26-548: [REDACTED] Look up heather in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Heather may refer to: Plants [ edit ] The heather family, or Ericaceae , particularly: Common heather or ling, Calluna Various species of the genus Cassiope Various species of the genus Erica Name [ edit ] Heather (given name) Heather (surname) Arts and media [ edit ] Heathers ,
52-459: A 1989 film directed by Michael Lehmann Heathers: The Musical , a musical by Laurence O'Keefe based on the film Heathers (TV series) , a 2018 television series based on the film "Heather" ( The Secret Circle ) , a television episode Music [ edit ] Heathers (band) , an acoustic singing duo from Ireland "Heather" (Beatles song) , an unreleased 1968 song by Paul McCartney and Donovan "Heather" (Conan Gray song) ,
78-562: A 2020 song by American singer Conan Gray "Heather", a song from fusion drummer Billy Cobham 's 1974 album Crosswinds "Heather", a 2001 song by Paul McCartney from the album Driving Rain "Heather", a song from Patent Pending by Heavens "Heather", a version of the Johnny Pearson song, "Autumn Reverie", which appeared on the Carpenters album Now & Then ”Heather”, a song from I Know Leopard ’s album Love
104-459: A healthy mycorrhizal network in the soil helps the plants to resist environmental stresses that might otherwise damage crop yield. Ericoid mycorrhizae are responsible for a high rate of uptake of nitrogen, which causes naturally low levels of free nitrogen in ericoid soils. These mycorrhizal fungi may also increase the tolerance of Ericaceae to heavy metals in soil, and may cause plants to grow faster by producing phytohormones . In many parts of
130-554: A lack of widespread consensus within the scientific community for extended periods. The continual publication of new data and diverse opinions plays a crucial role in facilitating adjustments and ultimately reaching a consensus over time. The naming of families is codified by various international bodies using the following suffixes: The taxonomic term familia was first used by French botanist Pierre Magnol in his Prodromus historiae generalis plantarum, in quo familiae plantarum per tabulas disponuntur (1689) where he called
156-693: Is a Landmine "Heather", a song from I Love You, I'm Trying by Grandson Places [ edit ] Heather, Leicestershire , a village in England Heather Preceptory , a preceptory of the Knights Hospitaller, established in the above village Heather St John's Football Club , an English football club based in the above village Heather, Missouri , a community in the United States Heather, Washington , an unincorporated community in
182-677: Is also typical of peat bogs and blanket bogs; examples include Rhododendron groenlandicum and species in the genus Kalmia . In eastern North America , members of this family often grow in association with an oak canopy, in a habitat known as an oak-heath forest . Plants in Ericaceae, especially species in Vaccinium , rely on buzz pollination for successful pollination to occur. The majority of ornamental species from Rhododendron are native to East Asia , but most varieties cultivated today are hybrids. Most rhododendrons grown in
208-499: Is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". The delineation of what constitutes a family— or whether a described family should be acknowledged— is established and decided upon by active taxonomists . There are not strict regulations for outlining or acknowledging a family, yet in the realm of plants, these classifications often rely on both the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plant species. Taxonomists frequently hold varying perspectives on these descriptions, leading to
234-430: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ericaceae The Ericaceae ( / ˌ ɛr ɪ ˈ k eɪ s i . aɪ , - iː / ) are a family of flowering plants , commonly known as the heath or heather family , found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it
260-683: Is not found in the Clethraceae and Cyrillaceae , the two families most closely related to the Ericaceae. Most Ericaceae (excluding the Monotropoideae, and some Epacridoideae) form a distinctive accumulation of mycorrhizae , in which fungi grow in and around the roots and provide the plant with nutrients. The Pyroloideae are mixotrophic and gain sugars from the mycorrhizae, as well as nutrients. The cultivation of blueberries, cranberries, and wintergreen for their fruit and oils relies especially on these unique relationships with fungi, as
286-485: Is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy . It is classified between order and genus . A family may be divided into subfamilies , which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae , but that family
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#1732779856246312-839: The 14th most species-rich family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry , blueberry , huckleberry , rhododendron (including azaleas ), and various common heaths and heathers ( Erica , Cassiope , Daboecia , and Calluna for example). The Ericaceae contain a morphologically diverse range of taxa, including herbs , dwarf shrubs , shrubs , and trees . Their leaves are usually evergreen , alternate or whorled, simple and without stipules . Their flowers are hermaphrodite and show considerable variability. The petals are often fused ( sympetalous ) with shapes ranging from narrowly tubular to funnelform or widely urn-shaped. The corollas are usually radially symmetrical ( actinomorphic ) and urn-shaped, but many flowers of
338-824: The United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Portugal, and other countries in Central and Western Europe. The most common examples of plants in Ericaceae which dominate heathlands are Calluna vulgaris , Erica cineria , Erica tetralix , and Vaccinium myrtillus . In heathland, plants in Ericaceae serve as host plants to the butterfly Plebejus argus . Other insects, such as Saturnia pavonia , Myrmeleotettix maculatus , Metrioptera brachyptera , and Picromerus bidens are closely associated with heathland environments. Reptiles thrive in heaths due to an abundance of sunlight and prey, and birds hunt
364-556: The United States Other uses [ edit ] Heather (fabric) , interwoven yarns of mixed colours producing muted greyish shades with flecks of colour Heather (yacht) , the original name of the yacht USS Sea Gull , built in 1902 Heather, brand name of a progestogen-only pill containing norethisterone (norethindrone) See also [ edit ] Heath (disambiguation) Heather Hills (disambiguation) Hurricane Heather Topics referred to by
390-1051: The United States are cultivated in the Pacific Northwest . The United States is the top producer of both blueberries and cranberries, with the state of Maine growing the majority of lowbush blueberry . The wide distribution of genera within Ericaceae has led to situations in which there are both American and European plants with the same name, e.g. blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum in North America and V. myrtillus in Europe) and cranberry ( V. macrocarpon in America and V. oxycoccos in Europe). Like other stress-tolerant plants, many Ericaceae have mycorrhizal fungi to assist with extracting nutrients from infertile soils , as well as evergreen foliage to conserve absorbed nutrients. This trait
416-540: The family as a rank intermediate between order and genus was introduced by Pierre André Latreille in his Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel (1796). He used families (some of them were not named) in some but not in all his orders of "insects" (which then included all arthropods ). In nineteenth-century works such as the Prodromus of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle and
442-560: The genus Rhododendron are somewhat bilaterally symmetrical ( zygomorphic ). Anthers open by pores. Michel Adanson used the term Vaccinia to describe a similar family, but Antoine Laurent de Jussieu first used the term Ericaceae. The name comes from the type genus Erica , which appears to be derived from the Greek word ereíkē ( ἐρείκη ). The exact meaning is difficult to interpret, but some sources show it as meaning 'heather'. The name may have been used informally to refer to
468-523: The group. One possible classification of the resulting family includes 9 subfamilies, 126 genera, and about 4,000 species: The Ericaceae have a nearly worldwide distribution. They are absent from continental Antarctica , parts of the high Arctic , central Greenland , northern and central Australia , and much of the lowland tropics and neotropics . The family is largely composed of plants that can tolerate acidic, infertile, shady conditions. Due to their tolerance of acidic conditions, this plant family
494-411: The insects and reptiles which are present. Some evidence suggests eutrophic rainwater can convert ericoid heaths with species such as Erica tetralix to grasslands . Nitrogen is particularly suspect in this regard, and may be causing measurable changes to the distribution and abundance of some ericaceous species. Family (biology) Family ( Latin : familia , pl. : familiae )
520-438: The monogeneric tribe Diplarcheae. In 2002, systematic research resulted in the inclusion of the formerly recognised families Empetraceae, Epacridaceae, Monotropaceae, Prionotaceae, and Pyrolaceae into the Ericaceae based on a combination of molecular, morphological, anatomical, and embryological data, analysed within a phylogenetic framework. The move significantly increased the morphological and geographical range found within
546-478: The plants before Linnaean times, and simply been formalised when Linnaeus described Erica in 1753, and then again when Jussieu described the Ericaceae in 1789. Historically, the Ericaceae included both subfamilies and tribes. In 1971, Stevens, who outlined the history from 1876 and in some instances 1839, recognised six subfamilies (Rhododendroideae, Ericoideae , Vaccinioideae , Pyroloideae , Monotropoideae , and Wittsteinioideae), and further subdivided four of
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#1732779856246572-457: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Heather . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heather&oldid=1245390021 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Plant common name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
598-575: The seventy-six groups of plants he recognised in his tables families ( familiae ). The concept of rank at that time was not yet settled, and in the preface to the Prodromus Magnol spoke of uniting his families into larger genera , which is far from how the term is used today. In his work Philosophia Botanica published in 1751, Carl Linnaeus employed the term familia to categorize significant plant groups such as trees , herbs , ferns , palms , and so on. Notably, he restricted
624-489: The subfamilies into tribes, the Rhododendroideae having seven tribes (Bejarieae, Rhodoreae, Cladothamneae, Epigaeae, Phyllodoceae, and Diplarcheae). Within tribe Rhodoreae, five genera were described, Rhododendron L. (including Azalea L. pro parte), Therorhodion Small, Ledum L., Tsusiophyllum Max., Menziesia J. E. Smith, that were eventually transferred into Rhododendron , along with Diplarche from
650-549: The use of this term solely within the book's morphological section, where he delved into discussions regarding the vegetative and generative aspects of plants. Subsequently, in French botanical publications, from Michel Adanson 's Familles naturelles des plantes (1763) and until the end of the 19th century, the word famille was used as a French equivalent of the Latin ordo (or ordo naturalis ). In zoology ,
676-464: The world, a "heath" or "heathland" is an environment characterised by an open dwarf- shrub community found on low-quality acidic soils, generally dominated by plants in Ericaceae. Heathlands are a broadly anthropogenic habitat, requiring regular grazing or burning to prevent succession. Heaths are particularly abundant – and constitute important cultural elements – in Norway,
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