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72-417: The earthquake caused minimal damage and no fatalities due to the distance of its epicenter from populated centers. The significance of this earthquake lies in the fact that, firstly, it had a relatively-high magnitude but caused little damage and secondly, it offered more evidence that stress accumulation over time causes earthquakes. It is thought that the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake may have been triggered by

144-503: A Neutra masterpiece, many families could adopt aspects of Palm Springs modern." Hollywood values permeated the resort as it combined celebrity, health, new wealth, and sex. As Culver (2010) explains: "The bohemian sexual and marital mores already apparent in Hollywood intersected with the resort atmosphere of Palm Springs, and this new, more open sexuality would gradually appear elsewhere in national tourist culture." During this period,

216-565: A cluster of off-fault aftershocks of the 1992 Landers earthquake . The largest of the twelve foreshocks had a magnitude of 3.8 and occurred at 7:41 PM PDT on the 15th of October. This strike-slip earthquake occurred in a remote part of the Mojave Desert , 47 miles (76 km) east-southeast of Barstow, California , inside the Twentynine Palms Marine Corps Base . Strike-slip faults are fractures where

288-538: A conflict of interest while Bogert acted as conservator for tribal land which was being demolished by the city, and racist comments regarding the "poor Blacks" who lived in Section 14, as justification for removing a statue of Bogert on horseback placed in 1990 in front of the Palm Springs City Hall. The City Council of Palm Springs ordered its removal in 2021 and formally apologized for the eviction of

360-411: A half months later, no freeway bridges collapsed because of the epicenter's remote location. Electricity was cut to thousands of residents but was generally restored within two to three hours. There was also some damage to homes from water displaced from swimming pools. Loss of life in this earthquake was minimal. Two people died as a result of heart attacks, and a 3-year-old boy from Massachusetts , who

432-412: A hotel across the street from his residence. Murray did so in 1886 (he later became a famous horticulturalist). The crops and irrigation systems suffered flooding in 1893 from record rainfall, and then an 11-year drought (1894–1905) caused further damage. The city became a fashionable resort in the 1900s when health tourists arrived with conditions that required dry heat. Because of the heat, however,

504-638: A hotel and sanitarium in 1909. It was expanded as a modern hotel in 1927 and continued on until 1967. Coffman herself was a "driving force" in the city's tourism industry until her death in 1950. James's Wonders of the Colorado Desert (above) was followed in 1920 by J. Smeaton Chase 's Our Araby: Palm Springs and the Garden of the Sun , which also promoted the area. In 1924 Pearl McCallum (daughter of Judge McCallum) returned to Palm Springs and built

576-566: A maximum vertical displacement of 1.8 m (5.9 ft). Damage to the area directly surrounding the epicenter was severe. Roads were buckled. Buildings and chimneys collapsed. There were also large surface fissures. To the west in the Los Angeles Basin damage was much less severe. The majority of the damage in the Los Angeles area involved items that had fallen off shelves. Unlike the 1994 Northridge earthquake nineteen and

648-545: A mid-century modern theme. The city holds a Modernism Week celebration every February, along with several related smaller events during the year. Palm Springs is located in the Sonoran Desert . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 95.0 square miles (246 km ), of which 94.1 square miles (244 km ) is land and 0.9 square miles (2.3 km ) (1%)

720-732: A month." In 2021 the California Attorney General's office later called the displacement a "city-engineered holocaust", depriving dozens of Black and Latino people of generational wealth. After existing non-Indian residents were evicted in the 1960s, the tribe built the Spa Hotel and Casino downtown and the city built the Palm Springs Convention Center ; also, the tribe leased land for developers to build hotels and condos. The Palm Springs Human Relations Commission cited this history, as well as

792-592: A new larger store in the mall. Joseph Magnin Co. opened a 26,000-square-foot (2,400 m ) department store in the mall in 1969, meaning that together with a Sears at 611 Palm Canyon Dr., for two decades, downtown boasted seven department stores, plus the Palm Springs Mall 1.5 miles (2.5 km) to the east operating from 1959 to 2005. When the United States entered World War II , Palm Springs and

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864-895: A variety of native Low Desert flora and fauna. A notable tree occurring in the wild and under cultivation is the California Fan Palm, Washingtonia filifera . The fauna of Palm Springs is mostly species adapted to desert, temperature extremes and to lack of moisture. It is located within the Nearctic faunistic realm in a region containing an assemblage of species similar to Northern Africa. Native fauna includes pronghorns , desert bighorn sheep , desert tortoise , kit fox , desert iguanas , horned lizards , chuckwalla , bobcats , mountain lions and Gila monsters . Other animals include ground squirrels , rock squirrels , porcupines , skunks , cactus mice , kangaroo rats , pocket gophers and raccoons . Desert birds here include

936-563: Is 124 °F or 51.1 °C on July 5, 2024. The climate of Palm Springs is suitable for some palm trees, although tropical types that need more water and humidity do not grow as well. On October 1, 2024 the temperature in Palm Springs reached 117 °F (47.2 °C), tying the record for the highest temperature in the United States in October, after the same temperature was reached in nearby Mecca on October 5, 1917. The locale features

1008-498: Is 19 °F or −7.2 °C, on January 22, 1937. Summers are extremely hot, with daytime temperatures consistently surpassing 110 °F or 43.3 °C while overnight temperatures often remain above 80 °F or 26.7 °C. The mean annual temperature is 75.6 °F (24.2 °C). There are on average 176.6 afternoons with a high reaching 90 °F or 32.2 °C, and 100 °F or 37.8 °C can be seen on 114.8 afternoons. The highest temperature on record in Palm Springs

1080-664: Is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California , United States, within the Colorado Desert 's Coachella Valley . The city covers approximately 94 square miles (240 km ), making it the largest city in Riverside County by land area. With multiple plots in checkerboard pattern, more than 10% of the city is part of the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians reservation land and

1152-524: Is also considered part of the regional sequence and may have been triggered by surface wave energy produced by the Landers earthquake. Foreshock activity, in the form of a significant increase in micro-earthquakes, was observed at Little Skull Mountain following the Landers earthquake, and the activity continued until the main LSM earthquake. The Landers earthquake and the other large quakes associated with it in

1224-521: Is the administrative capital of the most populated reservation in California . The population of Palm Springs was 44,575 as of the 2020 census , but because Palm Springs is a retirement location and a winter snowbird destination, the city's population triples between November and March. The city is noted for its mid-century modern architecture, design elements, arts and cultural scene, and recreational activities. The first humans to settle in

1296-540: Is thought to be an example of increased fault stress from a separate quake which built over seven years until finally rupturing in 1999. As a result, studying of the Landers earthquake became quite important in understanding this new earthquake near the turn of the century. During a fault rupture, stress is released as two sides of fault slip and move past each other. Stress can be transferred from one fault to adjacent faults, causing subsequent fault ruptures. By nature, foreshocks are not possible to identify as such until after

1368-911: Is water. Located in the Coachella Valley desert region, Palm Springs is sheltered by the San Bernardino Mountains to the north, the Santa Rosa Mountains to the south, by the San Jacinto Mountains to the west and by the Little San Bernardino Mountains to the east. Palm Springs has a hot desert climate ( BWh in Köppen-Geiger classification ), with over 300 days of sunshine and 4.93 inches (125.2 mm) of rainfall annually. The wettest “rain year” on record

1440-605: The 1992 Landers earthquake seven years prior, since the recurrence interval of large earthquakes in the Eastern California Shear Zone is considered to be in the order of thousands of years. That event had a magnitude of 7.3, similar to the Hector Mine quake, was also a strike slip event. Another reason why the Landers earthquake is likely to have triggered the Hector Mine earthquake as they both occurred 20 kilometers apart. The Hector Mine earthquake

1512-481: The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians is composed of several smaller bands who live in the modern-day Coachella Valley and San Gorgonio Pass . The Agua Caliente Reservation occupies 32,000 acres (13,000 ha), of which 6,700 acres (2,700 ha) lie within the city limits, making the Agua Caliente natives the city's largest landowners. (Tribal enrollment as of 2010 was 410 people. ) As of 1821 Mexico

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1584-775: The Agua Caliente Reservation was established by the United States government in 1876, the reservation land was composed of alternating sections (640 acres or 260 ha) of land laid out across the desert in a checkerboard pattern . The alternating non-reservation sections were granted to the Southern Pacific Railroad as an incentive to bring rail lines through the Sonoran Desert . A number of streets and areas in Palm Springs are named for Native American notables, including Andreas, Arenas, Amado, Belardo, Lugo, Patencio, Saturnino, and Chino. All of these are common Cahuilla surnames. Presently

1656-544: The Alexander Construction Company built some 2,200 houses in Palm Springs effectively doubling its housing capacity. As the 1970s drew to a close, increasing numbers of retirees moved to the Coachella Valley. As a result, Palm Springs began to evolve from a virtual ghost town in the summer to a year-round community. Businesses and hotels that used to close for the months of July and August instead remained open all summer. As commerce grew, so too did

1728-711: The Coachella and Stagecoach Festivals in nearby Indio attract younger people, making greater Palm Springs a more attractive area to retire. Following the 2008 recession, Palm Springs revitalized its Downtown, "the Village". Rebuilding started with the demolition of the Bank of America building in January 2012, with the Desert Fashion Plaza scheduled for demolition in 2013. In 2020, Christy Holstege became

1800-474: The Gulf of California . The earthquake is featured in the television documentary series produced by GRB Entertainment , aired on The Learning Channel and other television channels around the world, about natural disasters titled Earth's Fury (also known internationally as Anatomy of Disaster ) in an episode entitled "Earthquake!" Palm Springs, California Palm Springs ( Cahuilla : Séc-he )

1872-530: The Kaufmann Desert House . A modernist classic, this mostly glass residence incorporated the latest technological advances in building materials, using natural lighting and floating planes and flowing space for proportion and detail. In recent years an energetic preservation program has protected and enhanced many classic buildings. Culver (2010) argues that Palm Springs architecture became the model for mass-produced suburban housing, especially in

1944-438: The Mojave Desert , contained the surface rupture of the Hector Mine earthquake. This did not cause extensive damage to the base. Two California highway bridges were also damaged. The biggest report of damage was a derailed westbound Amtrak Southwest Chief train which left rails split up and a total of twenty-one cars completely off the track. The train was traveling near the epicenter when the quake struck. The combined force of

2016-687: The Torney General Hospital , with Italian prisoners of war serving as kitchen help and orderlies in 1944 and 1945. Through the war it was staffed with 1,500 personnel and treated some 19,000 patients. General Patton's Desert Training Center encompassed the entire region, with its headquarters in Camp Young at the Chiriaco Summit and an equipment depot maintained by the 66th Ordnance in present-day Palm Desert . Architectural modernists flourished with commissions from

2088-546: The 10 year limit on the leases. After changes in the Indian Leasing Act in 1959, long term leases were permitted. Mayor Frank Bogert and other city officials advocated to the conservators that managed the tribe's leases to end the short term leases and enter into long term leases to largely white property owners for redevelopment. City funds were used to clear the land for redevelopment, including burning "shacks and makeshift homes... [which had] rented for $ 20 to $ 40

2160-538: The 1963 movie Palm Springs Weekend , the number of visitors grew and at times the gatherings had problems. In 1969 an estimated 15,000 people had gathered for a concert at the Palm Springs Angel Stadium and 300 were arrested for drunkenness or disturbing the peace. In the 1980s, 10,000 or more college students would visit the city and form crowds and parties—and another rampage occurred in 1986 when Palm Springs Police in riot gear had to put down

2232-554: The 1992 Landers earthquake which in the same area. 1992 Landers earthquake The 1992 Landers earthquake occurred on Sunday, June 28 with an epicenter near the town of Landers , California, in San Bernardino County. The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX ( Violent ). At 4:57 a.m. local time (11:57 UTC ) on June 28, 1992, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake awoke much of Southern California. Though it turned out it

1999 Hector Mine earthquake - Misplaced Pages Continue

2304-495: The 1999 Hector Mine earthquake was one of four earthquakes recorded with a magnitude of 7 or greater. The earthquake was one of the strongest to occur during the last 100 years. The event was named after a nearby quarry in the Mojave Desert , located 22 kilometers (14 mi) northwest of the epicenter. Despite its size, it did not cause nearly as much damage compared to the smaller magnitude 6.7 1994 Northridge earthquake due to its remote location from populated areas. The earthquake

2376-466: The 21st century. Palm Springs (as well as surrounding areas) became a desired destination as the COVID-19 pandemic began; the city saw an increase of residents from larger cities like Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle, with new residents seeking less dense areas from which to work remotely. Since the early 1950s the city had been a popular spring break resort. Glamorized as a destination in

2448-774: The Cahuillas often spent the summers in Indian Canyons, the current site of the former Spa Resort Casino, in downtown, was often used during winter due to its natural hot springs. Native American petroglyphs can be seen in Tahquitz , Chino , and Indian Canyons. The Cahuilla's irrigation ditches, dams, and house pits can also be seen here. Ancient petroglyphs, pictographs and mortar holes can be seen in Andreas Canyon. The mortar holes were used to grind acorns into meal. The Agua Caliente ("Hot Water") Reservation

2520-636: The Chi Chi nightclub opening in 1936. Besides the gambling available at the Dunes Club, other casinos included The 139 Club and The Cove Club outside of the city. Bullock's , a large upscale department store on Broadway in Los Angeles , opened a Spanish Colonial-style "resort store" within the Desert Inn complex in 1930. When Bullock's opened a full department store at 151 Palm Canyon Drive in 1947, J. W. Robinson's , another large L.A. store, took

2592-657: The Coachella Valley were important in the war effort. The original airfield near Palm Springs became a staging area for the Air Corps Ferrying Command 's 21st Ferrying Group in November 1941 and a new airfield was built 1 ⁄ 2 mile (0.8 km) from the old site. The new airfield, designated Palm Springs Army Airfield, was completed in early 1942. Personnel from the Air Transport Command 560th Army Air Forces Base Unit stayed at

2664-696: The La Paz Guest Ranch and training was conducted at the airfield by the 72nd and 73rd Ferrying Squadrons. Later training was provided by the IV Fighter Command 459th Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron. Eight months before Pearl Harbor Day, the El Mirador Hotel was fully booked and adding new facilities. After the war started, the U.S. government bought the hotel from owner Warren Phinney for $ 750,000, just over $ 13,000,000 if including inflation in 2020, and converted it into

2736-506: The Landers mainshock, was originally considered an aftershock. However, the United States Geological Survey determined that this was a separate, but related, earthquake. These two earthquakes are considered a regional earthquake sequence, rather than a main shock and aftershock. The magnitude 5.7 Little Skull Mountain (LSM) earthquake the following day, June 29, 1992, at 10:14 UTC near Yucca Mountain , Nevada,

2808-725: The Mojave region have been attributed to two possible long-term trends. One of these is that the San Andreas Fault may be in the process of being replaced as the plate boundary (between the North American plate and the Pacific plate) by a new trend across the Mojave and east of the Sierra Nevada Mountains . The other is that these quakes were a manifestation of the propagation of rifting coming up from

2880-613: The Oasis Hotel with her husband Austin G. McManus; the Modern/Art Deco resort was designed by Lloyd Wright and featured a 40-foot (12 m) tower. The next major hotel was the El Mirador, a large and luxurious resort that attracted the biggest movie stars; opening in 1927, its prominent feature was a 68-foot-tall (21 m) Renaissance style tower. Silent film star Fritzi Ridgeway 's 100-room Hotel del Tahquitz

2952-428: The Section 14 residents. After legal objections to its removal from Bogert's supporters and family members were rejected by the courts, the statue was relocated on July 13, 2022. Section 14 residents are still seeking financial reparations for the evictions. Similar to the pre-war era, Palm Springs remained popular with the rich and famous of Hollywood, as well as retirees and Canadian tourists. Between 1947 and 1965,

1999 Hector Mine earthquake - Misplaced Pages Continue

3024-547: The Southwest. This "Desert Modern" style was a high-end architectural style featuring open-design plans, wall-to-wall carpeting, air-conditioning, swimming pools, and very large windows. As Culver concludes, "While environmentalists might condemn desert modern, the masses would not. Here, it seemed, were houses that fully merged inside and outside, providing spaces for that essential component of Californian—and indeed middle-class American—life: leisure. While not everyone could have

3096-622: The area in 1922. Palm Springs became popular with movie stars in the 1930s and estate building expanded into the Movie Colony neighborhoods, Tahquitz River Estates, and Las Palmas neighborhoods. Actors Charles Farrell and Ralph Bellamy opened the Racquet Club in 1934 and Pearl McCallum opened the Tennis Club in 1937. Nightclubs were set up as well, with Al Wertheimer opening The Dunes outside of Palm Springs in 1934 and

3168-517: The area were the Cahuilla people , who arrived 2,000 years ago. Cahuilla Indians lived here in isolation from other cultures for hundreds of years prior to European contact. They spoke Ivilyuat , which is a Uto-Aztecan language . Numerous prominent and powerful Cahuilla leaders were from the area, including Cahuilla Lion ( Chief Juan Antonio ). Palm Canyon was occupied during the winter months, but they often moved to cooler Chino Canyon during

3240-561: The blocks have mostly moved horizontally. If the block under the right foot of the observer straddling the fault moves towards the observer, the slip style is termed right lateral; if the block under the observer's left foot moves towards the observer, the fault is termed left lateral. This right-lateral strike-slip quake involved rupturing the Lavic Lake fault and the Bullion Fault. Within the last two months of when it occurred,

3312-536: The city government, stimulated by real estate developers, systematically removed and excluded poor people and Indians. Palm Springs was pictured by the French photographer Robert Doisneau in November 1960 as part of an assignment for Fortune on the construction of golf courses in this particularly dry and hot area of the Colorado desert. Doisneau submitted around 300 slides following his ten-day stay depicting

3384-479: The earthquake was primarily in the desert, movement could be felt through many parts of California, including Palm Springs . An examination of deformation following the earthquake reported horizontal and vertical motion of several millimeters on multiple faults in the vicinity. The 1999 Hector Mine earthquake resulted in segments of aftershocks in the nearby area. The most notable of them, due to their large magnitudes, occurred several kilometers both north and south to

3456-403: The former Bullock's location and opened its own resort store there. Southern California's first self-contained shopping center was in Palm Springs, La Plaza (originally Palm Springs Plaza) , and on-street, open air center anchored by a small Desmond's department store , in 1936. The three-level parking garage for 141 cars was an innovation and the largest in Riverside County at that time. In

3528-479: The lifestyle of wealthy retirees and Hollywood stars in the 1960s. At the time, Palm Springs counted just 19 courses, which had grown to 125 by 2010. Section 14 is a square mile of land owned by the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians within close walking distance of downtown. Former residents in this area, mostly black people and other people of color, lived in land leased in short terms by individual Indigenous owners. Commercial development did not occur due to

3600-406: The main shock or largest magnitude of shaking occurs. For this reason, they can not be used to predict larger earthquakes or give warnings to residents of the affected area. That being said, it was determined after the fact that a sequence of twelve foreshocks preceded the Hector Mine main shock. These foreshocks progressed northward 20 hours before the mainshock, and occurred in the same location as

3672-499: The main shock. These aftershocks were measured to be of magnitude 5.9 and 5.7 The earthquake and its aftershocks resulted in surface deformation of several millimeters vertically and horizontally on many of the surrounding pre-existing faults in the area. Again, due to the remote location of this earthquake's epicenter, no new precautions needed to be taken or implemented in the aftermath of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake. However, this earthquake prompted further research into its precursor:

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3744-580: The mayor of Palm Springs, which made her the first openly bisexual mayor in the United States, as well as the first female mayor of Palm Springs. The following year, Lisa Middleton became mayor, making her the first openly transgender mayor in California history. The movement behind mid-century modern architecture (1950s/60s era) in Palm Springs is backed by architecture enthusiasts, designers, and local historians to preserve many of Palm Springs' buildings and homes of famous celebrities, businessmen, and politicians. Stores sell furniture and gifts that feature

3816-452: The mid-twentieth century across the street on Palm Canyon Drive were department stores like Bullock's / Bullocks Wilshire ( No.  151, 1947–1990), J. W. Robinson's (No. 333, 1958–1987), and Saks Fifth Avenue (opened October 16, 1959, at No. 490), forming a large shopping district. In 1967 the Desert Fashion Plaza mall was built, I. Magnin opened there (closed 1992) and Saks closed its previous location and moved into

3888-566: The name was already in wide acceptance. The area was named "Palm Valley" when McCallum incorporated the "Palm Valley Land and Water Company" with partners O.C. Miller, H.C. Campbell, and James Adams, M.D. McCallum, who had brought his ill son to the dry climate for health, brought in irrigation advocate Dr. Oliver Wozencroft and engineer J. P. Lippincott to help construct a canal from the Whitewater River to fruit orchards on his property. He also asked Dr. Welwood Murray to establish

3960-532: The native California fan palm, Washingtonia filifera , which is abundant in the Palm Springs area. Other early names were "Palmetto Spring" and "Big Palm Springs". The first European resident in Palm Springs itself was Jack Summers, who ran the stagecoach station on the Bradshaw Trail in 1862. Fourteen years later (1876), the Southern Pacific railroad was laid 6 miles (9.5 km) to

4032-426: The north, isolating the station. In 1880, local Indian Pedro Chino was selling parcels near the springs to William Van Slyke and Mathew Bryne in a series of questionable transactions; they in turn brought in W. R. Porter to help market their property through the "Palm City Land and Water Company". By 1885, when San Francisco attorney (later known as "Judge") John Guthrie McCallum began buying property in Palm Springs,

4104-420: The number of families with children. The recession of 1973–1975 affected Palm Springs as many of the wealthy residents had to cut back on their spending. Later in the 1970s numerous Chicago mobsters invested $ 50 million in the Palm Springs area, buying houses, land, and businesses. While Palm Springs faced competition from the desert cities to the east in the later 1980s, it has continued to prosper into

4176-404: The population dropped markedly in the summer months. In 1906 naturalist and travel writer George Wharton James 's two volume The Wonders of the Colorado Desert described Palm Springs as having "great charms and attractiveness" and included an account of his stay at Murray's hotel. As James also described, Palm Springs was more comfortable in its microclimate because the area was covered in

4248-473: The quake and train caused several rails to come loose and fully derail parts of the train. The Amtrak train suffered repairable damage. There were no deaths; only minor injuries were reported, some of which needed treatment. The earthquake did not affect human life on a large scale due to the time at which it occurred: 2:46am. Despite the large magnitude, damage to the area was limited due to the affected region being mostly desert and very sparsely populated. While

4320-521: The region became part of the United States in 1848. One possible origin of palm in the place name comes from early Spanish explorers who referred to the area as La Palma de la Mano de Dios or "The Palm of God's hand". The earliest use of the name "Palm Springs" is from United States Topographical Engineers who used the term in 1853 maps. According to William Bright , when the word "palm" appears in Californian place names, it usually refers to

4392-449: The rowdy crowd. In 1990, due to complaints by residents, mayor Sonny Bono and the city council closed the city's Palm Canyon Drive to spring breakers and the downtown businesses, normally filled with tourists, lost money. Tourism is a major factor in the city's economy with 1.6 million visitors in 2011. The city has over 130 hotels and resorts, numerous bed and breakfasts , and over 100 restaurants and dining spots. Events such as

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4464-465: The rupture of several different faults over a length of 75 to 85 km (47 to 53 mi). The names of those that were involved are the Johnson Valley, Kickapoo (also known as Landers), Homestead Valley, Homestead/Emerson, Emerson Valley and Camp Rock faults. The surface rupture extended for 70 km (43 mi), with a maximum horizontal displacement of 5.5 m (18 ft) and

4536-498: The shadow of Mount San Jacinto to the west and in the winter the mountains block cold winds from the San Gorgonio Pass . Early illustrious visitors included John Muir and his daughters, U.S. Vice President Charles Fairbanks , and Fanny Stevenson , widow of Robert Louis Stevenson . Murray's hotel was closed in 1909 and torn down in 1954. Nellie N. Coffman and her physician husband Harry established The Desert Inn as

4608-400: The stars, using the city to explore architectural innovations, new artistic venues, and an exotic back-to-the-land experiences. Inventive architects designed unique vacation houses, such as steel houses with prefabricated panels and folding roofs, a glass-and-steel house in a boulder-strewn landscape, and a carousel house that turned to avoid the sun's glare. In 1946, Richard Neutra designed

4680-459: The summer months. The Cahuilla Indians had several permanent settlements in the canyons of Palm Springs due to the abundance of water and shade. Various hot springs were used during wintertime. The Cahuilla hunted rabbit, mountain goat, and quail while trapping fish in nearby lakes and rivers. While men were responsible for hunting, women were responsible for collecting berries, acorns, and seeds. They also made tortillas from mesquite seeds. While

4752-502: Was built in 1929, next to the "Fool's Folly" mansion built by Chicago heiress Lois Kellogg. Golfing was available at the O'Donnell 9 hole course (1926) and the El Mirador (1929) course (see Golf below ). Hollywood movie stars were attracted by the hot dry, sunny weather and seclusion—they built homes and estates in the Warm Sands, The Mesa, and Historic Tennis Club neighborhoods (see Neighborhoods below ). About 20,000 visitors came to

4824-415: Was established in 1876 and consists of 31,128 acres (12,597 ha). Six thousand seven hundred acres (2,700 ha) are located by Downtown Palm Springs. The Native American land is on long lease land and next to one of California's high-end communities, making the tribe one of the wealthiest in California. The first name for Palm Springs was given by the native Cahuilla: "Se-Khi" (boiling water). When

4896-610: Was felt in much of Southern California as well as parts of Arizona and Nevada, including Las Vegas . Further, it awakened many people in Las Vegas with residents reporting dizziness and having trouble walking. The shaking from this seism was felt as far north as Carson City. Almost no damage was reported in the immediate area of the earthquake due to the remote location of the epicenter in the Mojave Desert. The Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms , located in

4968-660: Was from July 1926 to June 1927 with 17.68 inches or 449.1 millimetres — of which 10.22 inches or 259.6 millimetres fell during three days in mid-February — and the driest from July 2001 to June 2002 with 0.40 inches or 10.2 millimetres. The winter months are warm, with a majority of days reaching 70 °F or 21.1 °C and in January and February afternoons often see temperatures of 80 °F or 26.7 °C and on occasion reach over 90 °F or 32.2 °C, while, on average, there are 17 mornings annually dipping to or below 40 °F or 4.4 °C; freezing temperatures occur in less than half of years. The lowest temperature recorded

5040-783: Was independent of Spain, and in March 1823, the Mexican Monarchy ended. That same year (in December) Mexican diarist José María Estudillo and Brevet Captain José Romero were sent to find a route from Sonora to Alta California ; on their expedition, they first recorded the existence of "Agua Caliente" at Palm Springs, California. With the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo after the Mexican-American War ,

5112-405: Was not the so-called " Big One " as many people would think, it was still a very strong earthquake. The shaking lasted for two to three minutes. Although this earthquake was much more powerful than the 1994 Northridge earthquake , the damage and loss of life were minimized by its location in the sparsely-populated Mojave Desert . The earthquake was a right-lateral strike-slip event, and involved

5184-432: Was visiting Yucca Valley with his parents, died when bricks from a chimney collapsed into a living room where he was sleeping. More than 400 people sustained injuries as a result of the earthquake. The quake was preceded by the 6.1 magnitude Joshua Tree earthquake at 4:51 on April 23, 1992 (UTC), which was south of the future Landers epicenter. The 6.5 magnitude Big Bear earthquake , which hit about three hours after

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