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72-531: Heaton Park is a public park in Manchester , England, covering an area of over 600 acres (242.8 ha). The park includes the grounds of a Grade I listed , neoclassical 18th century country house, Heaton Hall. The hall, remodelled by James Wyatt in 1772, is now only open to the public on an occasional basis as a museum and events venue. It is the biggest park in Greater Manchester, and also

144-451: A 10-minute walk , provides multiple benefits. A park is an area of open space provided for recreational use, usually owned and maintained by a local government. Grass is typically kept short to discourage insect pests and to allow for the enjoyment of picnics and sporting activities. Trees are chosen for their beauty and to provide shade , with an increasing emphasis on reducing an urban heat island effect. Some early parks include

216-496: A boating lake , an animal farm, a pitch and putt course, a golf driving range , woodlands, ornamental gardens, an observatory , an adventure playground, a Papal monument and a volunteer-run tram system and museum , and is listed Grade II by Historic England . It has the only flat green bowling greens in Manchester, built for the 2002 Commonwealth Games . The park takes its name from the local area of Great Heaton. Heaton

288-448: A head of state . They were generally to accommodate and entertain distinguished guests, especially a monarch and/or a royal consort , or other high-ranking aristocrats and state officials, hence the name. In their original form a set of state rooms made up a state apartment , which always included a bedroom. In Great Britain and Ireland in particular, state rooms in country houses were used occasionally, and only rarely all round

360-416: A museum and municipal park . Alderman Fletcher Moss, a prominent antiquarian was a notable influence in this movement. The park was purchased and opened to the public in 1902. Unfortunately, the council was not prepared to purchase the contents of the hall, so the furniture and paintings were sold by auction. The hall was considered by the council to be of little architectural or historical significance and

432-521: A communication link between the park users and the Heaton Park management team, are based at the centre. The farm centre was originally built as a stable block for Sir Thomas Egerton. It was designed by Samuel Wyatt and built between 1777 and 1789. It now houses the Stables Cafe and is also the administrative centre for the park. The Animal Centre is housed behind the stables in the area that

504-547: A compromise the line was run under the estate in a tunnel and a railway station opened adjacent to the Whittaker Lane/Bury Old Road entrance in 1879 (now Heaton Park Metrolink station ). Consequently, the decision by Lord Wilton to put the hall and park up for sale was greeted with dismay, especially when it became known that the site was being eyed by a property developer. A pressure group was formed to persuade Manchester City Council to purchase it as

576-575: A domed, glazed roof, fronted by a formal garden with two large copies of the Borghese Vase . The ornate glass roof was removed, to be replaced with a flat roof after Manchester City Council purchased the park in 1902. The orangery is now a function and conference venue, run by Manchester City Council's Hospitality and Trading Service. The 12- acre (4.9  ha ) boating lake was constructed between 1908 and 1912 by previously unemployed men using only shovels and hand-pulled trucks. The lake, which

648-464: A few days later, he took his gramophone to Heaton Park and played recordings of the songs performed by Caruso to an assembled crowd of 40,000 people who, according to the Prestwich and Heaton Park Guardian , "remained as if spellbound from the moment of arrival to the close of the programme, which, it is hardly necessary to say, was intensely enjoyed." Caruso later wrote to Mr. Grimshaw to thank him for

720-410: A large European mansion is usually one of a suite of very grand rooms which were designed for use when entertaining royalty. The term was most widely used in the 17th and 18th centuries. They were the most lavishly decorated in the house and contained the finest works of art . State rooms were usually only found in the houses of the upper echelons of the aristocracy , those who were likely to entertain

792-479: A new home for his young family. Although Wyatt had already established a reputation for himself as an innovative architect , he was only 26 years old and Heaton Hall was his first country house commission. Wyatt's neo-classical masterpiece was built in phases and was mostly completed by 1789. The park was originally laid out by William Emes in the style of Capability Brown . It has long been used for public events such as Heaton Park races, which were established by

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864-473: A new tramway from Grand Lodge to Heaton Hall, was considered too expensive, as it would require remedial works to carry it across the railway tunnel. Therefore, a new scheme was proposed to open up the old Manchester Corporation Tramways spur from Middleton Road to the old tram shelter some 300 yards (270 m) inside the park. The work was completed in 1979 and the Heaton Park Tramway

936-518: A tour , with Heaton Park being the venue for five concerts between 11 and 20 July 2025. In recent years the park has hosted some open-air theatre productions. From 1998 Feelgood Theatre Productions performed open-air promenade productions many of which received Manchester Evening News Theatre Awards and the Horniman Award for outstanding service to theatre. Productions include: Blue Remembered Hills (Potter), The Wizard of Oz , The Wind in

1008-584: Is derived from Old English heah 'high' + tun 'enclosure' or 'settlement'. Heaton Hall had been owned by the Holland family since the Middle Ages . In 1684, when Sir John Egerton, 3rd Baronet of Wilton , married Elizabeth Holland, the hall came to the Egerton family. In 1772, Sir Thomas Egerton , 7th Baronet (later the 1st Earl of Wilton ), commissioned the fashionable architect James Wyatt to design

1080-474: Is overlooked by the Lakeside Cafe, has three islands and is home to large numbers of ornamental birds and wildfowl including geese , ducks , swans and fantail doves . There are rowing boats for hire during the summer months. The lake is noted for its excellent carp fishing and is also stocked with roach , rudd , bream , tench and chub . Fishing rights to all the waters in the park are held by

1152-617: The Cupola which was originally Lady Egerton's dressing room. The room was styled in the 1770s "Pompeiian" style with mirrored walls and a domed ceiling — there are only three such rooms left in Britain . The library was remodelled by Lewis Wyatt in the 1820s. Heaton Hall's collections are managed by Manchester Galleries. The hall is currently (February 2017) listed on Historic England 's Heritage at Risk register. Designed by James Wyatt in 1800 for Thomas Egerton, 1st Earl of Wilton ,

1224-562: The La Alameda de Hércules , in Seville , a promenaded public mall, urban garden and park built in 1574, within the historic center of Seville. The Városliget ( City Park ) in the City of Pest , what is today Budapest, Hungary , was a city property when afforestation started in the middle of the 18th century, from the 1790s with the clear aim to create a public park. Between 1799 and 1805 it

1296-623: The Village of Yorkville Park in Toronto , which won an award from the American Society of Landscape Architects. Parks are sometimes made out of oddly shaped areas of land, much like the vacant lots that often become city neighborhood parks. Linked parks may form a greenbelt . There is a form of an urban park in the UK (officially called a "recreation ground", but commonly called a "rec" by

1368-793: The saloon was initially used as a tea-room. During the First World War , the park was used as a training camp for the Pals battalions of the Manchester Regiment , whilst Heaton Hall became a military hospital . In the Second World War , the park was a camp for the Royal Air Force , where 133,516 aircrew were trained. The park was home to a barrage balloon anchorage and an ackack emplacement. Two " prefab " housing estates and an infants school were built in

1440-643: The ' Race for Life ' and seasonal fairs are located near the Papal monument. There is a large bonfire and firework display held on 5 November ( Guy Fawkes Night ) each year. Urban park Depending on size, budget, and land features, which varies considerably among individual parks, common features include playgrounds , gardens , hiking, running, fitness trails or paths, bridle paths , sports fields and courts, public restrooms, boat ramps, performance venues, or BBQ and picnic facilities. Park advocates claim that having parks near urban residents, including within

1512-710: The King William IV Angling Society. An interesting structure in the park is the Colonnade, which once formed the front of old Manchester Town Hall in King Street. When that building was scheduled for demolition a successful campaign to save the façade resulted in the colonnade being re-assembled in the park at the end of the boating lake. The 18th century Walled Garden was the Earl of Wilton's kitchen garden supplying fruit and vegetables for

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1584-615: The Library, the Music Room, Dining Room and upstairs, a rather rare Etruscan Room . The rooms of the hall were exquisitely finished by the finest artists and craftsmen of the period, with most of the furnishings and mahogany doors being made by Gillow's of Lancashire . Most of the decorative paintings, the Pompeiian Cupola Room and the case for the 18th century chamber organ built by Samuel Green in 1790, were

1656-602: The UK, with around 2.6 billion visits to parks each year. Many parks are of cultural and historical interest, with 300 registered by Historic England as of national importance. Most public parks have been provided and run by local authorities over the past hundred and seventy years, but these authorities have no statutory duty to fund or maintain these public parks. In 2016 the Heritage Lottery Fund 's State of UK Public Parks reported that "92 per cent of park managers report their maintenance budgets have reduced in

1728-522: The United States and the world, though cow grazing did not end until the 1830s. Around the country, the predecessors to urban parks in the United States were generally rural cemeteries . The cemeteries were intended as civic institutions designed for public use. Before the widespread development of public parks, the rural cemetery provided a place for the general public to enjoy outdoor recreation amidst art and sculpture previously available only for

1800-842: The United States are Central Park in New York, Lincoln Park in Chicago, Mission Bay Park in San Diego. In the early 1900s, according to Cranz, U.S. cities built neighborhood parks with swimming pools, playgrounds and civic buildings, with the intention of Americanizing the immigrant residents. In the 1950s, when money became available after World War II , new parks continued to focus on both outdoor and indoor recreation with services, such as sports leagues using their ball fields and gymnasia. These smaller parks were built in residential neighborhoods, and tried to serve all residents with programs for seniors, adults, teens and children. Green space

1872-557: The Willows , The Three Musketeers , Arthur - King of the Britons , Dracula - The Blood Count , Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream and Macbeth . In 2016 Feelgood returned and performed the world premier of Whispers of Heaton (May and November) and Ghost Story of Heaton (October). Feelgood is now (2016) the official theatre partner for Heaton Park and hall and is planning a programme of theatre and music events. In 2005 there

1944-555: The best municipal golf course in England in 2005. On 31 May 1982 Pope John Paul II celebrated Mass in the park for over 100,000 people and ordained 12 new priests. This event is commemorated by the papal monument in the south-west of the park. In 1909, Italian tenor Enrico Caruso performed at the Free Trade Hall in Manchester . The concert was attended by William Grimshaw, a gramophone salesman from Prestwich and

2016-481: The cattle from grazing on the formal lawns, making a barrier which cannot be seen from the house. In 2004 the house became the home of the Manchester and District Beekeepers Association Archived 28 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine and is furnished with an observation hive , equipment and displays with an apiary in the garden behind the house. This "pepperpot" building located at the east entrance to

2088-496: The confines of a serpentine carriageway, put in place the essential elements of his much-imitated design for Birkenhead Park in Birkenhead . The latter commenced in 1843 with the help of public finance and deployed the ideas which Paxton had pioneered at Princes Park on a more expansive scale. Frederick Law Olmsted visited Birkenhead Park in 1850 and praised its qualities. Indeed, Paxton is widely credited as having been one of

2160-453: The designed landscape as a setting for the suburban domicile (an idea pioneered by John Nash at Regent's Park in London) and re-fashioned it for the provincial town in a most original way. Nash's remodelling of St James's Park from 1827 and the sequence of processional routes he created to link The Mall with Regent's Park completely transformed the appearance of London's West End . With

2232-415: The early 19th century as a peaceful retreat for the family. The gardens have recently been returned to their original design with pools, summerhouses and plants appropriate to the period. A tunnel leads from the flowergarden to the dell and carries a causeway at high level across the gardens to allow the cattle, from the fields to the south of the garden, to be taken to the farm for milking without entering

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2304-454: The entrance on the north side and the facade on the south. The landscaping was designed to make the most of the uninterrupted views of the rolling hills across to the Pennines . A feature of this was the ha-ha , used to keep the grazing animals, so important to the landscaping, away from the formal lawns, with a barrier that was all-but invisible from the house. The state rooms include

2376-499: The establishment of Princes Park in 1842, Joseph Paxton did something similar for the benefit of a provincial town, albeit one of international stature by virtue of its flourishing mercantile sector. Liverpool had a burgeoning presence in global maritime trade before 1800, and during the Victorian era its wealth rivalled that of London itself. The form and layout of Paxton's ornamental grounds, structured about an informal lake within

2448-418: The estate. The walls provide a warm microclimate for crop cultivation and support for climbing plants. The Horticultural Centre staff now grow plants for the city's displays and for sale to the public. There are also demonstration gardens open to the public during the summer and a sensory garden . "The Friends of Heaton Park", a group formed in 1992 to promote an interest in the care of the park and to act as

2520-779: The form of walking, running, horse riding, mountain biking, snowshoeing, or cross-country skiing; or sedentary activity such as observing nature, bird watching, painting, photography, or picnicking. Limiting park or open space use to passive recreation over all or a portion of the park's area eliminates or reduces the burden of managing active recreation facilities and developed infrastructure. Many ski resorts combine active recreation facilities (ski lifts, gondolas, terrain parks, downhill runs, and lodges) with passive recreation facilities (cross-country ski trails). Many smaller neighborhood parks are receiving increased attention and valuation as significant community assets and places of refuge in heavily populated urban areas. Neighborhood groups around

2592-416: The gardens. The tunnel entrance is faced with large stones to give it the appearance of a natural cave. The orangery was added to the house by the 2nd Earl of Wilton around 1823. It was probably designed by Lewis Wyatt as it is similar to his orangeries at Tatton Park and Belton House . It was probably built for the wife of the 2nd Earl, Lady Mary Stanley, who was a keen botanist . It was designed with

2664-456: The greater the honour. There was usually an odd number of state rooms. At the centre of the facade , the largest and most lavish room (for example at Wilton House the famous Double Cube Room, or as seen at Blenheim Palace ), was a gathering place for the court of the important guest. Leading symmetrically from the grand centre room on either side were often one or two suites of smaller, but still very grand, state rooms, often in enfilade , for

2736-502: The home and western fronts in 1916) was located in and around Heaton Hall. On 27 November 2019, Liam Gallagher announced he would be playing a show in the park on 12 June 2020. The Manchester -born singer's show sold out within 3 hours after being put on sale at 9:00 am on 29 November 2019. The concert was ultimately cancelled, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic . On 27 August 2024, Oasis announced that they would be reuniting for

2808-525: The large amount of open space and natural habitat in the former pleasure grounds, they now serve as important wildlife refuges, and often provide the only opportunity for urban residents to hike or picnic in a semi-wild area. However, city managers or politicians can target these parks as sources of free land for other uses. Partly for this reason, some of these large parks have "friends of X park" advisory boards that help protect and maintain their semi-wild nature. There are around estimated 27,000 public parks in

2880-607: The largest municipal park in Europe. Heaton Park was sold to Manchester City Council in 1902 by the 5th Earl of Wilton . It has one of the United Kingdom's few concrete towers, the Heaton Park BT Tower . The park was renovated as part of a millennium project partnership between the Heritage Lottery Fund and Manchester City Council at a cost of over £10 million. It contains an 18-hole golf course ,

2952-484: The late 1990s and is now rented out to the public as short stay accommodation. Commissioned in 1807 by Sir Thomas Egerton, the Grand Lodge was designed by Lewis Wyatt as an impressive main entrance to the park from the south. The lodge is built of ashlar sandstone as a large triumphal arch and originally led onto one of the longest carriage drives to the house. It has two floors of accommodation, cellars under

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3024-567: The need to provide substantial space to congregate, typically involves intensive management, maintenance, and high costs. Passive recreation, also called "low-intensity recreation" is that which emphasizes the open-space aspect of a park and allows for the preservation of natural habitat. It usually involves a low level of development, such as rustic picnic areas, benches, and trails. Passive recreation typically requires little management and can be provided at very low costs. Some open space managers provide nothing other than trails for physical activity in

3096-437: The new needs of the 18th and 19th centuries, or where funds were available to simply add on extra wings to meet the new requirements. Examples of such residences with surviving state suites which have never really changed their function include Chatsworth House and Boughton House . The term "state" continued to be used in the names of individual rooms in some post 1720 houses (e.g. state dining room; state bedroom), but by then

3168-448: The ornamental temple is a simple, small rotunda of Tuscan columns with a domed roof and lantern . This Grade II listed building stands on the highest point of the city of Manchester giving views across the golf course , which was originally the deer park . It has its own fireplace and is thought to have been used as an observatory by the Earl who is known to have owned a telescope bought from Dollond's of London . The cost of

3240-542: The park can only be reached on foot and hence remains quiet and secluded. A bronze statue of an athlete, called The Runner , was installed in the park in 1960. It was created by John Longden, and modelled on himself. It was presented to the people of Manchester in 1959 by Longden's brother, Edward, who had previously served as the President of the Institute of British Foundrymen . Manchester City Council decided to place

3312-404: The park was built was purchased by Richard Vaughan Yates, an iron merchant and philanthropist, in 1841 for £50,000. The creation of Princes Park showed great foresight and introduced a number of highly influential ideas. First and foremost was the provision of open space for the benefit of townspeople and local residents within an area that was being rapidly built up. Secondly it took the concept of

3384-554: The park, headlined by popular bands of the day such as Travis and Supergrass . The park has been the venue for the BBC 's " Proms in the Park" on a number of occasions. Manchester band, Oasis , performed to a total audience of 210,000 over three nights in June 2009. In June 2012, Manchester band The Stone Roses played three sold-out shows at Heaton Park as part of their Reunion Tour . It

3456-494: The park, now on Middleton Road , was designed by Lewis Wyatt for the 1st Earl of Wilton in 1806. It was built in an unusual octagonal shape as a cottage to be viewed from the house in a romantic, rural setting, as well as being a home for the lodge keeper. The name comes from a blacksmith 's forge which was located nearby on Middleton Road. The lodge was fully restored with a grant from the Lottery Heritage fund in

3528-420: The past three years and 95 per cent expect their funding will continue to reduce". Parks can be divided into active and passive recreation areas. Active recreation is that which has an urban character and requires intensive development. It often involves cooperative or team activity, including playgrounds , ball fields, swimming pools, gymnasiums, and skateparks . Active recreation such as team sports, due to

3600-457: The principal influences on Olmsted and Calvert's design for New York's Central Park of 1857. Another early public park, the Peel Park, Salford , England, opened on 22 August 1846. Boston Common was purchased for public use grazing cows and as a military parade ground and dump in 1634. It first started to get recreational elements in 1728, arguably making it the first municipal park in

3672-429: The public.) and some EU states that have mostly recreation grounds for kids to play within a park, but may also have a duck pond, large grassy zones not meant exclusively for sports, many trees, and several bushy places. When it occurs as a separate facility on its own, without any parkland, at a street corner or by a shop, the play facility is called a playground . State room A state room or stateroom in

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3744-470: The second Earl in 1827. The races were run on a course around the park which included the site of the present day boating lake until 1839 when they moved to Aintree near Liverpool , now the venue for the Grand National . During the 19th century when the railway to Bury was being laid, it stopped short of Heaton Park, as Lord Wilton was not prepared to see his estate disfigured by a railway. As

3816-517: The sole use of the occupant of the final room at each end of the facade – the state bedroom . From the early 18th century, as aristocratic lifestyles slowly became less formal, there was a move on the one hand to increase the number of shared living rooms in a large house and to give them more specialised functions (music rooms and billiard rooms for example) and on the other hand to make bedroom suites more private. In houses from earlier than around 1720 which survived without major structural alteration,

3888-471: The south of the park, the houses providing much-needed homes until they were demolished in the 1960s. The school building was used by Manchester City Council until 2012, when it was demolished. The hall has been a Grade I Listed Building since 1952 and has been called "the finest house of its period in Lancashire ". It is built of sandstone and stuccoed brick, in a traditional Palladian design with

3960-424: The state rooms sometimes became a meaningless succession of drawing rooms and the original intention was lost. This is certainly true at Wilton House, Blenheim Palace , and Castle Howard . On the other hand, there were a few houses, and royal palaces , most of them exceptionally large, which were laid out in such a way that the state rooms could be left in their original form, while other rooms were converted to meet

4032-495: The statue in Heaton Park. It remained in the park until its theft in October 1968. Shortly after the Heaton Park was bought by Manchester Corporation the tramway was extended into the park and the first tram arrived on 31 May 1903, bringing visitors from Manchester. By 1934 buses were taking over from trams and the tramway was disconnected from the main system and covered in tarmac for use by buses. The initial idea, to construct

4104-407: The telescope was £18.5s.0d (£18.25) – the same amount earned in a year by the Earl's under- butler . The temple has recently been enclosed by a stone balustrade and gravelled path and is used as a summer studio for artists, and for astronomy sessions. The Dower House was a plain brick building that was transformed with a decorative columned façade in 1803. The ha-ha in front of the house stopped

4176-431: The way his voice had been reproduced, sending him a signed cartoon of himself. Grimshaw was the first person in Britain to give gramophone concerts in the open, an idea which soon spread across the country. The concerts were carried on for several seasons and as they grew in popularity, Grimshaw became known across Lancashire as the "Gramophone King" Since the 1980s a number of open air pop concerts have been held in

4248-490: The wealthy. In The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1982), Professor Galen Cranz identifies four phases of park design in the U.S. In the late 19th century, city governments purchased large tracts of land on the outskirts of cities to form "pleasure grounds": semi-open, charmingly landscaped areas whose primary purpose was to allow city residents, especially

4320-505: The west wing and an attic over the arch. The construction of the lodge completed the enclosure of the park by a 10-foot (3.0 m) high boundary wall. It was refurbished as part of the millennium project and is now rented out to the public as short stay accommodation. There is a memorial plaque here dedicated to the memory of the Manchester Pals who trained in the park in 1914. These ornamental gardens were probably laid out in

4392-496: The work of Italian artist, Biagio Rebecca . The organ fills one wall of the Music Room. The ornate plasterwork was created by the firm of Joseph Rose II of York . There are 13 rooms occasionally open to the public in the central core and east wing. Manchester City Galleries restored the decorative detail in the 1980s and early 1990s. The ground floor rooms on the north east front have been converted to an expansive space that houses temporary exhibitions. The first floor rooms include

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4464-488: The workers, to relax in nature. As time passed and the urban area grew around the parks, land in these parks was used for other purposes, such as zoos, golf courses and museums. These parks continue to draw visitors from around the region and are considered regional parks , because they require a higher level of management than smaller local parks. According to the Trust for Public Land , the three most visited municipal parks in

4536-531: The world are joining together to support local parks that have suffered from urban decay and government neglect. A linear park is a park that has a much greater length than width. A typical example of a linear park is a section of a former railway that has been converted into a park called a rail trail or greenway (i.e. the tracks removed, vegetation allowed to grow back). Some examples of linear parks in North America include New York's High Line and

4608-430: The year. The occupier of the house and his family actually lived in other apartments in the house. And unlike the main reception rooms of later houses, state apartments were not freely open to all the guests in the house. Admittance to them was a privilege, and the further one penetrated (there were many variations, but an apartment might include for example an anteroom ; withdrawing room; bedroom; dressing room; and closet)

4680-461: Was Home Farm, on the site of the 19th century glasshouse range where exotic foods and flowers were grown for the family. The Animal Centre was built in 2003–04 to replace the old Pets' Corner and houses goats , cattle , pigs , donkeys , Hebridean sheep , alpacas and Kune Kune pigs plus small pets. Hazlitt Wood Pond is located in Hazlitt Wood to the far north of the park. This area of

4752-473: Was a screening of Pulp Fiction with a film inspired set from the Fun Lovin' Criminals . The Shakespeare's Globe Theatre performs open-air theatre annually with performances of Shakespeare's greatest works in 2008, 2009 and A Midsummer Night's Dream in June 2010. A 5 km (3.1 mi) run against the clock is organised by Parkrun on Saturday mornings. There are often charity run events such as

4824-693: Was announced in February 2013 that Manchester's annual Parklife Weekender music festival will be held at Heaton Park for the foreseeable future. Manchester band Courteeners played their biggest headline show to date at the park on 5 June 2015. On 1 July 2016, the park hosted a concert and exhibition as part of the National Commemoration of the Centenary of the Battle of the Somme , which

4896-756: Was centred on Manchester. An act of Remembrance at the Cenotaph in St Peter's Square, Manchester was followed by the National Commemorative Service in Manchester Cathedral . People were invited to make a commemorative tile, with the results laid as a path through the park. An evening concert at Heaton Park featured a national children's choir, archive film, dance, spoken word and Manchester's Hallé Orchestra . The Experience Field (where visitors could learn more about life on

4968-530: Was of secondary importance. As urban land prices climbed, new urban parks in the 1960s and after have been mainly pocket parks . One example of a pocket park is Chess Park in Glendale, California. The American Society of Landscape Architects gave this park a General Design Award of Honor in 2006. These small parks provide greenery, a place to sit outdoors, and often a playground for children. All four types of park continue to exist in urban areas. Because of

5040-406: Was officially opened on 28 March 1980. The line has since been extended through the park to the boating lake where a second depot was built to house the expanded fleet of 14 trams. The municipal golf course is a championship standard golf course, built on the former deer park to the south of the hall with views across to the Pennines . Designed by five times Open Champion John Henry Taylor , it

5112-468: Was opened to the public in 1912 and has been the venue for a number of professional and amateur events. The golf centre, which has its own private driving range used for teaching purposes, is located at the Smithy Lodge, entrance to Heaton Park. The 11th hole is played across water to a plateau green and was rated by Open Champion Henry Cotton as "the toughest par-3 in England". The course was voted

5184-547: Was rented out to the Batthyány family to carry out such a project but the city had eventually taken back control and in 1813 announced a design competition to finally finish the park; works started in 1816. An early purpose-built public park, although financed privately, was Princes Park in the Liverpool suburb of Toxteth . This was laid out to the designs of Joseph Paxton from 1842 and opened in 1843. The land on which

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