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26-463: The Harvey Wallbanger was created in 1969 as a marketing campaign by McKesson Imports Company, importer of Galliano , as a means of driving sales of Galliano. The campaign was headed by George Bednar , marketing director of McKesson, and a cartoon character was commissioned from graphic artist William J. "Bill" Young in Lima, New York , with the tagline that Bednar claimed to have penned: "Harvey Wallbanger

52-538: A bartending school, Bartending School of Mixology, and worked as a cocktail consultant. It is unclear if Antone designed the drink for Galliano (to advertise the ingredient), or renamed an existing drink, as suggested by his grandson, who claimed the earlier version was called "Duke's Screwdriver". An implausible story of the origin is that it was invented in 1952 by Antone, and named after a surfer frequenting Antone's Blackwatch Bar on Sunset Strip in Los Angeles. This

78-420: A score of "90–95" in 2011. This distilled beverage –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Italian cuisine –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Alcohol proof Alcohol proof (usually termed simply "proof" in relation to a beverage) is a measure of the content of ethanol (alcohol) in an alcoholic beverage . The term

104-454: A space and joined to the letter P as a unit name (e.g. 13 °P). The term proof dates back to 16th century England, when spirits were taxed at different rates depending on their alcohol content. Similar terminology and methodology spread to other nations as spirit distillation , and taxation , became common. In England, spirits were originally tested with a basic "burn-or-no-burn" test, in which an alcohol-containing liquid that would ignite

130-582: Is implausible because at the time, Antone was running a bartending school in Hartford, and there is no evidence of any "Blackwatch Bar" in Los Angeles at the time, so it is presumably a fabrication; spirits writer Robert Simonson goes so far as to say that "no sane person ever believed that story." Cocktail historian David Wondrich considers the Harvey Wallbanger the first successful consultant-created cocktail saying, With Young's Harvey to blaze

156-413: Is infused with the pressings from the herbs except for the vanilla. The liquid is distilled and then infused with separately pressed vanilla. In the final stage, distilled water, refined sugar and pure neutral alcohol are blended with the base. The original blend is formulated at 84.6 proof (42.3% by volume), while a blend with a more prominent taste of vanilla is produced at 60 proof (30% by volume). There

182-477: Is legally mandated to be specified as an ABV percentage. For bottled spirits over 100 ml (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 US fl oz) containing no solids, actual alcohol content is allowed to vary by up to 0.15% of the ABV stated on the label. By contrast, bottled spirits which are less than 100 ml (as well as those which otherwise contain solids) may vary by up to 0.25%. Proof (the term degrees proof

208-557: Is not used), defined as being twice the percentage of alcohol by volume, may be optionally stated in conjunction with the ABV. For example, whisky may be labeled as 50% ABV and as 100 proof; 86-proof whisky contains 43% ABV. The most typical bottling proof for spirits in the United States is 80 US proof, and there is special legal recognition of 100-proof spirits in the bottled in bond category defined since 1897. The Code of Federal Regulations requires that liquor labels state

234-494: Is now mostly linguistic and historical. Today, liquor is sold in most locations with labels that state its percentage alcohol by volume. The European Union (EU) follows recommendations of the International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML). OIML's International Recommendation No. 22 (1973) provides standards for measuring alcohol strength by volume and by mass . A preference for one method over

260-537: Is regulated by law in many countries. In 1972, Canada phased out the use of "proof"; in 1973, the European Union followed suit; and the United Kingdom, where the concept originated, started using ABV instead in 1980. The United States Code mandates the use of ABV, but permits proof to be used also. The degree symbol (°) is sometimes used to indicate alcohol proof, either alone (e.g. 10°) or after

286-440: Is the name. And I can be made!" The Harvey Wallbanger character was a surfer, appearing in various ads during the campaign, and was mentioned in print as early as 1969, continuing into the 1970s. The recipe displayed in the ads is: "6 oz. O.J., 1 oz. vodka, stir with ice, splash in ½ oz. Galliano". The cocktail itself is credited to three-time world champion mixologist Donato "Duke" Antone, of Hartford, Connecticut , where he ran

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312-609: Is used both as a digestif and as an ingredient for cocktails , notably the Harvey Wallbanger , Yellow Bird , Golden Cadillac, and Golden Dream . Galliano has numerous natural ingredients including star anise , Mediterranean anise , juniper berry , musk yarrow , lavender , peppermint , cinnamon , and Galliano's hallmark vanilla flavour. Galliano uses vanillin for flavouring and sugar and glucose syrup for sweetening. Caramel and tartrazine are used to achieve Galliano's bright yellow colour. Neutral alcohol

338-461: Is very close to the fraction 4 ⁄ 7 ≈ 0.5714 . This led to the approximation that 100-proof spirit has an ABV of 4 ⁄ 7 . From this, it follows that to convert the ABV expressed as a percentage to degrees proof, it is only necessary to multiply the ABV by 7 ⁄ 4 . Thus pure 100% alcohol will have 100×( 7 ⁄ 4 ) = 175 proof, and a spirit containing 40% ABV will have 40×( 7 ⁄ 4 ) = 70 proof. The proof system in

364-708: The Galliano brand name, including a black Sambuca, a white Sambuca and an amaretto , which are predominantly distributed in Australasia , where the products are popular as shots. Galliano also makes Galliano Ristretto coffee-flavored liqueur and Galliano Balsamico , a balsamic vinegar -infused liqueur. Galliano has earned bronze and silver medals from the San Francisco World Spirits Competition . Another spirit ratings organization, Wine Enthusiast , gave Galliano L'autentico

390-464: The United States was established around 1848 and was based on percent alcohol rather than specific gravity. Fifty percent alcohol by volume was defined as 100 proof. Note that this is different from 50% volume fraction (expressed as a percentage); the latter does not take into account change in volume on mixing, whereas the former does. To make 50% ABV from pure alcohol, one would take 50 parts of alcohol and dilute to 100 parts of solution with water, all

416-445: The grain size of gunpowder and the time it sat in the spirit impact the dissolution of potassium nitrate and therefore what would be defined as 100 proof. However, the gunpowder method is significantly less variable than the burn-or-no-burn method, and 100 proof defined by it is traditionally defined as 57.15% ABV. By the end of the 17th century, England had introduced tests based on specific gravity for defining proof. However, it

442-493: The other is not stated in the document, but if alcohol strength by volume is used, it must be expressed as a percentage of total volume, and the water/alcohol mixture must have a temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) when measurement is done. The document does not address alcohol proof or the labeling of bottles. On 1 January 1980, Britain adopted the ABV system of measurement prescribed by the European Union, of which it

468-571: The way, Antone's simple—even dopey—drink would go on to be the first drink created by a consultant to actually take the nation by storm. Antone is also credited with the Freddy Fudpucker, which swaps vodka for tequila, but this was not nearly as popular. Galliano (liqueur) Liquore Galliano L'Autentico , known more commonly as Galliano ( Italian: [ɡalˈljaːno] ), is a brand of sweet herbal liqueur produced in Italy. It

494-418: The while mixing the solution. To make 50% alcohol by volume fraction, one would take 50 parts alcohol and 50 parts water, measured separately, and then mix them together. The resulting volume will not be 100 parts but between 96 and 97 parts, since the smaller water molecules can take up some of the space between the larger alcohol molecules (see volume change ). The use of proof as a measure of alcohol content

520-401: Was also a period where 70 proof (35% alcohol by volume) and 80 proof (40% alcohol by volume) was produced. The Galliano brand is currently owned by Dutch distiller Lucas Bols , and marketed through its worldwide distribution joint venture, Maxxium. Galliano is packaged in a distinctively shaped bottle, reminiscent of a classical Roman column . Several other liqueurs are also produced under

546-590: Was created in 1896 by Tuscan distiller and brandy producer Arturo Vaccari and named after Giuseppe Galliano , an Italian officer of the Royal Italian Army of the First Italo-Ethiopian War . Galliano is sweet with vanilla-anise flavour and subtle citrus and woody herbal undernotes. The vanilla top note differentiates Galliano from other anise-flavoured liqueurs such as anisette , ouzo , sambuca , and pastis . Galliano

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572-591: Was not until 1816 that a legal standard based on specific density was defined in England. 100 proof was defined as a spirit with 12 ⁄ 13 the specific gravity of pure water at the same temperature. From the 19th century until 1 January 1980, the UK officially measured alcohol content by proof spirit, defined as spirit with a gravity of 12 ⁄ 13 that of water, or 923 kg/m (1,556 lb/cu yd), and equivalent to 57.15% ABV. The value 57.15%

598-544: Was originally used in England and from 1816 was equal to about 1.75 times the percentage of alcohol by volume (ABV). The United Kingdom today uses ABV instead of proof. In the United States , alcohol proof is defined as twice the percentage of ABV. The definition of proof in terms of ABV varies from country to country. The measurement of alcohol content and the statement of content on bottles of alcoholic beverages

624-523: Was said to be "above proof", and one which would not was said to be "under proof". A liquid just alcoholic enough to maintain combustion was defined as 100 proof and was the basis for taxation. Because the flash point of alcohol is highly dependent on temperature, 100 proof defined this way ranges from 20% at 36 °C (97 °F) to 96% at 13 °C (55 °F) alcohol by weight (ABW) ; at 24 °C (75 °F) 100 proof would be 50% AB W . Another early method for testing liquor's alcohol content

650-417: Was the "gunpowder method". Gunpowder was soaked in a spirit, and if the gunpowder could still burn, the spirit was rated above proof. This test relies on the fact that potassium nitrate (a chemical in gunpowder) is significantly more soluble in water than in alcohol. While less influenced by temperature than the simpler burn-or-no-burn test, gunpowder tests also lacked true reproducibility. Factors including

676-569: Was then a member. The OIML recommendation for ABV used by the EU states the alcohol by volume in a mixture containing alcohol as a percentage of the total volume of the mixture at a temperature of 293.15 K [20.00 °C; 68.00 °F]. It replaced the Sikes hydrometer method of measuring the proof of spirits, which had been used in Britain for over 160 years. In the United States, alcohol content

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