54-467: The Heathrow Cargo Tunnel is a road tunnel in the London Borough of Hillingdon , London, UK that serves London Heathrow Airport . In December 1968, the tunnel first opened, to connect Terminals 1, 2 and 3 to the newly opened cargo terminal at Heathrow , and it cost £2 million to build. The tunnel is not open to the public; it is used only by vehicles with security clearance to drive airside. It
108-415: A former landfill site into Harmondsworth Moor. The Grand Union Canal passes through Hayes , Yiewsley , Cowley and Uxbridge in the borough. Ruislip Lido was built as a feeder reservoir for the canal, but was eventually disconnected and changed to become a recreational lido . Two Sites of Special Scientific Interest next to the canal, Frays Farm Meadows and Denham Lock Wood , are managed by
162-661: A more strategic role; and the split of functions between upper and lower tiers was recast. The Act classified the boroughs into inner and outer London groups. The City of London and its corporation were essentially unreformed by the legislation. Subsequent amendments to the Act have significantly amended the upper tier arrangements, with the Greater London Council abolished in 1986, and the Greater London Authority introduced in 2000. As of 2024 ,
216-706: A reduction from 33 to 32 boroughs, and in greater detail, Shoreditch to join Hackney ; Wanstead and Woodford to be added to Ilford to form ' Redbridge ' rather than join Waltham Forest ; Chislehurst and Sidcup to be divided between the Bromley and the Bexley ; East Barnet , Friern Barnet , Hendon , and Finchley to form a single borough (Barnet) , Enfield to join Edmonton and Southgate (to be simply Enfield ),
270-700: A retired Surrey magistrate and county councillor, co-led the opposition in Committee, having met residents who were all "resolutely and determinedly opposed to the Bill." He was instrumental in getting his own area, Epsom and Ewell, completely excluded. Charles Doughty , MP for East Surrey (including Coulsdon and Purley ), prophesied that "A shotgun marriage of the kind proposed in the Bill between Coulsdon, Purley and [the Borough of] Croydon can never be successful...The affinities of Coulsdon and Purley go south, not to
324-510: A single word if possible, and noting that "the best name will be the place recognised as the centre of the new borough". Double-barrelled names were to be prohibited. The 'Royal Borough of Charlton ' was proposed for the Greenwich and Woolwich metropolitan boroughs. Lewisham and Deptford were unable to agree on whether the borough should be named Lewisham, Deptford or after the central river/stream, Ravensbourne. The councils to become part of
378-472: Is 885 m (968 yd). The bored tunnel segments are precast concrete, with a 33 ft 9 in (10.29 m) internal diameter and 12 in (30 cm) thick. The segments are expanded directly against the ground, which is London Clay . The bored section of the cargo tunnel is notable among tunnelling engineers, for having been constructed with a remarkably thin cover of solid clay above it (minimum cover 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) clay beneath
432-625: Is Hillingdon Council, based at Hillingdon Civic Centre in Uxbridge. The borough is divided into 21 wards : Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly , the borough forms part of the Ealing and Hillingdon constituency. The Conservative candidate Richard Barnes won the 2000, 2004 and 2008 elections, and since the 2012 election the Labour candidate Onkar Sahota has served as
486-585: Is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , which created Greater London and a new local government structure within it. The Act significantly reduced the number of local government districts in the area, resulting in local authorities responsible for larger areas and populations. The upper tier of local government was reformed to cover the whole of the Greater London area and with
540-497: Is home to a number of independently run sports clubs: The south's former strong connection with industry has diminished since the 1980s to be replaced by a preponderantly residential suburban population; the north has remained a consistently residential suburban area, although with significant swathes of rural land. The borough's residential areas expanded with the extension of the Metropolitan Railway from Harrow on
594-590: Is situated in South Ruislip near the A40 and the tube station. Most early RAF airfields were named after the nearest railway station; in this case Northolt Junction, the original name of South Ruislip station. The station has been redeveloped in recent years to house a number of additional military capabilities besides the RAF operations, and is popular with business people and politicians for private flights. Hillingdon
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#1732779608116648-535: Is the second largest of the 32 London boroughs by area. The main towns in the borough are Hayes , Ruislip , Northwood , West Drayton and Uxbridge . Hillingdon is the second least densely populated of the London boroughs, due to a combination of rural land in the north, RAF Northolt Aerodrome , and Heathrow Airport. The borough was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963 , covering
702-562: Is twinned with: The borough has been twinned with the French town of Mantes-la-Jolie and the German town of Schleswig since the Hayes & Harlington Urban District created the link in 1958. The twinning programme was reviewed in 2011 and it was suggested that the link with Schleswig be ended owing to a lack of contact between the towns. In December 2011, the borough decided instead to end
756-474: Is used for cargo movements, and transfer of passengers to and from Terminal 4 (In 1986, Terminal 4 was built next to the cargo terminal). From 1972, a London Transport bus service (route 82) operated through the tunnel. In 1986, when Terminal 4 opened, a number of other bus routes then also passed through the tunnel. This was an unusual situation, because anyone could board the bus, and travel "airside" without going through any security checks. In 1989, in
810-884: The Beck Theatre in Hayes (which is operated on behalf of the borough by Trafalgar Entertainment ), the Compass Theatre in Ickenham, the Winston Churchill Theatre and Hall (part of the Manor Farm site) and the Open Air Theatre in Barra Hall Park in Hayes. The borough has seven Non-League football clubs: The borough is also home to Hillingdon Outdoor Activity Centre (HOAC), a water sports and activity centre. The centre
864-589: The Inner London Education Authority to administer schools and colleges in the 12 inner London boroughs. The remaining 20 outer boroughs became local education authorities in their own right. The London Traffic Area and the London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee , set up in 1924, were abolished, with the GLC gaining powers to regulate road traffic. An alteration was also made to
918-568: The London Borough of Barking and Dagenham . The Local Government Act 1985 abolished the Greater London Council and transferred its functions to the London borough councils, joint arrangements and to central government. The Inner London Education Authority continued to exist as a directly elected authority. The Education Reform Act 1988 abolished the Inner London Education Authority and made
972-615: The London Borough of Barnet suggested "Northgate" or "Northern Heights" as names. Islington and Finsbury (Borough 3) were also unable to come to a decision, with Finsbury preferring "New River" and Islington preferring Islington. Richmond and Twickenham (Borough 24) disagreed over which, if any of those names should appear in the new borough names. Suggestions for Enfield (Borough 32) included " Enfield Chase " and " Edmonton Hundred ". Nine names were without controversy and were proposed in September 1963. Six new names were proposed by
1026-484: The London Wildlife Trust . The borough also operates children's centres, recreational areas for children of under five years of age and their families. The centres include: Barra Hall, Belmore, Cherry Lane, Colham Manor, Cornerstone, Cowley St. Laurence, Harefield, Hillside, McMillan Early Childhood Centre, Nestles Avenue, Oak Farm, and Uxbridge College (Hayes Campus). The borough owns four theatres :
1080-488: The Metropolitan Police District to include the whole of Greater London, but the district continued to include a number of areas in surrounding counties. The composition of the London boroughs was given in schedule 1 of the act: As passed, the act did not include names for the new boroughs. Keith Joseph , the minister, asked local councils for suggestions as to possible names, asking that they be
1134-736: The River Colne in the north of the borough, to smaller gardens and parks such as the Norman Leddy Memorial Gardens and Lake Farm Country Park in the south of the borough. Council leader Raymond Puddifoot had given a promise that green-belt land in Hillingdon would be safe on his watch: 'I can give a categoric assurance that under this administration we will never see a threat to the green belt.' In August 2012, however, Mr Puddifoot announced plans to build on green-belt (and longtime common land ) site Lake Farm in
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#17327796081161188-1158: The Thistle London Heathrow in West Drayton . British Midland International had its training centre in Stockley Close, West Drayton. Hellenic Imperial Airways had its United Kingdom offices in the Axis House in Harlington . China Airlines had its UK office in the Hyde Park Hayes 3 (HPH3) in Hayes . One of the predecessor organisations of British Airways, British Overseas Airways Corporation , had its head office in Speedbird House. The other predecessor, British European Airways , had its headquarters in South Ruislip , as did BEA Helicopters . During its existence
1242-562: The Bill advanced its smooth passage summarising the Royal Commission's Report: One of those basic strands is that London Government must reflect the physical fact that Greater London is a single city with a recognisable existence of its own: it is a living organism with its heart, its limbs and its lungs. The Surrey [-proposed] Plan does not recognise this important basic fact. Secondly, the Government regard it as vital that
1296-584: The Ealing and Hillingdon London Assembly member. At the same election in 2012 Conservative candidate Boris Johnson won the largest share of Hillingdon's votes, becoming elected Mayor of London for a second term. From 2001 to 2011 the borough's population grew by 11.5% (4.4% above the England and Wales mean of 7.1%). By comparison Merton and Bromley grew by 4.5% and Tower Hamlets grew by 26.4%. The number of households increased from 2001 to 2011 by 3.3%, and
1350-590: The Hill to Uxbridge in the early 20th century and the gradual establishment of stops along the line, becoming known as " Metro-land ". Hillingdon has a large economy by national standards, ranked 14th out of 408 local area districts in Britain, and ranked fifth out of the London boroughs. British Airways is headquartered in Waterside , Harmondsworth , in Hillingdon. The building officially opened in 1998. Prior to
1404-540: The Hillingdon Music Service. National Rail and London Underground stations in the borough are: In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: driving a car or van, 34.5% of all residents aged 16–74; Underground, metro, light rail, tram, 7.9%; bus, minibus or coach, 7.9%; on foot, 4.6%; train, 2.8%; work mainly at or from home, 2.6%; passenger in a car or van, 2.0%. The Royal Air Force station RAF Northolt
1458-419: The London boroughs are more or less identical to those created in 1965, although with some enhanced powers over services such as waste management and education. The act set up a two-tier local government system, with powers divided between the newly formed Greater London Council (GLC), 32 new London borough councils and the existing City of London . The provisions of the act came into effect on 1 April 1965,
1512-685: The Minister in October 1963 for boroughs unable to decide upon a name The minister proposed a further twelve names in January 1964 Councillors for the metropolitan boroughs of Chelsea and Kensington were divided and opposed the loss of their two ancient parish names in combining, so the Minister for Housing and Local Government made one exception and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea came into being. The split of functions between
1566-534: The Opposition in both houses saw the Bill as being partisan, opposed London's re-casting and celebrated its predecessor: ...you mean to go through with this execution of the London County Council because they have been so successful and they have been so strongly supported for 28 years by the electorate. ...we believe that it is a party political Bill. We have been told that it is "politics in
1620-460: The Terrace gravels). There is one sump in the tunnel, at a low point about 300 m (330 yd) north of the south portal. The tunnel is one of the few in the United Kingdom that is ventilated by a fully transverse system – it has an air supply duct in the invert of the tunnel, and an air extract duct in the crown of the tunnel. Extraction and supply fans are sited in underground chambers at
1674-522: The Tottenham, Hornsey and Wood Green authorities to combine to form Haringey and at the most local level, Clapham and Streatham neighbourhoods to join Lambeth . The slightly amended form was laid before Parliament for substantive debates from November 1962 until April 1963. This proposed the eventually settled 32 more empowered boroughs forming a new administrative county. Ministerial proponents of
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1728-717: The United Kingdom until March 2005, when the Heathrow Airside Road Tunnel was opened to airside traffic next to it. London Borough of Hillingdon The London Borough of Hillingdon ( pronunciation ) is a London borough in Greater London , England. It forms part of outer London and West London , being the westernmost London borough. It was formed in 1965 from the districts of Hayes and Harlington , Ruislip-Northwood , Uxbridge , and Yiewsley and West Drayton . The borough includes most of Heathrow Airport and Brunel University , and
1782-461: The airline British Eagle had its head office on the grounds of Heathrow Airport. A 2017 study by Trust for London and New Policy Institute found that there is a 22% poverty rate in Hillingdon, slightly below the London-wide figure of 27%. It also found that 24% of Hillingdon's local employees are low-paid, narrowly above the London average of 21%. London Heathrow airport is located in
1836-469: The average number of people per household was 2.7. 37.1% of the borough's population identified themselves as White British in the 2021 census. In the south-east of the borough, in particular Hayes , there is a large population of South Asian residents. The wards where Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Residents comprise the largest racial groups are: Whites as a whole form 48.2% of the borough, Asian residents 33.3%, and Black residents 7.8%. In addition,
1890-872: The borough and is one of the busiest airports in the world. It was originally used by the Royal Air Force. The British Government's UK Visas and Immigration has two immigration removal centres: Colnbrook Immigration Removal Centre and Harmondsworth Immigration Removal Centre in Harmondsworth . The borough includes RAF Northolt and the former sites of RAF Eastcote , RAF South Ruislip , RAF West Drayton , RAF Ruislip 4MU, RAF West Ruislip and RAF Uxbridge . The borough maintains 17 libraries: Charville, Eastcote, Harefield, Harlington, Hayes End, Hayes, Ickenham, Manor Farm, Northwood Hills, Northwood, Oak Farm, Ruislip Manor, South Ruislip, Uxbridge, West Drayton, Yeading, and Yiewsley. Hillingdon has undertaken
1944-593: The boroughs should be fewer and larger so published its plan for 34 London boroughs in late 1961. In the County of London this reorganised the proposed boroughs so that combinations for the present boroughs of Camden, Westminster and Islington were achieved. The Hackney borough had Shoreditch rather than the Tower Hamlets borough. Lewisham would be standalone, Deptford would combine with Camberwell and Bermondsey, and Southwark and Lambeth would unite. Eastern Wandsworth
1998-559: The boroughs were given names in the act. Section 2 declared that the area comprising the areas of the London boroughs, the City and the Temples shall constitute an administrative area to be known as Greater London . An elected Greater London Council was to govern the new area. Section 3 abolished the administrative counties of Middlesex and London (created in 1889), and absorbed parts of Kent , Essex , Surrey and Hertfordshire plus
2052-466: The combined area of the former Municipal Borough of Uxbridge , Hayes and Harlington Urban District , Ruislip-Northwood Urban District and Yiewsley and West Drayton Urban District . The area was transferred from Middlesex to Greater London to become one of the 32 London Boroughs. The councils involved were initially unable to decide upon a name, with Keith Joseph suggesting "Uxbridge" in October 1963, later revised to Hillingdon. The local authority
2106-473: The councils of Romford, Barnet, Carshalton, Coulsdon and Purley, Feltham, Yiewsley and West Drayton to be removed from the area were turned down. Additionally, the department decided that the "northern part of the borough of Epsom and Ewell definitely forms part of Greater London and must be included". Epsom and Ewell would ultimately be excluded from the area in its entirety. Changes published in August 1962 saw
2160-470: The functions that need to be exercised over the whole of Greater London should be in the hands of a body with real positive powers. In no other way can such a Government be effective. ...but [in] ordinary human speech, how is it that such people can be so appalled at acknowledging that they live in what is the greatest capital city in the world? ... It would be ludicrous for the Government to go to this extent to try to reorganise metropolitan government for
2214-529: The interests of security, all public bus services were withdrawn from the tunnel. All public buses now enter the central area through the main tunnel. The cargo tunnel is bi-directional; it has one bore, carrying one lane in each direction. Each lane is 12 ft (3.7 m) wide, with a clear height of 16 ft 6 in (5.03 m). The tunnel consists of approximately 625 m (684 yd) of circular bored tunnel plus 130 m (140 yd) of rectangular cut-and-cover tunnel at each end. Its total length
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2268-760: The largest school expansion programme in London, ensuring that all children within the borough can go to a school close to where they live. In May 2011, Hillingdon Council received the Library Innovation of the Year award at the 2011 Bookseller Industry Awards. Also within the borough are Brunel University and Uxbridge College 's Uxbridge and Hayes campuses, as well as the Douay Martyrs Catholic Secondary School and St Bernadette Catholic Primary School. The London Borough of Hillingdon also offers music lessons as part of
2322-480: The link with a second German town, Emden , citing administrative problems. The coat of arms for the London Borough of Hillingdon was granted on 22 March 1965. Between 1973 and 1978, the borough's civic centre was built in Uxbridge. 51°30′N 0°27′W / 51.500°N 0.450°W / 51.500; -0.450 London Government Act 1963 The London Government Act 1963 (c. 33)
2376-588: The most common main language, English (77.9%), is followed by Punjabi (4.7%), Polish (1.7%), Tamil (1.6%) and Urdu (1.1%). The borough maintains over 200 green spaces, totalling around 1,800 acres (730 ha). As much of the area is within the Metropolitan Green Belt it was, in 2008, one of the least densely populated of all the London boroughs ; open spaces range in size from the Colne Valley Regional Park by
2430-981: The new authorities were: A royal commission was appointed in 1957 under the chairmanship of Sir Edwin Herbert to consider future local government structures in Greater London. The commission delivered its report in October 1960 proposing the creation of a Greater London with 52 Greater London Boroughs. The Greater London area set up by the 1963 Act was very similar to that proposed by the Herbert Report but excluded Banstead , Caterham and Warlingham , Esher , Walton and Weybridge in Surrey, Chigwell in Essex, Cheshunt in Hertfordshire , and Staines and Sunbury in Middlesex. The government considered that
2484-587: The new councils having been elected as "shadow authorities" in 1964. Section 1 of the act established 32 London boroughs, each of which was to be governed by an elected borough council, and was to be regulated by the Municipal Corporations Act 1882 and Local Government Act 1933 ( 23 & 24 Geo. 5 . c. 51). Twelve of the boroughs, corresponding to the former County of London , were designated Inner London boroughs . The remaining twenty boroughs were designated Outer London boroughs . None of
2538-471: The next half century and boggle at including in it the whole of the metropolitan continuous built-up area. I invite hon. Members on both sides to agree that, whatever may have been the merits of saying that the area of the L.C.C. was London in 1848, it is idle to say in 1962 that the frontiers are the same now. Plainly, in the more than 70 years since the L.C.C. came into existence, the whole pattern of London has been transformed. The leaders and all members of
2592-443: The north and east. This is a very bad part of the Bill." The Bill passed, and the boundaries including this fusion, have lasted since 1 April 1965. The Local Government Act 1972 provided a mechanism for councils to change their names: the London Borough of Hammersmith and the London Borough of Barking changed their names after their creation to contain a second locality, to form the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham and
2646-509: The north end and the south end of the tunnel, at the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) launch and retrieval chambers. Consulting Engineer for the works was Sir William Halcrow and Partners , with Hoare Lea & Partners advising on electrical and mechanical services. The tunnel was built by Taylor Woodrow Construction , with E&M fitout by Halliday Hall and Aerex. The cargo tunnel was the only privately operated road tunnel in
2700-803: The opening of Waterside, the airline's head office was the Speedbird House at London Heathrow Airport . An office of American Airlines is located at the Orient House (HAA3) within Waterside. In 2007 Cadbury Schweppes announced it would be moving to Uxbridge from Mayfair to cut costs. The company later split and Cadbury plc moved to its new head office in Cadbury House in the Uxbridge Business Park in June 2008. Guoman Hotel Management (UK) Limited has its head office in
2754-411: The raw". It certainly is. If London County Council can be destroyed for political reasons, so can the City of London Common Council. Five Conservative MPs (for North-West Croydon, South Croydon, Carshalton, Wimbledon and East Surrey) sympathised with a petition from 20,000 to 30,000 people from Croydon and two hillside semi-rural towns not to join London. Former Labour Home Secretary James Chuter Ede ,
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#17327796081162808-425: The south of the borough. Dismissing the discontent of residents in the south of the borough, the Conservative majority of the council's planning committee peremptorily rubber-stamped the plans in March 2013. Harmondsworth Moor, a park owned by the borough, is administered by British Airways on behalf of the borough. After British Airways planned to create a new headquarters in 1992, the airline agreed to convert
2862-625: The whole of the City of London to form the administrative area of Greater London. As well as the two counties, the twenty-eight existing metropolitan boroughs , plus all county boroughs , county districts or parishes that fell wholly within Greater London were to cease to exist, along with their councils. No part of Greater London was to form part of any administrative county, county district or parish. Three Middlesex urban districts not included in Greater London were transferred to other counties: Potters Bar to Hertfordshire and Staines and Sunbury-on-Thames to Surrey . The act also established
2916-509: Was to form a borough in itself, with western Wandsworth being paired with Battersea. Outside the former County of London, the outer London boroughs were to be: The Minister of Housing and Local Government announced, on their request, that five urban districts (Cheshunt, Chigwell, Esher, Staines and Sunbury) were to be excluded from Greater London on 18 May 1961, having earlier confirmed the widely expected exclusion of Banstead , Caterham and Warlingham and Walton and Weybridge . Requests from
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