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44-637: Helfenstein can refer to: House of Helfenstein , a German noble family Helfenstein Castle , a ruined castle near Geislingen an der Steige, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; the former seat of the House of Helfenstein Helfenstein (Habichtswald) , a hill in Hesse, Germany Château de Helfenstein , a ruined castle near Éguelshardt, Lorraine, France 8067 Helfenstein ,

88-788: A UNESCO World Heritage Site , as an important salt trade region was gradually seized by the mighty House of Habsburg and incorporated into the Upper Austrian lands. In the southeast, Salzburg adjoined the Duchy of Styria , also ruled by the Habsburg (arch-)dukes in personal union since 1192. By 1335, the Austrian regents had also acquired the old Duchy of Carinthia in the south, the Styrian and Carinthian territories were incorporated into Inner Austria in 1379. The Habsburg encirclement

132-510: A comet Sven Helfenstein (born 1982), Swiss ice hockey player Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Helfenstein . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helfenstein&oldid=1129943236 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

176-833: A generation later in 1226. This meant that the Helfenstein lands and the Spitzenburg lands would be combined and Ludwig IV of Spitzenburg became Ludwing I of Helfenstein. He quickly expanded his county, adding numerous holdings in the upper and middle Fils River Valley, on the highlands of the Swabian Alb , in Ulm , in Heidenheim an der Brenz as well as in the Danube River Valley near Sigmaringen and Schloss Sigmaringen . The next significant Helfenstein count

220-513: A loan. In 1396 the city called for repayment, but the House of Helfenstein owed at least 123,439 Gulden to the city. To repay the loan, most of the County of Geislingen including the ancestral castle and 27 villages or hamlets were given to Ulm. The Blaubeuren branch lost most of their property to the House of Württemberg in 1448 when Württemberg acquired Heidenheim . In 1450 Württemberg acquired

264-519: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages House of Helfenstein The House of Helfenstein was a German noble family during the High and Late Middle Ages . The family was named after the family castle, Castle Helfenstein , located above Geislingen an der Steige in the Swabian Alb region of Baden-Württemberg , Germany. The family held

308-663: The Alpine foothills in the north. Here it also comprised the present-day Rupertiwinkel on the western shore of the Salzach, which today is part of Bavaria . The former archepiscopal lands are traditionally subdivided into five historic parts ( Gaue ): Flachgau with the Salzburg capital and Tarus Tennengau around Hallein are both located in the broad Salzach valley at the rim of the Northern Limestone Alps ;

352-648: The Cella Maximiliana in the Pongau region, the later town of Bischofshofen . His niece Erentrude established a Benedictine nunnery at nearby Nonnberg about 713. In 739 Archbishop Boniface , with the blessing of Pope Gregory III , completed the work of Saint Rupert and raised Salzburg to a bishopric, placed under the primatial see of the Archdiocese of Mainz . St. Vergilius , abbot of St. Peter's since about 749, had quarrelled with St. Boniface over

396-637: The Decline of the Roman Empire about 450 AD the local capital Iuvavum in the Noricum ripense province was already home to two churches and a monastery. Very little is known of the early bishopric during the Migration Period , and the legendary Saint Maximus of Salzburg is the only abbot-bishop known by name. A disciple of Saint Severinus, he was martyred in the retreat from Noricum, after

440-780: The Synod of Salzburg where he was struck in the face and imprisoned in close confinement for two and a half years. Soon after, the Magyars ravaged Great Moravia and not a church was left standing in Pannonia. Archbishop Dietmar I fell in battle in 907. It was not until the Battle of Lechfeld in 955 that the Magyars suffered a crushing defeat, and ecclesiastical life in Salzburg returned to normal. The following year after Archbishop Herhold allied with Liudolf, Duke of Swabia and Duke Conrad

484-640: The Wittelsbachs . When the Black Death reached Salzburg in 1347, the Jews were accused of poisoning the wells and suffered severe persecution. In 1473, he summoned the first provincial diet in the history of the archbishopric, and eventually abdicated. It was only Leonard of Keutschach (reigned 1495–1519) who reversed the situation. He had all the burgomasters and town councillors (who were levying unfair taxes) arrested simultaneously and imprisoned in

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528-779: The Cyriasus Abbey in Wiesensteig. It is possible that the Counts from Vils ( Fils ) were the ancestors of the House of Helfenstein, because in 1060 the Archbishop of Salzburg , Gebhard of Salzburg (from the Counts of Vils) was also known as Gebhard von Helfenstein. This connection is debated. The first recorded member of the family was Eberhard the Elder , who built the ancestral castle known as Burg Helfenstein (English: Helfenstein Castle ) around 1100. Helfenstein castle

572-519: The Dukedom of Carinthia, refused to take priestly consecrations, and was replaced by Ulrich , Bishop of Seckau . King Rudolph I of Habsburg quarrelled with the archbishops through the manipulations of Abbot Henry of Admont , and after his death the archbishops and the Habsburgs made peace in 1297. The people and archbishops of Salzburgs remained loyal to the Habsburgs in their struggles against

616-704: The Germanic Western Roman officer Odoacer had deposed the last Emperor Romulus Augustulus and declared himself King of Italy in 476. In his conflict with the Rugii tribes, Odoacer had his brother Onoulphus evacuate the Noricum ripense province in 487/88, whereby Iuvavum was abandoned and with it the bishopric. Saint Severinus had already died in 482 in the castrum of Favianis (present-day Mautern in Lower Austria ), six years before

660-725: The Latin War was besieged in the Hohen-Salzburg , declared a "monster" by Martin Luther , and two later uprisings by the peasants lead to suffering to the entire archdiocese. Later bishops were wiser in the ruling and spared Salzburg the religious wars and devastation seen elsewhere in Germany. Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau gave the Protestants the choice of converting to Catholicism or leaving Salzburg. The cathedral

704-574: The Mississippi territory now known as Alabama. Another branch of the family, descended from Nichel Helfenstein who emigrated to Philadelphia in 1739, Anglicised their family name to Helverson. Archbishopric of Salzburg From the late 13th century onwards, the archbishops gradually reached the status of Imperial immediacy and independence from the Bavarian dukes. Salzburg remained an ecclesiastical principality until its secularisation to

748-728: The Red of Lorraine , he was deposed, imprisoned, blinded, and banished. Archbishop Bruno of Cologne, called the Bishop-Maker, appointed Frederick I archbishop and declared the Abbacy of St. Peter independent. In the era beginning with Pope Gregory VII , the Latin Christendom entered a period of internal conflict. The first archbishop of the era was Gebhard , who during the Investiture Controversy remained on

792-483: The Wiesensteig holdings from Ulm, but lost those holdings seven years later in 1457. The Wiesensteig lands would later pass to Bavaria from 1642 until 1752. Bavaria had already owned the Blaubeuren lands including Heidenheim from 1450 until 1504, but in 1504 Bavaria gave the Blaubeuren lands to Württemberg. Following the loss of their lands, the House of Helfenstein lost all political power. The last male member of

836-746: The Younger) of Helfenstein, his daughter. Through the marriage to the heir of Helfenstein family, the fortunes of both families were intertwined. The Counts of Spitzenberg were closely allied with the Holy Roman Emperor and had served the Empire in a variety of positions. Ludwig's brother, Gottfried , had marched with Frederick Barbarossa on the Third Crusade and had died on the Crusade in 1190. The Spitzenberg male line died out completely

880-470: The apostle of Bavaria and Carinthia, came to the region from the Bavarian town Regensburg and laid the foundations for the re-establishment of the Salzburg diocese. After erecting a church at nearby Seekirchen he discovered the ruins of Iuvavum overgrown with brambles and remnants of the Romance population, who had maintained Christian traditions. The former theory that he arrived already in c. 543 during

924-462: The castle. His last years were spent in bitter struggle against Matthäus Lang of Wellenburg , Bishop of Gurk , who succeeded him in 1519. Matthäus Lang was largely unnoticed in official circles, although his influence was felt throughout the archbishopric. He brought in Saxon miners, which brought with them Protestant books and teachings. He then attempted to keep the populace Catholic, and during

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968-530: The departure of the Roman legions from the region. From the sixth century onwards, the northern areas of the later archbishopric were resettled by Germanic Bavarii tribes, who established themselves among the remaining Romance population, while Slavic tribes moved into the southern Pongau and Lungau parts. About 696 Saint Rupert , then Bishop of Worms in Frankish Austrasia and later called

1012-597: The ecclesiastical influence of East Francia . In 870 Pope Adrian II appointed the "Apostle of the Slavs" St. Methodius the Archbishop of Pannonia and Moravia at Sirmium , entrusting him large territories under the overlordship of the Salzburg diocese. It was only when Rastislav and Methodius were captured by King Louis the German that Adalwin could adequately protest the invasion of his rights. Methodius appeared at

1056-599: The elephant is a type of Namenwappen (German: Coat of Arms from a name), in this case Helfenstein became Elefanten or elephant because of similarity between the sounds. A more fanciful source claims that the elephant comes from the first ancestor of the family, Helfrich, a citizen of Rome in 225 AD, a captain of the 5th Legion of Veterans based in Germany and the Lord of the Fils River. Helfrich acquired an elephant for his coat of arms. Their emblem depicted an elephant and

1100-414: The emperor, and finally ordered the Protestants to recant their beliefs or emigrate. Over 20,000 Salzburg Protestants were forced to leave their homes, most of whom accepted an offer of land by King Frederick William I of Prussia . The last Prince-Archbishop, Hieronymus von Colloredo , is probably best known for his patronage of Mozart . His reforms of the church and education systems alienated him from

1144-617: The existence of antipodes . He nevertheless became bishop about 767. Arno , bishop since 785, enjoyed the respect of the Frankish king Charlemagne who assigned to him the missionary territory between the rivers Danube in the north, the Rába (Raab) in the east and the Drava in the south, an area which had recently been conquered from the Avars . Monasteries were founded and all of Carinthia

1188-625: The family died in 1627 in Wiesensteig, which signified the end of this family name. The Helfenstein family later moved to Salzburg to become part of the "Salzburgers" arriving at the Georgia Colony 1734. One branch of the family 'Latinised' their name to Helveston. During the American Revolution Philip Helveston with family fought as notable rebel's and were routed and driven away in the battle of Ebenezer Georgia by British regulars. In 1782 they resettled in

1232-579: The mountainous ( Innergebirg ) southern divisions are Pinzgau , Pongau around Bischofshofen , and southeastern Lungau beyond the Radstädter Tauern Pass . In the north and east, the prince-archbishopric bordered on the Duchy of Austria , a former Bavarian margraviate , which had become independent in 1156 and, raised to an archduchy in 1457, developed as the nucleus of the Habsburg monarchy . The Salzkammergut border region, today

1276-650: The others. The Helfenstein family joined the conflicts. In 1356 Ulrich V (known as Ulrich the Elder) and his cousin Ulrich VI (known as Ulrich the Younger), split the House of Helfenstein into two lines; the Wiesensteiger and Blaubeurer branches. The Wiesensteiger branch inherited the county of Geislingen with Burg Helfenstein, but pledged the entire holding to the Free Imperial City of Ulm in 1382 for

1320-524: The people. In 1803, Salzburg was secularised as the Electorate of Salzburg for the former Grand Duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany (brother of Emperor Francis II ), who had lost his throne. In 1805, it became part of Austria. In 1809, it became part of Bavaria which closed the University of Salzburg , banned monasteries from accepting novices, and banned pilgrimages and processions. The archdiocese

1364-620: The rank of Graf or Count and was very significant in the 13th and 14th Centuries, but fell into financial difficulties and the family lost its estate in 1627. Later the main branch of the family emigrated to America and even today they are successor members of this German dynasty. Currently the German-Argentinean Ernst Heinrich von Helfenstein have the honorary title by inheritance of Baron and Count by subsequent to his Father. The House of Helfenstein used an elephant on their coat of arms. According to one source,

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1408-588: The short-lived Electorate of Salzburg (later Duchy of Salzburg ) in 1803. Members of the Bavarian Circle from 1500, the prince-archbishops bore the title of Primas Germaniae , though they never obtained electoral dignity; actually of the six German prince-archbishoprics (with Mainz , Cologne and Trier ), Magdeburg , Bremen and Salzburg received nothing from the Golden Bull of 1356 . The last prince-archbishop exercising secular authority

1452-601: The side of the Pope. Gebhard thus suffered a nine-year exile, and was allowed to return shortly before his death and was buried in Admont . After King Henry IV abdicated and Conrad I of Abensberg was elected Archbishop. Conrad lived in exile until the Calistine Concordat of 1122. Conrad spent the remaining years of his episcopate improving the religious life in the archdiocese. Archbishop Eberhard II of Regensberg

1496-475: The time of the unsourced early Bavarian dukes appears less likely than that he worked during the reign of the Agilolfing duke Theodo II (c. 680–717), when the Bavarian stem duchy came under Frankish supremacy. The bishops of Salzburg traditionally marked the foundation of their diocese as being the year 582, and struck coins commemorating the 1,200-year anniversary of the event in 1782. In any case, it

1540-629: Was Count Hieronymus von Colloredo , who was a patron of the Salzburg-native composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . The prince-archbishopric's territory was roughly congruent with the present-day Austrian state of Salzburg . It stretched along the Salzach river from the High Tauern range—Mt. Großvenediger at 3,666 m (12,028 ft)—at the main chain of the Alps in the south down to

1584-487: Was Ulrich V, who as a member of Emperor Charles IV 's household in 14th century Prague served the Emperor in many ways. The Emperor rewarded him with a marriage, which raised his social status, to Maria of Bosnia . This marriage led to many problems and caused the financial downfall of the Helfenstein family. The collapse of the House of Hohenstaufen ( Kings of Germany from 1138 to 1254) threw southern Germany into chaos. For nearly two centuries, each noble fought against

1628-442: Was awarded in 46 BC for bravery against a charge of elephants in the Battle of Thapsus. While the ancestral castle, Burg Helfenstein , was built around 1100 the family may originate about three centuries earlier. Ulric Helfenstein was appointed Second Provost at an earlier Blaubeuren Abbey by Charlemagne in 800. His son Rudolf was born around 820. On 12 December 861 he founded the church at Wiesensteig . Later he also founded

1672-415: Was located at a key point along the imperial road from Brabant to Italy . This allowed the Counts of Helfenstein to guard and tax travellers and merchants. The city of Geislingen an der Steige grew up at the foot of the castle as a toll collection station and rest stop for travellers. Around 1200 Count Ludwig IV of Spitzenberg (near Kuchen ) and Sigmaringen married the heir of Eberhard II (known as

1716-408: Was made a prince of the Empire in 1213, and created three new sees: Chiemsee (1216), Seckau (1218) and Lavant (1225). In 1241, at the Council of Regensburg he denounced Pope Gregory IX as "that man of perdition, whom they call Antichrist, who in his extravagant boasting says, I am God, I cannot err." During the German Interregnum , Salzburg suffered confusion. Philip of Spanheim , heir to

1760-423: Was nearly completed when in 1363 the archdukes also attained the County of Tyrol in the west. Only in the northwest did Salzburg border on the Duchy of Bavaria (raised to an Electorate in 1623), and the tiny Berchtesgaden Provostry , which was able to retain its independence until the Mediatisation in 1803. The Vita Sancti Severini biography by the Early Christian chronicler Eugippius , reported that during

1804-471: Was not until after 700 that Christian civilisation re-emerged in the region. Rupert established a monastery dedicated to Saint Peter at the site of a Late Antique church in the former Iuvavum . St Peter's Abbey received large estates in the Flachgau (Rupertiwinkel) and Tennengau regions from the hands of Duke Theodon II, including several brine wells and salt evaporation ponds which earned Iuvavum its German name Salzburg . In 711 Rupert also founded

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1848-416: Was rebuilt in such splendour that it was unrivalled by all others north of the Alps . Archbishop Paris of Lodron led Salzburg to peace and prosperity during the Thirty Years' War in which the rest of Germany was thoroughly devastated. During the reign of Leopold Anthony of Firmian , the remaining Protestants in Salzburg were expelled in 1731. He invited the Jesuits to Salzburg and asked for help from

1892-404: Was reestablished as the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg in 1818 without temporal power. Up to today, the Archbishop of Salzburg has also borne the title Primas Germaniae ("First Bishop of Germany"). The powers of this title – non-jurisdictional – are limited to being the Pope's first correspondent in the German-speaking world, but had once included the right to preside over

1936-512: Was slowly Christianised. While Arno was in Rome attending to some of Charlemagne's business in 798, Pope Leo III appointed him Archbishop over the other bishops in Bavaria ( Freising , Passau , Regensburg , and Säben ). When the dispute over the ecclesiastical border between Salzburg and the Patriarchate of Aquileia broke out, Charlemagne declared the Drava to be the border. Archbishop Adalwin (859–873) suffered great troubles when King Rastislav of Moravia attempted to remove his realm from

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