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36-514: The building is in the saltbox style. The building, whose main façade faces south, was originally constructed as a home for Ephraim Hartwell (1707–1793) and his newlywed wife, Elizabeth (1714–1808), in 1733. It was given to them by Ephraim's father, Samuel (1666–1744), who lived with his fourth wife, Experience, at what became known as the Samuel Hartwell House , located about 700 feet east along North County Road and which pre-dates

72-505: A Massachusetts contract dating to 1675 that specified the plasterer, “Is to lath and siele (seal) the four rooms of the house betwixt (between) the joists overhead with a coat of lime and hair upon the clay; also to fill the gable ends of the house with ricks (bricks) and plaster them with clay. To lath and plaster partitions of the house with clay and lime, and to fill, lath, and plaster them with lime and hair besides; and to siele and lath them overhead with lime; also to fill, lath, and plaster

108-488: A course of three-inch thick dripstones in the front and back. The original stairs were parallel to the front wall of the house and situated behind the wall separating the parlor and the kitchen. There is poplar paneling alternating in width of thirteen inches and fifteen inches. The ceilings and walls are plaster , made up of calcined oyster shells with red cattle hair. The plaster was applied on riven oak lath attached with small hand wrought iron nails. McKee writes about

144-544: A fieldstone foundation. A forty-inch deep brick beehive oven is built into the right rear wall of the kitchen fireplace and its opening has a wrought iron lintel . The brick are seven and one-half inches long by three and one-half inches wide by two inches thick. In October 1685, because a variety of sizes of brick were being used, the Colony of Connecticut ordered that all future brick be nine inches long by four and one-half inches wide by two and one-half inches thick. There

180-564: A lower ceiling than the house, or could continue almost to the ground, creating a limited height storage area. A front vestibule could have a small catslide roof perpendicular to the main roof. A dormer could be designed with a catslide. Characteristic of most early New England colonial houses, early saltboxes were timber framed . Also known as post-and-beam construction, the technique joins large pieces of wood with mortise and tenon joints, wooden pegs, braces, or trusses. Metal nails were sparingly used, as they were an expensive commodity at

216-554: A residence up until its purchase by the National Park Service in 1967. Over the years that followed, the building was modernized and changed. In the 1980s, the Park Service restored it to its 1775 appearance, yet kept its 1783 and 1830 additions. The main structure, the foundation, most of the walls and some of the flooring are 1733 originals. It is estimated that about 65% of the original structure remains within

252-436: A village located within the town of Trumbull, Connecticut , the U.S. It was expanded to its present shape by three additions. Over time, the location of the house has been identified in four different named townships , as jurisdictional boundaries changed, but it has never been moved. These towns were Stratford (1670–1725), Unity (1725–1744), North Stratford (1744–1797), and Trumbull (1797–present). The Hawley Homestead

288-454: Is a gable -roofed residential structure that is typically two stories in the front and one in the rear. It is a traditional New England style of home, originally timber framed , which takes its name from its resemblance to a wooden lidded box in which salt was once kept. The structure's unequal sides and long, low rear roofline are its most distinctive features. A flat front and central chimney are also recognizable traits. The saltbox

324-467: Is a small tinder box in the left wall of the kitchen firebox. The fireplace inside dimensions are four feet four inches high by six feet ten inches wide and is spanned by the original ten-by-ten-inch oak lintel , which rests on oak blocks. The side walls of the kitchen firebox are roughly dressed granite . Cooking pots were hung from a lug pole. Above the ridge, the chimney flue outside measurements are forty eight inches wide by thirty eight inches deep, with

360-560: Is also known as a catslide roof – any roof that, in part, extends down below the main eave height, providing greater area under the roof. If the roof continues at the same pitch, it is considered a "continuous catslide". In the United States, the term is applied to roofs on houses in the Southeast, especially stretching from Maryland south and west through Kentucky , and from early colonial times to around 1910. The term

396-681: Is an example of American colonial architecture , although it probably originated in Kent and East Anglia, coming across with the first wave of Puritans. Its shape evolved organically as an economical way to enlarge a house by adding a shed to a home's rear. Original hand-riven oak clapboards are still in place on some of the earliest New England saltboxes, such as the Comfort Starr House and Ephraim Hawley House . Once part of their exteriors, they are preserved in place in attics that were created when shed-roofed additions were added onto

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432-412: Is laid directly over one-inch-thick oak boards that were not suitable to be used as flooring. The mortise-and-tenon joints are held by wooden pins, and the flooring is nailed with large hand-wrought iron nails (see image). The four- to six-foot-length hand-riven oak clapboard siding is nailed directly to the oak studs with large flat rose-headed nails, which was the typical material and application for

468-643: Is the third-oldest documented highway in Connecticut after the Mohegan Road, Connecticut Route 32 in Norwich (1670) and the King's Highway , or Boston Post Road Route 1 (1673). The Trumbull Historical Society organized its first historic house tour on October 24, 1964. Tickets to the event were $ 2.00. The society printed a brochure with historical information on each house on the tour, which included

504-859: The Zachariah Curtiss house, his land, and at Captain's Farm . Broadbridge Brook runs off Mischa Hill west of the present-day intersection of Route 108 and the Merritt Parkway , and flows southwesterly to Broadbridge Avenue in Stratford. In October 1725, when the Connecticut Colony approved the Parish of Unity, they referred to the Farm Highway as Nickol's Farm's Road . The Nichols Avenue portion of Route 108 in Trumbull

540-627: The British soldiers. Ephraim sent his black slave, Violet, down the road to alert his son and his family. Mary then relayed the message to Captain William Smith, commanding officer of the Lincoln minutemen, who lived a little to the west and whose home still stands along Battle Road. The minutemen received the notice in time, and arrived at Old North Bridge before their enemy. Prescott made it to Concord. Saltbox house A saltbox house

576-683: The Connecticut Commission on Culture and Tourism, dates the house to 1670–1683. The house was built as a 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -story Cape Cod cottage thirty-six feet wide by twenty-six feet deep with an eight-foot-wide central stone chimney with three fireplaces. There were three rooms on the first floor; a parlor , dining room and kitchen . The second floor was an undivided loft . The white oak post-and-beam frame has eight by ten inch girts, eight by eight inch plates, and eight by ten inch splayed posts . The common rafters are eight by eight inches and taper to six by six inches at

612-481: The Ephraim Hawley House. The brochure proclaimed the Ephraim Hawley House was unequivocally the oldest house in Trumbull . It was presumed that the house was built by Ephraim Hawley between 1683 when he married and 1690 when he died . Elliott P. Curtiss owned and was residing in the house at this time, and put many of his 17th and 18th century antiques on display. The Hawley house was also featured on

648-538: The Hartwell Tavern by about forty years. The Hartwells raised a family and, in 1756, when they had nine children living in the house, Ephraim applied for a license to run the home as an inn. It was run as such until the 1780s. When Samuel died in 1744, aged 78, Ephraim inherited his portion of the family farm. By 1749 the farm was one of the most productive in Concord and consisted of 141 acres. The property

684-684: The Trumbull Historical Society organized in 1964, they dated the house to between 1683 and 1690. The house was dated to 1671–1683 in the Historic and Architectural Resource Survey (2002) produced for the Connecticut Historical Commission by Geoffrey Rossano, PhD. The Historic and Architectural Survey of the Town of Trumbull, Connecticut (2010), produced by Heather C. Jones and Bruce G. Harvey PhD for

720-481: The battle road. All three later served in the Revolutionary War . Paul Revere and William Dawes were detained by a British Army patrol nearby during the "Midnight Ride" to Concord of April 18. Samuel Prescott , who was also riding with them, escaped by jumping his horse over a wall and into the woods. Prescott emerged at the Hartwell Tavern, awakened Ephraim and informed him of the pending arrival of

756-722: The cover of the first modern street map of the town of Trumbull, published in 1965. Over the last few centuries, the appearance of the house has evolved as each family has left their mark while expanding, adapting or preserving the house to accommodate changing ideas about space, function, comfort, privacy, cleanliness and fashion. Many original architectural details remain preserved including; partial dirt cellar, field stone foundation, oak post and beam frame, oak roof sheathing, stone chimney with brick beehive oven, oak interior walls, wide-board quarter-sawn oak flooring, calcined oyster shell lime plaster walls and ceilings over riven oak lath, poplar paneling, oak batten doors, oak window frames and

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792-411: The earliest New England homes (see images). The first floor of the house is at ground level. There is a partial dirt cellar located on the south side of the house. The eight-foot-wide stone fireplace has three flues with clay mortar. The kitchen hearth is nine feet six inches wide by five feet seven inches deep. There is a one-foot crawl space around the chimney foundation below the first floor and

828-477: The east rear wall, in the kitchen, is twenty two inches square and is fifty four inches from the floor. This small opening was plastered over when the lean-to was built behind the wall in 1840. The upstairs ceiling height is six feet. The surviving oak sash window frames have dimensions of twenty eight inches wide by forty six inches high with the studs forming their jambs . The original interior doorways are twenty eight inches wide by five feet eleven inches high and

864-731: The homes. The style was popular for structures throughout the colonial period and into the early Republic for its ability to enlarge the footprint of an existing structure at a minimum of cost. It was most common in Massachusetts , the Connecticut Valley , and in the Western Reserve of Ohio in the period from 1620 to mid 1700s, but continued to be built until around 1820. Saltbox homes can also be found in parts of Newfoundland and Labrador as well as in parts of Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula . The roof style

900-460: The house to his neighbor Clarissa Curtis for $ 525 ($ 175 cash, and Curtiss assumed the $ 350 mortgage to Fairchild). On December 7, 1696, the Farm Highway , present-day Nichols Avenue Connecticut Route 108 , was laid out by the Stratford selectmen to the south side of Mischa Hill . The highway was 12 rods wide, or 198 feet, where Broadbridge Brook runs off the south side of Mischa Hill, at

936-505: The house to his son Eliakim when he married his second cousin Sally Sara Hawley. Sally Sara Hawley lived in the house for 60 years until her death in 1847. In April 1881, Truman Mauwee ( Schaghticoke ), also known as Truman Bradley , bought the house from Charles Nichols Fairchild for $ 450 ($ 100 in cash and a $ 350 mortgage to Fairchild). He completed the second floor Colonial Revival renovations. In October 1882, Bradley sold

972-445: The interior partitions are made of 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -inch-thick vertical oak boards. The first lean-to was built shortly after the main house was completed and is used as a buttery (room) or pantry . The exterior walls are solid two-inch-thick oak boards. When the lean-to was built, the roof was extended, without a break, to within six feet six inches of the ground and gave the house its saltbox shape. The second lean-to addition

1008-510: The kitchen up to the wall plate on every side. The said Daniel Andrews is to find lime, bricks, clay, stone, hair, together with laborers and workmen… .” Records of the New Haven colony mention rates for plaster and lath as early as 1641. The ceiling heights are between six feet two inches and seven feet two inches on the first floor. The rear exterior door opening is five feet three inches high. An original casement window opening located on

1044-526: The restored building. The tavern's original sign is on display at Buckman Tavern in Lexington. The battles of Lexington and Concord took form before dawn on April 19, 1775. Soldiers passed by the tavern on their way to Concord , and again on their way back to Boston . Three of the Hartwells' children — Samuel, John and Isaac — were in the Lincoln minutemen that fought at Old North Bridge and on

1080-450: The ridge; they have six by six inch chamfered collar beams . The floor joist are six by six inches and are twenty inches apart. The six inch by ten inch summer beams , or tie beams are parallel to the façade, dovetailed into the girts and concealed within the plaster ceiling . The roof sheathing and flooring is vertically quarter sawn , one-inch-thick oak boards with random widths between twelve and thirty inches. The flooring

1116-553: The time. The exterior of a saltbox was often finished with clapboard or another wooden siding . The Josiah Day House in West Springfield, Massachusetts , is constructed of brick. Ephraim Hawley House The Ephraim Hawley House is a privately owned Colonial American wooden post-and-beam timber-frame saltbox house situated on the Farm Highway , Route 108 , on the south side of Mischa Hill , in Nichols ,

Hartwell Tavern - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-469: Was added before 1881, when stairs were installed in front of the kitchen fireplace, the front roof was raised to a full two-stories in height, and the second floor was partitioned into five rooms, turning the house into a two-family residence. The original hand-riven oak clapboard exterior siding and original rafter feet are preserved in the lean-to attics. In 1787, Captain Robert Hawley gifted

1188-568: Was based not only upon architectural details of the house, but also upon comparisons with other homes of the period, and facts given to Oppenheim by the Curtiss family, who owned the house at the time. The Hawley Record (1890), stated that Ephraim had resided in Trumbull . Oppenheim said that the dating of the house compared with that of S.S. , on file at the School of Fine Arts at Yale. When

1224-446: Was borrowed from 17th century England where it referred to a secondary roof, often at the side of a building. In the southern US, a catslide roof was usually covering a front or rear porch, often with a less steep pitch than the main roof. The term is applied to any roof with different eave heights, such as a house with one and a half stories above ground in the front and one story in the rear. The catslide could cover an open patio with

1260-872: Was dated to 1690 during the Works Progress Administration Federal Writers' Project conducted during the Great Depression . Joan Oppenheim created a research report on the house while studying at the Yale School of Fine Arts in the 1930s. She concluded after examining the structure and researching land records, probate records and The Hawley Record (1890), that the house was built between 1683 and 1690 by farmer Ephraim Hawley. In 1683 he had married Sarah Welles, daughter of Colonel Samuel and Elizabeth (Hollister) Welles, and granddaughter of Connecticut Colony Governor Thomas Welles . The date of construction

1296-420: Was part of Concord until 1754, when the town of Lincoln was incorporated. After Ephraim's son, Samuel (1742–1829), married Mary Flint in 1769, Ephraim gave him the house formerly owned by Samuel's namesake grandfather. Ephraim died in 1793, aged 86. Elizabeth survived her husband by fifteen years; she died in 1808, aged 94. The tavern's ownership passed to the Hartwells' son, John. The tavern continued to be

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