34-694: The Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial or Hearst-Vita graph (also known as the Hearst-Vitagraph News Reel ) was a short-lived company producing newsreels which were coupled with animated cartoons . It was established on 29 October 1915 by the Brooklyn -based Vitagraph Studios and the Hearst Corporation , and produced its first reel in February 1916, but folded in 1916. Previously, Hearst had produced newsreels together with
68-404: A cinema , newsreels were a source of current affairs, information, and entertainment for millions of moviegoers. Newsreels were typically exhibited preceding a feature film , but there were also dedicated newsreel theaters in many major cities in the 1930s and ’40s, and some large city cinemas also included a smaller theaterette where newsreels were screened continuously throughout the day. By
102-723: A book Upton Sinclair Presents William Fox in which Fox recounted his life, and stating his views on what he considered to be a large Wall Street conspiracy against him. Fox died in 1952 at the age of 73. His death went largely unnoticed by the film industry; no one from Hollywood attended his funeral. He is interred at Salem Fields Cemetery, Brooklyn . Fox personally oversaw the construction of many Fox Theatres in American cities including Atlanta , St Louis , Detroit , Portland , Oakland , San Francisco and San Diego . His companies had an estimated value of $ 300,000,000 and he personally owned 53 percent of Fox Film and 93 percent of
136-549: A chain of movie theaters and purchase film prints from major film companies at the time such as Biograph , Essanay , Kalem , Lubin , Pathé , Selig , and Vitagraph . In 1910, Fox managed to successfully lease the New York Academy of Music and convert it into a movie theater. He also continued to focus his concentration in New York and New Jersey. Beginning in 1914, New Jersey–based Fox bought films outright from
170-484: A five-month and seventeen day prison sentence on charges of conspiring to obstruct justice and defraud the United States, in connection with his bankruptcy. Years after his prison release, U.S. President Harry Truman would grant Fox a Presidential pardon. For many years, Fox resented the way that Wall Street had forced him from control of his company. In 1933, he collaborated with the writer Upton Sinclair on
204-460: A newsboy, and in the fur and garment industry. At the age of eight, he fell off the back of an ice truck, breaking his left arm; subsequent treatment left it permanently impaired. In 1900, Fox started his own company, which he sold in 1904 to purchase his first nickelodeon . Always more of an entrepreneur than a showman, he concentrated on acquiring and building theaters. Following the purchase of his first nickelodeon, Fox would then use it to create
238-536: A newsreel story can be found in the film Citizen Kane (1941), which was prepared by RKO's actual newsreel staff. Citizen Kane includes a fictional newsreel called "News on the March" that summarizes the life of title character Charles Foster Kane while parodying The March of Time . On August 12, 1949, one hundred twenty cinema technicians employed by Associated British Pathé in London went on strike to protest
272-519: A staff of about 56 cameramen, and produced a number of scoops, including images of the sinking of the British ship HMS Audacious in 1914, and the sinking of the German ship SMS Blücher in 1915. Newsreel A newsreel is a form of short documentary film , containing news stories and items of topical interest, that was prevalent between the 1910s and the mid 1970s. Typically presented in
306-654: The DuMont Television Network launched two short-lived newsreel series, Camera Headlines and I.N.S. Telenews , the latter in cooperation with Hearst's International News Service . On August 15, 1948, CBS started their evening television news program Douglas Edwards and the News . Later the NBC, CBS, and ABC (USA) news shows all produced their own news film. In New Zealand, the Weekly Review
340-642: The Selig Polyscope Company from 1914 on, and after the deal with Vitagraph ended Hearst teamed up with Pathé . The cartoons which were added to the newsreels were created by Hearst's animation studio International Film Service , led by Gregory La Cava , which converted popular comic strips from the Hearst newspapers to the big screen. Included in the News Pictorial were Parcel Post cartoons created by Frank Moser (who animated most of
374-417: The 1909 Broadway production A Fool There Was by Porter Emerson Browne , in turn based on Rudyard Kipling 's poem The Vampire , in turn inspired by Philip Burne-Jones 's painting, The Vampire (1897), modelled by Mrs Patrick Campbell , Burne-Jones' lover and George Bernard Shaw 's "second famed platonic love affair". In 1925–1926, Fox purchased the rights to the work of Freeman Harrison Owens ,
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#1732801778925408-539: The 1970s, rendered them obsolete. Newsreel cinemas either closed or went to showing continuous programmes of cartoons and short subjects, such as the London Victoria Station News Cinema, later Cartoon Cinema that opened in 1933 and closed in 1981. The last American newsreel was released on December 26, 1967, the day after Christmas . Nonetheless, some countries such as Cuba, Japan, Spain, and Italy continued producing newsreels into
442-479: The 1980s and 1990s. An Australian movie production dramatizing the cameramen and producers of newsreels was released in 1978. The title was Newsfront . Some events featured during the presentation were regarding the 1949 election of the Australian Prime Minister, the rabbit plague, and the introduction of television (1956). A 2016 Irish documentary, Éire na Nuachtscannán ("Ireland in
476-695: The Balboa Amusement Producing Company in Long Beach, California, for distribution to his own theaters and then for rental to other theaters across the country. He formed the Fox Film Corporation on February 1, 1915, with insurance and banking money provided by the McCarter, Kuser and Usar families of Newark, New Jersey, and the small New Jersey investment house of Eisele and King. The company's first film studio
510-680: The Cinesound Movietone Australian Newsreel Collection, a comprehensive collection of 4,000 newsreel films and documentaries representing news stories covering all major events. The first official British news cinema that only showed newsreels was the Daily Bioscope that opened in London on May 23, 1909. In 1929, William Fox purchased a former cinema called the Embassy . He changed
544-545: The Fox studio in Hollywood she frequently worked in when she worked with Fox's company and that his movies were mainly managed by his movie makers. Following the 1927 death of Marcus Loew , head of Loews Incorporated , the parent company of rival studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , control of MGM passed to his longtime associate, Nicholas Schenck . Fox saw an opportunity to expand his empire, and in 1929, with Schenck's assent, bought
578-519: The Loew family's MGM holdings, unbeknownst to MGM studio bosses Louis B. Mayer and Irving Thalberg . Mayer and Thalberg were outraged; despite their high posts at MGM, they were not shareholders. Mayer used his strong political connections to persuade the Justice Department to sue Fox for violating federal antitrust laws. In July 1929, Fox was severely injured in an automobile accident. By
612-541: The Newsreels") looked at the newsreel age in Ireland , mostly focusing on Pathé News and how the (British) company altered its newsreels for an Irish audience. Research Guides Media [REDACTED] Media related to Newsreels at Wikimedia Commons William Fox (producer) Wilhelm Fried Fuchs ( Hungarian : Fried Vilmos ; January 1, 1879 – May 8, 1952), commonly and better known as William Fox ,
646-635: The Second World War, the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda , a state organization in Nazi Germany for disseminating stories favorable to the administration's goals, created Die Deutsche Wochenschau (1940–1945). There were no other newsreels disseminated within the country during the war. In some countries, newsreels generally used music as a background for usually silent on-site film footage. In some countries,
680-527: The U.S. rights to the Tri-Ergon system invented by three German inventors (Josef Engl (1893–1942), Hans Vogt (1890–1979), and Joseph Massolle (1889–1957)), and the work of Theodore Case to create the Fox Movietone sound-on-film system, introduced in 1927 with the release of F. W. Murnau 's Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans . Sound-on-film systems such as Movietone and RCA Photophone soon became
714-557: The UK in 1910 and the US in 1911. Newsreels were a staple of the typical North American , British , and Commonwealth countries (especially Canada , Australia , and New Zealand ), and throughout European cinema programming schedule from the silent era until the 1960s when television news broadcasting completely supplanted its role. The National Film and Sound Archive in Australia holds
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#1732801778925748-610: The dismissal of fifteen men on the grounds of redundancy while conciliation under trade union agreements was pending. Their strike lasted through to at least Tuesday August 16, the Tuesday being the last day for production on new newsreels shown on the Thursday. Events of the strike resulted in over three hundred cinemas across Britain having to go without newsreels that week. In 1936, when the BBC Television Service
782-460: The end of the 1960s television news broadcasts had supplanted the format. Newsreels are considered significant historical documents, since they are often the only audiovisual record of certain cultural events. this list is incomplete. Silent news films were shown in cinemas from the late 19th century. In 1909 Pathé started producing weekly newsreels in Europe. Pathé began producing newsreels for
816-554: The format from a $ 2 show twice a day to a continuous 25-cent programme, establishing the first newsreel theater in the United States; the idea was such a success that Fox and his backers announced they would start a chain of newsreel theaters across the country. The newsreels were often accompanied by cartoons or short subjects . The First World War saw the major countries using the newest technologies to develop propaganda for home audiences. Each used carefully edited newsreels to combine straight news reports and propaganda. During
850-458: The narrator used humorous remarks for light-hearted or non-tragic stories. In the U.S., newsreel series included The March of Time (1935–1951), Pathé News (1910–1956), Paramount News (1927–1957), Fox Movietone News (1928–1963), Hearst Metrotone News (1914–1967), and Universal Newsreel (1929–1967). Pathé News was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures from 1931 to 1947, and then by Warner Brothers from 1947 to 1956. An example of
884-454: The other ones as well), George Herriman 's Krazy Kat (at least eight shorts), And Her Name Was Maud and Happy Hooligan by Frederick Burr Opper , Daffydil and Judge Rummy by Tad Dorgan , The Katzenjammer Kids by Harold Knerr , Bringing Up Father by George McManus , Joys and Glooms by T. E. Powers , and Jerry on the Job by Walter Hoban . The newsreels were created by
918-682: The standard, and competing sound-on-disc technologies, such as Warner Bros. ' Vitaphone , became obsolete. From 1928 to 1964, Fox Movietone News was one of the major newsreel series in the U.S., along with The March of Time (1935–1951) and Universal Newsreel (1929–1967). Despite the fact that his film studio was based in Hollywood, Fox opted to instead remain in New York and was more familiar with his financiers than with either his movie makers or movie stars. Prominent Fox Film Corporation actress Janet Gaynor even acknowledged that she barely knew William Fox, stating "I only met him to say how do you do." Gaynor also stated that Fox would rarely visit
952-581: The time he recovered, the stock market crash in October 1929 had wiped out virtually his entire fortune, ending any chance of the Loews-Fox merger going through even if the Justice Department had approved it. Fox lost control of his organization in 1930 during a hostile takeover . In 1935, Fox Film Corporation would merge with 20th Century Pictures , becoming 20th Century-Fox . William Fox
986-509: Was "the principal film series produced in the 1940s". The first television news broadcasts in the country, incorporating newsreel footage, began in 1960. Newsreel-producing companies excluded television companies from their distribution, but the television companies countered by sending their own camera crews to film news events. Newsreels died out because of the nightly television news broadcast, and technological advances such as electronic news-gathering for television news , introduced in
1020-609: Was a Hungarian-American film industry executive who founded the Fox Film Corporation in 1915 and the Fox West Coast Theatres chain in the 1920s. Although he lost control of his film businesses in 1930, his name was used by 20th Century Fox (now part of The Walt Disney Company ) and continues to be used in the trademarks of the present-day Fox Corporation , including the Fox Broadcasting Company , Fox News , Fox Sports and Foxtel . Fox
1054-592: Was born Wilhelm Fried Fuchs in Tolcsva , Hungary. His parents, Michael Fuchs and Anna Fried, were both Hungarian Jews . The family immigrated to the United States when William was nine months old and settled in New York City, where they had twelve more children, of whom only six survived. With his family largely destitute, William found himself as a youth forced to sell candy in Central Park , work as
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1088-675: Was launched in the United Kingdom, it was airing the British Movietone and Gaumont British newsreels for several years (except for a hiatus during World War II), until 1948, when the service launched their own newsreel programme, titled Television Newsreel , that would last until July 1954, when it was replaced by News and Newsreel . On February 16, 1948, NBC launched a ten-minute television program called Camel Newsreel Theatre with John Cameron Swayze that featured newsreels with Swayze doing voiceovers. Also in 1948,
1122-477: Was leased in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where many other early film studios were based at the beginning of the 20th century. He now had the capital to acquire facilities and expand his production capacity. Between 1915 and 1919, Fox would rake in millions of dollars through films which featured Fox Film's first breakout star Theda Bara , known as " The Vamp ", for her performance in A Fool There Was (1915), based on
1156-427: Was never connected with the ownership, production or management of the movie studio that famously bore his name. A combination of the stock market crash, Fox's car accident injuries, and government antitrust action, forced him into a protracted seven-year legal battle to stave off bankruptcy . At his bankruptcy hearing in 1936, he attempted to bribe judge John Warren Davis and committed perjury . In 1943, Fox served
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