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29-545: Hexagon Sun is an artistic collective based in the Pentland Hills , Scotland . The confirmed members are Mike Sandison, Marcus Eoin, Peter Iain Campbell (a.k.a. "PIC"), Simon Goderich (a.k.a. "goderich"), Mark David Garrett (a.k.a. "mdg"), Rachel Stewart, Alan Mackenzie, and Andrew Wilson. The most well-known venture of the collective is the electronic music project, Boards of Canada , of whom Eoin and Sandison are

58-620: A number of council regions: from the City of Edinburgh council area and Midlothian in the north, south-west through West Lothian to the Scottish Borders and South Lanarkshire . The Pentland Hills Regional Park was designated in 1986. It covers an area of 90 km (35 sq mi) at the northern end of the hills. The park, together with the rest of the hills, is used for a variety of recreational activities including hillwalking , mountain biking , horse riding , golf , and skiing at

87-832: A sequence of Silurian mudstones , siltstones and sandstones collected together as the North Esk Group . From oldest to youngest they comprise the Llandovery age Reservoir Formation (named for North Esk Reservoir where these rocks are to be found), the Deerhope Formation, the Cock Rig Formation and the Wether Law Linn Formation overlain by the Wenlockian age Henshaw Formation. These are in turn unconformably overlain by

116-635: Is best recorded at Ireviken , Gotland . The event lasted around 200,000 years, spanning the base of the Wenlock Epoch. It comprises eight extinction "datum points"—the first four being regularly spaced, every 31,000 years, and linked to the Milankovic obliquity cycle. The fifth and sixth probably reflect maxima in the precessional cycles, with periods of around 16.5 and 19 ka. The final two data are much further spaced, so harder to link with Milankovic changes . The mechanism responsible for

145-608: Is defined by the Pentland Fault with a substantial downthrow to the southeast. Running NE-SW through the middle of the range is the Cairnmuir Fault which downthrows to the northwest. West Cairn Hill and East Cairn Hill are formed by the sandstones of the Kinnesswood Formation which reach as far north as Hare Hill (though also underlie much of the southeastern part of Edinburgh) and which terminate to

174-534: Is said to have been filled with 'cheerfulness and admiration' when he visited the Pentland Hills while heading further north (Chapter 19). Llandovery epoch Widespread reef building started in this period and continued into the Devonian Period when rising water temperatures are thought to have bleached out the coral by killing their photo symbionts . The Llandoverian Epoch ended with

203-573: The Ireviken event which killed off 50% of trilobite species, and 80% of the global conodont species. The end of the Ordovician–Silurian extinction event occurred when melting glaciers caused the sea level to rise and eventually stabilize. Biodiversity, with the sustained re-flooding of continental shelves at the onset of the Silurian , rebounded within the surviving orders . Following

232-560: The battle of Rullion Green . Afterwards the whole episode was (incorrectly) named the Pentland Rising. The incident is commemorated by the "Covenanter's Grave", a cairn after which one of the drove roads across the hills is known (OS Grid Reference NT078521). In Greyfriars Bobby , Bobby comes from (and later revisits) the Pentland Hills, whilst in Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein , Frankenstein's friend Henri Clerval

261-504: The Internet has been limited to its website, hexagonsun.com, which until 2005 when it was redirected to boardsofcanada.com, was simply a small graphic of mirrored turquoise-color text on a blue background. When reflected, the text reads "the internet is evil. wake up." In 2013, hexagonsun.com forwarded to cosecha-transmisiones.com (The url translates from Spanish to "harvest transmissions"), a simple logon page made by Boards of Canada , that

290-594: The Linn Branch Stream. Two lithological units ( formations ) occur near the boundary. The lower is the Hartfell Shale (48 metres (157 ft) thick), consisting chiefly of pale gray mudstone with subordinate black shales and several interbedded meta- bentonites . Above this is the 43 metres (141 ft) thick Birkhill Shale, which consist predominantly of black graptolitic shale with subordinate gray mudstones and meta-bentonites. The base

319-565: The Llandovery but the earliest known vascular plants ( Cooksonia ) have only been found in rocks of the middle Silurian. Parioscorpio venator was at first described as the earliest fossil land animal in 2020. It was originally described as the oldest known scorpion (437 million years old), but was later re-described as an enigmatic, marine arthropod. Barrier reef systems covered a substantially greater percentage of seafloor than reefs today and they also grew at high latitudes. Possibly

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348-593: The Pentland Hills Volcanic Formation, as too are Allermuir, Caerketton and Castlelaw hills. The Volcanic Formation gives rise to generally steeper and craggier hillsides as these rocks are more resistant to erosion than the sedimentary rocks. Much of the lower ground is covered by glacial till from the last ice age . Glacial meltwater channels are identified in places as at Deer Hope and the deep cleft of Green Cleugh between Hare Hill and Black Hill. The peaks include: The hills span

377-681: The Romans as the Votadini . About 20 m (66 ft) into Glencorse Reservoir lie the submerged ruins of the chapel of St Katherine's in the Hope. The founding of the chapel is connected with the story of a mediaeval royal deer hunt. According to the story, King Robert the Bruce staked the Pentland Estate against the life of Sir William St Clair, with the outcome of the hunt of a white deer by

406-611: The artificial ski slope at the Midlothian Snowsports Centre . Today most of the land is upland pasture , along with a few forestry plantations. The Ministry of Defence have a rifle range at Castlelaw. A number of rivers rise in the hills, including the Water of Leith and the North Esk , and there are several reservoirs , including Threipmuir , Harlaw , Clubbiedean, Torduff, Glencorse and Loganlea . In

435-458: The base of the murchisoni Graptolite Biozone. The Llandovery Epoch is subdivided into three stages: Rhuddanian , Aeronian and Telychian . In North America a different suite of regional stages is sometimes used: In Estonia the following suite of regional stages is used: Spores and plant microfossils have been found in China and Pennsylvania. There was some movement to the land during

464-410: The event originated in the deep oceans, and made its way into the shallower shelf seas. Correspondingly, shallow-water reefs were barely affected, while pelagic and hemipelagic organisms such as the graptolites, conodonts and trilobites were hit hardest. 50% of trilobite species and 80% of the global conodont species become extinct in this interval. Subsequent to the first extinctions, excursions in

493-746: The evolution of photo symbionts started in the Llandovery Epoch. Tabulate corals mostly developed as prominent bioherms . Rising water temperatures in the Devonian might have led to bleaching of these corals. The Ireviken event was the first of three relatively minor extinction events (the Ireviken, Mulde , and Lau events) during the Silurian Period. The Ireviken overlapped the Llandovery/Wenlock boundary. The event

522-576: The farm's livestock would be pastured in summer; and gradually the name was linked more specifically with the slopes of the nearby hills (perhaps Allermuir, Woodhouselee or Castlelaw ). The name is completely unrelated to the name of the Pentland Firth in the north of Scotland. Timothy Pont mapped the area in the 1590s, and his work appeared in the maps of the Dutch cartographers Hondius (1630s) and Joan Blaeu (1654). Interestingly, Blaeu gives

551-487: The knight and his two hounds, 'Help' and 'Hold', being the deciding factor. The dogs managed to bring down the deer, and in gratitude, and to mark the spot, Sir William had a chapel built in the glen. The hills were the scene of an incident in 1666 following the Restoration of King Charles II when an outbreak of armed rebellion amongst Covenanters led to a small force of badly armed conventiclers being defeated at

580-539: The late Silurian to early Devonian age sandstones and conglomerates of the Greywacke Conglomerate and Swanshaw Sandstone formations. A further unconformity separates these from the overlying Pentland Hills Volcanic Formation though all three formations are collected together within the Lanark Group . The Volcanic Formation forms such summits as East and West Kip. The southeastern edge of the range

609-630: The long-term impact of the Permian–Triassic and Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction events. Nevertheless, a large number of taxa disappeared from the Earth over a short time interval, eliminating and changing diversity. The epoch was named after Llandovery in Wales. The GSSP for the Silurian is located in a section at Dob's Linn (southern Scotland) in an artificial excavation created just north of

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638-523: The major loss of diversity as the end-Ordovician, Silurian communities were initially less complex and broader niched. Highly endemic faunas, which characterized the Late Ordovician, were replaced by faunas that were amongst the most cosmopolitan in the Phanerozoic , biogeographic patterns that persisted throughout most of the Silurian. These end Ordovician–Silurian events had nothing like

667-658: The name in two forms, in two different locations: Pentland Hill (roughly in the area of Castlelaw); and Penth-landt hill (further south and clearly intended as a name for the wider range). The southern and western parts of the Pentland Hills are formed from sandstones together with some conglomerates , all of Devonian age and assigned to the Old Red Sandstone . Within the sedimentary sequence are extrusive igneous rocks , principally of basaltic and andesitic composition. The sedimentary rocks are also intruded by dykes of porphyrite . The oldest rocks are

696-579: The sole members; Chris Horne was previously a member and departed amicably following the release of Twoism in 1995. The band has used the Hexagon Sun name for their recording studio and has released songs with the title "Turquoise Hexagon Sun" and "Orange Hexagon Sun"; the former has been featured on Boc Maxima , Hi Scores , and Music Has the Right to Children , and the latter on the bootleg Old Tunes, Vol. 2 tape. Hexagon Sun's presence on

725-602: The southeast at the Cairnmuir Fault. The Kinnesswood sandstones together with rocks of the Ballaggan Formation, which form the lower ground immediately northwest of the Pentlands, constitute the early Carboniferous age Inverclyde Group . Black Hill stands out as being an intrusion of micro granite or felsite , as in part is nearby Harbour Hill. South Black Hill on the other hand, together with Scald Hill and Carnethy hill are formed from various lithologies of

754-422: The southern part of the hills is Little Sparta , the garden of the late artist and poet Ian Hamilton Finlay . Settlements in or near the Pentlands include: There is evidence of prehistoric settlement in the area, e.g. the hillfort and souterrain at Castle Law , and another at Caerketton. The hills were most likely settled, farmed and defended in the pre-Roman and Roman era by the local Celtic people known to

783-607: The upper Clydesdale . The name is first recorded for the farm of Pentland ( c. 1050, 1200) and probably derives from Brythonic elements pen and llan , meaning the Llan at the top or head of the hills. In the late 15th to mid-16th centuries, land transfers refer to Pentlandmure and Pentland – documents that also list adjacent parcels of land with such still-recognisable names as Loganehous, Hilend, Boghall and Mortounhall. 'Muir', in Pentlandmure, describes common grazings where

812-463: Was originally defined as the first appearance of the graptolite Akidograptus ascensus at Dob's Linn, but was later discovered to be imprecise. It is currently placed between acritarch biozone 5 and last appearance of Pterospathodus amorphognathoides . It has been recommended to place the GSSP at a slightly higher and correlatable level on the Ireviken datum 2, which coincides approximately with

841-482: Was used as part of the unveiling for the album Tomorrow's Harvest . If one is to look at the source code for the page of cosecha-transmisiones.com, the image of a hexagon in ASCII fashion is revealed. Pentland Hills The Pentland Hills are a range of hills southwest of Edinburgh , Scotland . The range is around twenty miles (thirty kilometres) in length, and runs southwest from Edinburgh towards Biggar and

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