Misplaced Pages

#351648

52-585: Only about 5,300 people live in the council in twelve communities. Its area is about 2.2 million dunams (2,200 km; 850 sq mi). The major city of the region, Eilat, governs itself as a city council and is not included in the regional council. Hevel Eilot Regional Council was established in 1964. In the ceremony participated the General Director of the Ministry of the Interior,

104-631: A calque of the Byzantine Greek stremma and had the same size. It was likely adopted by the Ottomans from the Byzantines in Mysia - Bithynia . The Dictionary of Modern Greek defines the old Ottoman stremma as approximately 1,270 square metres (13,700 sq ft), but Costas Lapavitsas used the value of 1,600 square metres (17,000 sq ft) for the region of Naoussa in

156-773: A donum or dunum and as the old , Turkish , or Ottoman stremma , was the Ottoman unit of area equivalent to the Greek stremma or English acre , representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard paces in length and breadth", but its actual area varied considerably from place to place, from a little more than 900 square metres (9,700 sq ft) in Ottoman Palestine to around 2,500 square metres (27,000 sq ft) in Iraq . The unit

208-545: A regional airport , which is commonly used for sporting and agricultural flights. Also in summer the airport is used for air taxi. The nearest international airport is Niš Constantine the Great Airport located 45 km (28 mi) north of the city. Leskovac was the first city in Serbia to have a sanitary landfill . Željkovac depot spreads over 80 hectares and is made by all European standards. The landfill contains

260-539: A dunam of some size include Libya and Syria . A metric dunam is equal to: The Byzantine Greek stremma was the probable source of the Turkish unit. The zeugarion (Turkish çift ) was a similar unit derived from the area plowed by a team of oxen in a day. The English acre was originally similar to both units in principle, although it developed separately. Leskovac Leskovac ( Serbian Cyrillic : Лесковац , pronounced [lěskoʋats] )

312-639: A high mortality rate and labour exploitation. From 1929 to 1941, Leskovac was part of the Vardar Banovina of the renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia . During the capitulation of Yugoslavia in the April War Leskovac was occupied by the Germans on April 12, 1941. Despite several attempts at assassination and sabotage the town remained relatively docile throughout the Nedić administration , with

364-484: A proud sporting history and is home to several teams, including football clubs GFK Dubočica and FK Sloga Leskovac , basketball team KK Zdravlje , and handball team RK Dubočica 54. Economy of Leskovac is diverse, but it is still somewhat stagnating as a city in whole. Overall, industry has a minor growth, but its growth is safe and in the future, industry will certainly face another growth that will increase its status among Serbia's largest cities . Its main industry

416-704: Is 1 decare . From the Ottoman period and through the early years of the British Mandate for Palestine , the size of a dunam was 919.3 square metres (9,895 sq ft), but in 1928, the metric dunam of 1,000 square metres (0.10 ha) was adopted, and this is still used today in Israel. The Dubai Statistics Center and Statistics Centre Abu Dhabi use the metric dunam (spelt as donum) for data relating to agricultural land use. One donum equals 1,000 square metres (10,764 sq ft). Other countries using

468-524: Is a city and the administrative center of the Jablanica District in southern Serbia . According to the 2022 census, the city of Leskovac has 123,950 inhabitants. Leskovac was historically called Glubočica , later evolving into Dubočica . These interchangeable variants derived from the Serbian word's, " glib ", meaning mud and " duboko ", meaning deep. Untamed rivers would often flood

520-764: Is closed for traffic for five days, and food stands are put up along the streets. The event brings visitors from all over Serbia as well as tourists. According to the TOL (Tourism Organization of Leskovac) in 2013, over 700,000 people visited the event. The organisers hold competitions, such as making the biggest burger, the Pljeskavica . The festival is the highlight of the season in Leskovac. In 2009 Leskovac officially became an International Carnival city, admitted by The Association of European Carnival cities, which has over 50 members from Europe and America. The Leskovac Carnival

572-512: Is covered by the following borders: Hevel Eilot is a region of arid desert. There is little precipitation in the winter, and summer temperatures rise above 40 °C (104 °F). The flora and fauna are typical for the desert. Timna Park is a nature reserve that covers a large area in the region. The region is home to the first commercial solar field in Israel , built by Arava Power Company , located at Kibbutz Ketura . The region, which

SECTION 10

#1732801387352

624-565: Is far away from central Israel, is not connected to the national water supply system. Instead, the drinking and irrigation water is derived from desalination of water from the Red Sea . There are 13 communities in the council: 10 kibbutzim and three community settlements . 29°55′59″N 35°04′01″E  /  29.933°N 35.067°E  / 29.933; 35.067 Dunam A dunam ( Ottoman Turkish , Arabic : دونم ; Turkish : dönüm ; Hebrew : דונם ), also known as

676-542: Is held during the Roštiljijada festival. Around 1200 people take part in the carnival, of which one-third came from abroad. The City Government considered separating this event in 2010 as a special tourist event which will be introduced as a special offer of the city. Theater Marathon takes place every year in November and lasts 9 days. It runs performances of National Theaters from all over Serbia. This event takes place in

728-447: Is light industry such as textile, household commodities and medical industries. Leskovac has mine of lead and zinc called "Leskovac Lece". The first boom occurred after WW1 and lasted until 1941. It was "succeeded" in the late 1940s. During so called "Yugoslav economic miracle" (1950s – c.1980) Leskovac has developed into not just regional, but textile center in entire Southeast Europe. It became known as "Serbian Manchester". Leskovac Lece

780-469: Is still in use in many areas previously ruled by the Ottomans, although the new or metric dunam has been redefined as exactly one decare (1,000 square metres (11,000 sq ft)), which is 1/10 hectare (1/10 × 10,000 square metres (110,000 sq ft)), like the modern Greek royal stremma . The name dönüm , from the Ottoman Turkish dönmek ( دونمك , "to turn"), appears to be

832-498: Is the cities biggest tourist attraction drawing in thousands of visitors from both Serbia and abroad. The once thriving textile industry of Leskovac has all but collapsed with only a small number of businesses still in operation. The effects of globalisation coupled with political sanctions have led to significant economic decline. Local businesses were sluggish in transitioning from a predominantly state capitalist economy towards greater deregulation and privatisation during

884-655: The Bronze Age until the 19th century. Hisar served as a fortification for many centuries and its surrounding plateau are abundant in Iron Age pottery largely associated with the Brnjica culture . Other archeological findings associated with the Illyrians , Thracians , Dacians , Greeks , Romans and Celts lay within Leskovac's surrounds. The Roman Empire conquered the area in the 1st century BC and would remain

936-549: The Treaty of Berlin in 1878. Before the war Leskovac was part of a network of textile industry hubs from the Black Sea to the central Balkans and collaborated closely with Bulgarian textile industry. Products from Leskovac were exported duty-free to Bulgaria which exported machinery to Serbia. Independence initially had a negative impact though trade barriers, tariffs and open hostilities between Serbia and Bulgaria necessitated

988-465: The decare (декар) is used, which is an SI unit, literally meaning 10 ares. In Cyprus , a donum is 1 337 .803 776  m or 14400 square feet. In the Republic of Cyprus older Greek-Cypriots also still refer to the donum using the local Greek Cypriot dialect word σκάλες [skales], rather than the mainland Greek word stremma (equivalent to a decare). However, since 1986 officially Cyprus uses

1040-421: The 2000s. Despite a modest increase in mostly foreign capital enterprise with some government support, issues of corruption, high unemployment, ageing workforce and community, unreported employment , and population decline still persist. Leskovac is situated in the heart of the vast and fertile valley of Leskovac (50 km (31 mi) long and 45 km (28 mi) wide), the small Veternica river, at

1092-527: The Austro-Hungarian 9th and German 11th Divisions. Cheering crowds gathered to welcome the Serbian Army's Dinarska and Dunavska divisions as they entered the city accompanied by French cavalry units. Following the war Leskovac continued its fast economic and social transformation. The townsfolk practised a cultural medley of both Oriental and European habits, whilst the social fabric

SECTION 20

#1732801387352

1144-612: The Chairman of the Tamar Regional Council , the Chairman of the Lachish Regional Council and other guests. The area of the regional council was then about two million dunams (2,000 km; 770 sq mi) and was the largest jurisdiction in Israel and had only 250 residents. It then encompassed the localities of Eilot, Yotvata and Grofit. The jurisdiction of Hevel Eilot Regional Council

1196-617: The Industrial Revolution . The growing customs dispute with Austria-Hungary following the May Coup precipitated protectionism throughout the 1900s which served to nourish the local economy. Following the Serbian campaign of 1915 Leskovac fell within the Bulgarian occupational zone . This period was marked by harsh repression with attempts at Bulgarisation of the local inhabitants. Numerous crimes were committed on

1248-676: The Kukavica mountain, flows through Vučje and is a tributary of the Veternica river. Also known in the Leskovac region are Kozaračka, Predejanska, Kopašnička and Sušica rivers. According to the 2022 census, the city proper has a population of 54,091, while the administrative area has a population of 123,950. In 2011 the city's population was 95,784, with the majority being Serbs. Other significant ethnic groups include Roma, Macedonians and Yugoslavs. In January 2007, there were an estimated 500 persons of Chinese origin living in Leskovac. Apart from

1300-486: The Leskovac citizenry with 2,000-4,000 victims being executed and a great many more massacred in the surrounding region. During the occupation Leskovac was also adversely affected by a typhus epidemic and widespread malnutrition. Bulgaria capitulation to the Entente on 30 September 1918, and Leskovac was liberated on 7 October 1918 in an offensive led by Field Marshal Petar Bojović's 1st Serbian Corps, which repelled

1352-674: The Mighty to the Hilendar Monastery . The vicinity of modern-day Leskovac was contested territory during a series of conflicts fought between the Bulgarian Empire and medieval Serbian states between the 9th and 14th centuries. The Battle of Dubočica took place on September 24, 1454, between the Serbian Despotate and the invading Ottoman Empire , and ended in a Serbian victory. Brankovic's Serbia

1404-537: The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia a bridge near Leskovac (Grdelička klisura) was destroyed by a NATO aircraft as a passenger train was crossing. The act was highly condemned with the bridge being struck twice (the train itself having been bombed from the first attack). Contemporary Leskovac has become synonymous with Serbian culinary culture , particularly the national dishes of pljeskavica and ćevapi . The annual Roštiljijada grilled meat barbecue festival held since 1989

1456-534: The National Theater in Leskovac. The first Leskovac International film festival was held in 2008. The idea of the film in the city is not that new. In 1996, a group of enthusiasts, with chairman Rade Jovic, organized the Festival which were shown films of domestic production. Today, many years later, Leskovac host an International Film Festival. The Festival presents awards in 3 categories: Leskovac has

1508-412: The acquisition and development of technology for rope and industrial hemp processing. By the mid-1880s business development, particularly the textile sector enabled Leskovac to become the third largest urban area after Belgrade and Niš at the time. The establishment of a railway line linking Leskovac with Belgrade, Skopje and Thessaloniki in 1886 also significantly contributed to the development of

1560-625: The area leaving swamps that once dried would spout hazelnut trees , or " leska " in Serbian, whilst " -ovac " is a common Slavic suffix, hence Leskovac . During Ottoman rule the town was referred to in Turkish as Leskovçe or Hisar (Turkish translation; fortress ). Archeological findings on Hisar Hill , located at the rim of Leskovac valley between the Jablanica and Veternica rivers, have established continual habitation between

1612-459: The city proper, there are 143 populated places in the city, of which the largest are Vučje and Grdelica , classified as "urban" (town) in census, with about 3000 residents each. Ethnic composition of Leskovac as declared in the census (2011) The ethnic composition of the city administrative area: The vast majority of the people are Orthodox Christians (96%). There are also 3% Muslims . The rest are atheists or follow other religions. Once

Hevel Eilot Regional Council - Misplaced Pages Continue

1664-560: The dominant power until Slavic invasion and settlement in the late 6th and early 7th centuries, with the Serbs solidifying their presence. The area Glubočica , later Dubočica and a synonym for Leskovac was first mentioned in the 12th century as lands bestowed upon the Nemanjić dynasty by Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos . The settlement of Leskovac per se was first mentioned by name in 1348 as an endowment by Serbian Emperor Dušan

1716-450: The early 20th century. In Bosnia and Herzegovina and also Serbia, the unit is called dulum (дулум) or dunum (дунум). In Bosnia and Herzegovina dunum (or dulum) equals 1,000 square metres (10,764 sq ft). In the region of Leskovac , south Serbia, One dulum is equal to 1,600 square metres (17,222 sq ft). In Albania it is called dynym or dylym. It is equal to 1,000 square metres (10,764 sq ft). In Bulgaria ,

1768-582: The exception of the Arapova Dolina massacre of 310 mostly Romani civilians. Pockets of Partisan insurgency remain limited to the surrounding countryside which began experiencing noteworthy military engagements during the Battle of Serbia with the July–August 1944 Toplica-Jablanica Operation. On September 6, 1944, Leskovac was targeted in a catastrophic Allied bombing campaign which left much of

1820-469: The failed rebellion of 1841 . Before the Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878) , the county of Leskovac had a significant Muslim population, mostly Turkish and Albanian, which comprised one-third of its overall population. In 1873, the town had 2,500 Serbian houses and 1,000 Muslim houses. The Muslims in the town were Albanian- and Turkish-speaking. Albanians formed almost the entire Muslim population in

1872-610: The failed uprising many Serbs migrated north after the Ottomans recaptured Leskovac, razing the Serbian quarters as reprisals for collaboration. In 1790 Sultan Selim III administrative reforms granted Leskovac the seat of its own Eyalet governed by Şehsuvar Abdi Pasha, who was succeeded by his son Ismail Pasha in 1830, until the Leskovac Eyalet was annexed to the Niš Eyalet in 1839. The Serbian population of Leskovac (along with other south Serbian towns and villages) took part in

1924-500: The foot of Hisar , in the central part of the Leskovac valley. Leskovac lies at an altitude of 228 meters, in a basin that covers 2,250 km (869 sq mi). Around the valley are mountains Radan and Pasjača the west, Kukavica and Čemernik in the south and Babička Gora , Seličevica and Suva Planina to the east. Leskovac has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) with continental influences, with long, hot summers and short but cold, cloudy winters. The largest river in

1976-482: The newest and most modern railway stations in Serbia. Bus traffic is also very well developed, bearing in mind that Leskovac has been criss-crossed with roads. The most important is the E75 road which connects the borders of Hungary and Macedonia. Regional roads lead from Leskovac to Priština, Pirot and Bosilegrad. The distance from Leskovac to Niš is 45, to Belgrade 280, and to Sofia 155 kilometres (96 miles). Leskovac has

2028-808: The region of Leskovac is the South Morava River, which flows south to north. Tributaries of the South Morava are: the Vlasina river, which collects water from Lake Vlasina and flows through Crna Trava and Vlasotince; the Veternica river, which flows through Leskovac; the Jablanica river, which springs from the foot of Goljak and flows through Medveđa and Lebane; the Pusta (Deserted) river, which starts on Radan mountain, fills Lake Brestovačko and flows through Bojnik. The river Vučjanka, which springs from

2080-400: The rise of Leskovac as a regional manufacturing centre the town still lacked basic infrastructure during the interwar period such as a running water supply, sewerage system, paved streets (with only three asphalted in 1938) and a permanent marketplace. Leskovac experienced a significant influx of largely peasant workers leading to poor housing conditions with many affected by squalor, alcoholism,

2132-492: The ruling Ottoman aristocracy which financed the construction of mosques , tekije , madrasa , meter and Turkish baths marked the area. During this period, Leskovac was regarded for its quality horse tack , tanning , smithing and weaving . The townsfolk worked as craftsman, merchants and peri-urban farmers, residing in separate Serbian Orthodox and Muslim mahallah's whilst affluent Muslim families held prominent real estate and owned farmland. This cosmopolitan milieu

Hevel Eilot Regional Council - Misplaced Pages Continue

2184-403: The second largest city in Serbia, today Leskovac is blighted by economic problems with many working age people migrating out of the area. There are 144 villages located within the municipality: Roštiljijada ( Barbecue week ) is a grilled meat festival that has been organized in Leskovac for many years and takes place annually at the beginning of September. During the event, the main boulevard

2236-441: The square metre and the hectare. A donum consists of 4 evleks, each of which consists of 334.450 944  m or 3.600 square feet. In Greece, the old dönüm is called a "Turkish stremma", while today, a stremma or "royal stremma" is exactly one decare , like the metric dönüm. In Iraq , the dunam is 2,500 square metres (0.25 ha). In Israel and Turkey , the dunam is 1,000 square metres (10,764 sq ft), which

2288-586: The town heavily damaged with approximately 2,500-4,000 casualties and a total of 1,840 demolished or damaged residential buildings and factories. The bombing also caused significant damage to infrastructure and historical landmarks. Leskovac fell to the 47th Serbian Division of the National Liberation Army (Partisans) on October 11, 1944, following a German withdrawal during the Niš Operation. The new Communist authorities proceeded to purge

2340-480: The town of political and ideological opponents, summarily executing 707 people. The city continued to be a major textile center until the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, but due to the economic isolation of Serbia resulting from ethnic wars, its remote location, and failure to privatize the mills, the industry collapsed resulting in depression of the economy in the area. On 12 April 1999, during

2392-496: The town on December 24, 1877. There were 2,122 Albanian abandoned household. Of the about 5,000 Muslims who had previously lived in the town, 120 were still living there in 1879 in the first post-war population count. The rest had left as refugees and most settled in cities like Mitrovica , Prizren and Kumanovo in Kosovo Vilayet . Leskovac became part of Serbia which received full international recognition following

2444-399: The town. A vocational textile school opened 1890 and in 1903 the second hydroelectric power plant in Serbia was built on the nearby Vučjanka River. Due to the towns burgeoning industriousness in the late 19th c. Leskovac became popularity nicknamed Serbia's Little Manchester (Serbian Cyrillic: Мали Манчестер ) in honor of Manchester , England , a powerhouse of textile manufacture during

2496-445: The villages. Historian Miloš Jagodić has estimated that of ~17,033 Muslims who lived in the Leskovac county before the war, about 16,976 were Albanians who were expelled after the war. These estimates are corroborated in contemporary sources like the records of Austrian diplomat Johann Georg von Hahn . In the war almost the entire Muslim civilian population of Leskovac was expelled and the advancing Serbian Army and chetas entered

2548-760: Was a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire during the first half of the 15th century and was repeatedly invaded, eventually becoming part of the Ottoman state. Leskovac was annexed by the Ottomans in 1454 and allotted to the Rumelia Eyalet . The Nahija of Dubocica (later Leskovac) became part of Kruševac Sanjak with Leskovac possessing one of six kadiluks . During Ottoman rule, Leskovac was known in Turkish as Leskovçe , or more commonly Hisar (Turkish translation; fortress). The conquest in time brought Ottoman culture to Leskovac, influencing architecture, cuisine, customs, dress and language. Endowments by

2600-581: Was constructed during that era. During the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Leskovac was severely damaged like no other city in Europe at the time. The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022): Leskovac is a traffic junction. International trains traveling from Europe to Skopje, Thessalonica and Athens pass through this city. Nineteen trains stop in Leskovac every day. The railway came to Leskovac in 1886. Leskovac today has one of

2652-464: Was dominated by affluent, often competing industrialists families and greater social disparity within the community. Industrial development facilitated trade union agitation amongst an emerging urban working-class . In August 1920 Leskovac became one of the first municipalities to elect the Communist Party . Despite its victory the party was quickly suppressed by the authorities. Despite

SECTION 50

#1732801387352

2704-470: Was supplemented by officials, clergy, sipahi, and soldiers interlaced with Jewish , Greek , Vlach , Albanian and Ragusan traders. Leskovac was known in the wider region for its annual 15-day long fair. Leskovac was severely damaged by fire in 1595 and again in 1690. In the Ottoman-Austrian War the towns Serbs overwhelmingly sided with Habsburg forces on arrival in 1689. Following

#351648