufacture office chairs, before moving on to a full range of office furniture. However, the factory burned down in July 2007. In 1993, Tzora opened the first kibbutz winery, Tzora Vineyards, which produces 80,000 bottles of wine

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