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87-456: The Home Guard consists mainly of local rapid response units, numbering 17,000 of the 22,000 total Home Guard strength, organised in 40 battalions , with 23 associated auxiliary defence organisations. Most soldiers maintain a civilian job while serving the army part-time. Rapid response units were formed in the early 2000s in parallel to the Swedish government 's abolishment of conscription to

174-548: A Cadet is allowed to undergo battle training. Despite this they are not officially called soldiers . Although there is no rank system for Cadets, the training consists of 4 1-year-long blocks named Basic Course , Continuation Course , Leadership Course Level 1 and Leadership Course Level 2 ( Grundkurs , GK; Fortsättningskurs , FK; Ledarskapskurs 1 , LK1; and Ledarskapskurs 2 , LK2. LK1 and LK2 are sometimes called Practical Course, PK, and Instruktörskurs , IK which means Practical Course and Instructor Course). After 4 years as

261-491: A Cadet, the 19- to 20-year-old has received military training equivalent to 85 days of basic military training, plus basic commander training. Typically, the Cadets train one day or evening every or every other week, with 10-12 weekends per year spent in the field. The Home Guard Cadets is the "unit" who spend the most time out on the field in the whole Home Guard. During training they wear the same type of uniform and equipment as

348-723: A causal agency that can explain the progressive evolution of complexity in living systems over the course of time. According to the Synergism Hypothesis, synergistic effects have been the drivers of cooperative relationships of all kinds and at all levels in living systems. The thesis, in a nutshell, is that synergistic effects have often provided functional advantages (economic benefits) in relation to survival and reproduction that have been favored by natural selection. The cooperating parts, elements, or individuals become, in effect, functional "units" of selection in evolutionary change. Similarly, environmental systems may react in

435-455: A collective evolutionary drive. The highest civilizations were the work not only of the elite but of the masses too; those masses must be led, however, because the crowd, a feminine and unconscious force, cannot distinguish between good and evil. In 1909, Lester Frank Ward defined synergy as the universal constructive principle of nature: I have characterized the social struggle as centrifugal and social solidarity as centripetal. Either alone

522-567: A commercial pesticide is itself a combination of several chemical agents, and thus the safe levels actually represent levels of the mixture. In contrast, a combination created by the end user, such as a farmer, has rarely been tested in that combination. The potential for synergy is then unknown or estimated from data on similar combinations. This lack of information also applies to many of the chemical combinations to which humans are exposed, including residues in food, indoor air contaminants, and occupational exposures to chemicals. Some groups think that

609-451: A cooperation between divine grace and human freedom. Eastern Orthodox theology, in particular, uses the term "synergy" to describe this relationship, drawing on biblical language: "in Paul's words, 'We are fellow-workers ( synergoi ) with God' (1 Corinthians iii, 9)". Corporate synergy occurs when corporations interact congruently. A corporate synergy refers to a financial benefit that

696-505: A corporation expects to realize when it merges with or acquires another corporation. This type of synergy is a nearly ubiquitous feature of a corporate acquisition and is a negotiating point between the buyer and seller that impacts the final price both parties agree to. There are distinct types of corporate synergies, as follows. A marketing synergy refers to the use of information campaigns , studies, and scientific discovery or experimentation for research and development . This promotes

783-401: A doctrine for defence: static and dynamic. A static defence could for example be stationing coastal missile batteries on Gotland. No warning is needed, the equipment and staff is already in place and can hold the area. A dynamic defence could for example be stationing a coastal missile battery in conjunction with an air transport and airborne troops ready to be transported to any area if warning

870-477: A financial loss for the company. He argues that systems will be safe only if they are designed, not if they emerge by chance. The idea of a systemic approach is endorsed by the United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive . The successful performance of the health and safety management depends upon the analyzing the causes of incidents and accidents and learning correct lessons from them. The idea

957-546: A large organized support force immediately. Synergy Synergy is an interaction or cooperation giving rise to a whole that is greater than the simple sum of its parts (i.e., a non-linear addition of force, energy, or effect). The term synergy comes from the Attic Greek word συνεργία synergia from synergos , συνεργός , meaning "working together". Synergy is similar in concept to emergence . The words synergy and synergetic have been used in

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1044-513: A main mission of security and reconnaissance . A quick reaction force belongs directly to the commander of the unit it is created from and is typically held in the reserve. A rapid deployment force (RDF) is a military formation that is capable of fast deployment outside their country's borders. They typically consist of well-trained military units (special forces, paratroopers, marines, etc.) that can be deployed fairly quickly or on short notice, usually from other major assets and without requiring

1131-628: A member of the Home Guard must train four days (before 2010 20 hours) per year up to eight days for the Rapid Response units, although the time requirement varies according to role. A prerequisite for joining the Home Guard is to have received at least 85 days of basic military training for combat roles and two weeks for certain specialist roles such as signalists, field cooks, nurses and dog handlers. The level of training varies widely, from basic military training to Ranger school. The training

1218-589: A mixture response that exceeds that predicted from dose addition. The EPA emphasizes that synergy does not always make a mixture dangerous, nor does antagonism always make the mixture safe; each depends on the predicted risk under dose addition. For example, a consequence of pesticide use is the risk of health effects. During the registration of pesticides in the United States exhaustive tests are performed to discern health effects on humans at various exposure levels. A regulatory upper limit of presence in foods

1305-450: A non-linear way to perturbations, such as climate change, so that the outcome may be greater than the sum of the individual component alterations. Synergistic responses are a complicating factor in environmental modeling. Pest synergy would occur in a biological host organism population, where, for example, the introduction of parasite A may cause 10% fatalities, and parasite B may also cause 10% loss. When both parasites are present,

1392-530: Is expected to practice this. During the initial phases of a surprise conflict, confusion may be significant. With local knowledge, and being the first assembled force on site, the National Defence Force can provide centralised command posts with accurate intelligence. This in turn allows for a more synergistic allocation of resources, and gives a more robust situational awareness to allow for decisions. A secondary effect of accurate intelligence

1479-484: Is a military or police unit capable of responding to emergencies in a very short time frame. A quick reaction force (QRF) is an armed military unit capable of rapidly responding to developing situations, usually to assist allied units in need of assistance. They are equipped to respond to any type of emergency within a short time frame, often only a few minutes, based on unit standard operating procedures (SOPs). Cavalry units are frequently postured as QRFs, with

1566-560: Is a form of cosmic synergy, the universal constructive principle of nature. In Christian theology , synergism is the idea that salvation involves some form of cooperation between divine grace and human freedom. A modern view of synergy in natural sciences derives from the relationship between energy and information . Synergy is manifested when the system makes the transition between the different information (i.e. order, complexity ) embedded in both systems. Abraham Maslow and John Honigmann drew attention to an important development in

1653-568: Is also used, but illumination flares are mainly used. Signals equipment at platoon level include Ra180 backpack radios and individual radios are issued to riflemen. In 2015, some battalions started recruiting mortar platoons equipped with 120 mm m/41D mortars . Dogs are also used as sensor systems, usually two for every platoon. The animals are issued and trained by one of the national auxiliary defence organizations. The rapid response units have thus far been equipped with Volvo C303 cross country vehicles and Bandvagn 206 tracked carriers. Currently

1740-407: Is centered around two 4-day-long battalion exercises per year for the Rapid Response units and one 4-day exercise for the support units. These exercises are mandatory for all personnel. Apart from the mandatory training, the companies organize their own exercises, often up to ten weekend-long exercises a year. The standard armaments are Automatkarbin 4 B and Ak 4C battle rifles , (Swedish version of

1827-419: Is divided into four military regions: Home Guard battalions are supported for administration, training and logistics by 22 Training Groups (Swedish Utbildningsgrupp ). The Training Groups are for the most parts the descendants of disbanded regiments and most Home Guard battalions carry the colours and traditions of its antecedent regiment, e.g. the 17. Dalabataljonen which carries the colours and traditions of

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1914-580: Is given to a Home Guard soldiers, Home Guard musicians and volunteer staff with a valid Home Guard contract and to those who remain in the Home Guard as a Home Guard veteran. The medal is made of three denominations: silver, gold and gold with enamel. In addition to these medals, the Association of Home Guard Officers ( Hemvärnsbefälets Riksförbund , HBR) awards the Association of Home Guard Officers Royal Medal since 1996 (silver medal since 2018) and

2001-703: Is given. The current doctrine MSD 16 includes elements of both strategies in synergy. According to MSD 16 the National Security Forces are to have an increased integration with the Swedish Defence. National Defensive Force operators are stationed in the area where they live. This means they know the terrain and can more easily spot unusual activity. They will also be the first on site, with the role of detecting, reporting and if possible denying an intruder freedom of action. As first responders to any given region, they are also required to support

2088-503: Is giving political leaders a correct and reliable strategic situational image. For clarification: Unqualified opportunistic actors are usually divided into two groups. Criminals and political, with varying overlap. Criminal gangs , "gangs of war", are actors who want to steal things for monetary gain. Perhaps they want weapons so they can extort locals, or perhaps they want to steal food deliveries to sell them for extremely high prices. Politically motivated actors, who may seek to aid

2175-472: Is noted by Dr. Chris Elliot. His case study looked at IEEE-488 , an international standard set by the leading US standards body; it led to a failure of small automation systems using the IEEE-488 standard (which codified a proprietary communications standard HP-IB ). But the external devices used for communication were made by two different companies, and the incompatibility between the external devices led to

2262-405: Is productive of evil consequences. Struggle is essentially destructive of the social order, while communism removes individual initiative. The one leads to disorder, the other to degeneracy. What is not seen—the truth that has no expounders—is that the wholesome, constructive movement consists in the properly ordered combination and interaction of both these principles. This is social synergy , which

2349-498: Is that all events (not just those causing injuries) represent failures in control, and present an opportunity for learning and improvement. UK Health and Safety Executive, Successful health and safety management (1997): this book describes the principles and management practices, which provide the basis of effective health and safety management. It sets out the issues that need to be addressed, and can be used for developing improvement programs, self-audit, or self-assessment. Its message

2436-468: Is that organizations must manage health and safety with the same degree of expertise and to the same standards as other core business activities, if they are to effectively control risks and prevent harm to people. The term synergy was refined by R. Buckminster Fuller , who analyzed some of its implications more fully and coined the term synergetics . Mathematical formalizations of synergy have been proposed using information theory to rigorously define

2523-412: Is the ability of a group to outperform even its best individual member. These conclusions are derived from the studies conducted by Jay Hall on a number of laboratory-based group ranking and prediction tasks. He found that effective groups actively looked for the points in which they disagreed and in consequence encouraged conflicts amongst the participants in the early stages of the discussion. In contrast,

2610-465: Is then placed on this pesticide. As long as residues in the food stay below this regulatory level, health effects are deemed highly unlikely and the food is considered safe to consume. However, in normal agricultural practice, it is rare to use only a single pesticide. During the production of a crop, several different materials may be used. Each of them has had determined a regulatory level at which they would be considered individually safe. In many cases,

2697-481: Is via energy use, where larger groups of humans (i.e., cities) use energy more efficiently that smaller groups of humans. Human synergy can also occur on a smaller scale, like when individuals huddle together for warmth or in workplaces where labor specialization increase efficiencies. When synergy occurs in the work place, the individuals involved get to work in a positive and supportive working environment. When individuals get to work in environments such as these,

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2784-455: Is water, a compound of hydrogen and oxygen), to the cooperative interactions among the genes in genomes , the division of labor in bacterial colonies , the synergies of scale in multicellular organisms , as well as the many different kinds of synergies produced by socially-organized groups, from honeybee colonies to wolf packs and human societies: compare stigmergy , a mechanism of indirect coordination between agents or actions that results in

2871-448: Is when individuals in a group begin by taking a moderate stance on an issue regarding a common value and, after having discussed it, end up taking a more extreme stance. A second, potential negative consequence of group cohesion is group think. Group think is a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in cohesive group, when the members' striving for unanimity overrides their motivation to appraise realistically

2958-451: The AK5 ( FN FNC derivative). Psg 90 sniper rifles are also issued to designated snipers and some personnel (usually officers, senior non-commissioned officers, dog handlers and support personnel) are issued with Pistol 88 pistols. Other equipment includes anti-tank mines and manually detonated anti-personnel mines, explosives and signals equipment. Second generation night vision equipment

3045-597: The Association of Home Guard Officers Merit Badge since 1991. On 4 November 1946, the march "Hemvärnets marsch" (Damberg) was adopted, that in connection with a prize competition. The Chief of Home Guard is the commanding officer of the Home Guard: Quick Reaction Force A rapid reaction force / rapid response force ( RRF ), quick reaction force / quick response force ( QRF ), immediate reaction force ( IRF ), rapid deployment force ( RDF ), or quick maneuver force ( QMF )

3132-528: The Swedish Women's Voluntary Defence Organization , helped with additional tasks that the Home Unit was unable to perform themselves. The Swedish Women's Voluntary Defence Organization helped provide the home unit with additional items such as socks, scarves and gloves as well as performing all administrative work that the unit could not afford to do themselves. In case of war, and in case the Home Guard

3219-598: The mutual information between any individual source and the target is 0 bit. However, the joint mutual information I ( X 1 , X 2 ; Y ) = 1 {\displaystyle I(X_{1},X_{2};Y)=1} bit. There is information about the target that can only be extracted from the joint state of the inputs considered jointly, and not any others. There is, thus far, no universal agreement on how synergy can best be quantified, with different approaches that decompose information into redundant, unique, and synergistic components appearing in

3306-408: The self-assembly of complex systems . Even the tools and technologies that are widespread in the natural world represent important sources of synergistic effects. The tools that enabled early hominins to become systematic big-game hunters is a primordial human example. In the context of organizational behavior , following the view that a cohesive group is more than the sum of its parts, synergy

3393-455: The "synergy" term was first used around 1600, deriving from the Greek word "synergos", which means "to work together" or "to cooperate". If during this period the synergy concept was mainly used in the theological field (describing "the cooperation of human effort with divine will"), in the 19th and 20th centuries, "synergy" was promoted in physics and biochemistry, being implemented in the study of

3480-541: The 8th size was established. It was revised in 1951 and in 1974. The medal ribbon is of blue moiré with five evenly divided yellow stripes. The Home Guard Medal of Merit also comes in a silver issue (HVSM). In 1951, the Home Guard Silver Medal (HvSM) of the 8th size was established. The reverse varies in the different defence districts or production-guards. The medal ribbon is of blue moiré with one yellow stripe on each side and two yellow stripes on

3567-561: The 8th size was established. The medal is exactly the same in design as the Home Guard Silver Medal, but is embossed in bronze. The ribbon of blue moiré pattern with two vertical yellow, two mm wide stripes in the middle. The number of awards is marked with metal stars on the ribbon and ribbon bar . In 2019, the Home Guard Service Medal (HVtjgSM/GM/GMmemalj) of the 8th size was established. The award

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3654-620: The Army, Navy or Air Force but are still eager to do military service. The Home Guard also includes staff from eight voluntary organisations, so-called contractual organisations: The first colour of the Home Guard is drawn by Ingrid Lamby and manufactured with appliqué technique by the Engelbrektsson Flag factory. The colour was presented by His Majesty the King Carl XVI Gustaf in 1995. Blazon : "On blue cloth in

3741-654: The Dalarna Regiment (raised 1628 and disbanded in 2000). Usually, each Training Group supports 1-2 battalions but some have four battalions. The Training Groups in turn belong to a regular regiment. Uniform guidelines and materials for courses are determined centrally by the National Home Guard Combat School . As of 2012, the Home Guard consists of 22,000 soldiers (down from 42,000 in 2001) organized into 40 light infantry battalions (down from 69 in 2001) of 300-700 personnel. In 2001,

3828-629: The German G3 ), with red dot sights for riflemen and with x4 optical sights for squad sharpshooters, the Ak   4B can also be equipped with an M203 grenade launcher . Support weapons include the Ksp 58 (FN MAG) machine gun, grg m/48 (Carl-Gustaf) recoilless rifle and Pskott m/86 light anti-tank weapons. The AK4 was the standard weapon of the Swedish Armed Forces until its replacement by

3915-463: The Home Guard have a response capability that is measured in hours, as opposed to days or weeks. The personnel is made up of locally recruited volunteers and consists largely of experienced soldiers and officers with a background in mission-based units. When the Armed Forces are called in to help with forest fires, flooding or missing person searches, it often falls to Home Guard units to support

4002-581: The National Defensive Forces are to become an integrated part of the dynamic response of the Swedish defence. Since each operator is stationed in the area they live in, they know the terrain, they notice when something is out of place and thus will likely be the first to detect and respond to an incursion. By using knowledge of terrain they are to deny, delay or harass the opposing force until friendly specialised units have been mobilised to

4089-520: The Rapid Response units numbered around 5,000 soldiers of the total of 42,000. Rapid Response units have more combat tasks compared to the rest of the Home Guard, including escort duties. Some battalions located near the coast also have marine companies equipped with Combat Boat 90 . As of 2014, the majority of the force, 17,000 out of 22,000 soldiers will be in Rapid Response units. The decrease in number of troops comes with an equal increase in quality and modern equipment. There are two main ways to form

4176-571: The Swedish Armed Forces; small-scale conscription has since been reintroduced. The Chief of Home Guard is the commanding officer of the Home Guard, representing 40,000 present and veteran soldiers, reporting directly to the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces . The establishment of the Home Guard was passed into law by the Riksdag on May 29, 1940, after the beginning of World War II , however, units had already been formed by

4263-509: The alternative courses of action. Studying the events of several American policy "disasters" such as the failure to anticipate the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (1941) and the Bay of Pigs Invasion fiasco (1961), Irving Janis argued that they were due to the cohesive nature of the committees that made the relevant decisions. That decisions made by committees lead to failure in a simple system

4350-664: The bands, Home Guard Bugle Bands also are in service within their respective areas, doing tasks formerly done by the now defunct drum and bugle corps of the Armed Forces. The Home Guard Cadets ( hemvärnsungdomar ) is a youth section consisting of young girls and boys aged 15–20, typically recruited at age 15–16. The Cadets receive military training that includes base building, first aid , communications, physical training, orienteering , defence studies, basic firearms training (with .22 long rifle up to age 16 and AK4 B with red dot sight from age 17) and from age 17 and up also patrolling and leadership training (group and platoon). At 18,

4437-451: The capacity to carry the debt through decreased gearing (leverage). This creates value for the firm, as debt is thought to be a cheaper source of finance. It is possible for one firm to have unused tax benefits which might be offset against the profits of another after combination, thus resulting in less tax being paid. However this greatly depends on the tax law of the country. Synergy in management and in relation to teamwork refers to

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4524-539: The centre the badge of the National Home Guard; the letter H under three open crowns placed two and one, all in yellow". The second colour of the Home Guard is a double swallow-tailed Swedish flag . The coat of the arms of the Home Guard since 1940. Blazon : "Azure, the letter H under three open crowns or, placed two and one, all or". In 1947, the Home Guard Medal of Merit in gold (HVGM) of

4611-474: The combination of factors with time-varying characteristics. The synergy effects are often called "synergistic benefits", representing the direct and implied result of the developed/adopted synergistic actions. Synergy can also be defined as the combination of human strengths and computer strengths, such as advanced chess . Computers can process data much more quickly than humans, but lack the ability to respond meaningfully to arbitrary stimuli. Etymologically,

4698-448: The combined effort of individuals as participants of the team. The condition that exists when the organization's parts interact to produce a joint effect that is greater than the sum of the parts acting alone. Positive or negative synergies can exist. In these cases, positive synergy has positive effects such as improved efficiency in operations, greater exploitation of opportunities, and improved utilization of resources. Negative synergy on

4785-557: The company reaps the benefits. The authors of Creating the Best Workplace on Earth Rob Goffee and Gareth Jones, state that "highly engaged employees are, on average, 50% more likely to exceed expectations that the least-engaged workers. And companies with highly engaged people outperform firms with the most disengaged folks- by 54% in employee retention , by 89% in customer satisfaction , and by fourfold in revenue growth. Also, those that are able to be open about their views on

4872-418: The company, and have confidence that they will be heard, are likely to be a more organized employee who helps his/ her fellow team members succeed. Human interaction with technology can also increase synergy. Organismic computing is an approach to improving group efficacy by increasing synergy in human groups via technological means. In Christian theology , synergism is the belief that salvation involves

4959-601: The country, local knowledge is one of the strengths of the organization. Training focuses on guard duties and weapons proficiency. In peacetime the Home Guards main task is to help with search and rescue operations, and to provide assistance to civil society in cases of severe emergencies such as natural disasters and the like. The Home Guard soldier must fulfill the following requirements in order to be object to admittance: Troops are trained regularly and conditions of suitability abilities tested continually. Contractually

5046-418: The cultural anthropology field which arose in lectures by Ruth Benedict from 1941, for which the original manuscripts have been lost but the ideas preserved in "Synergy: Some Notes of Ruth Benedict" (1969). In the natural world, synergistic phenomena are ubiquitous, ranging from physics (for example, the different combinations of quarks that produce protons and neutrons ) to chemistry (a popular example

5133-419: The economic system which, through the coordination and control functions (of the undertaken economic actions), agrees synergies. The networks which promote synergistic actions can be divided in horizontal synergistic networks and vertical synergistic networks. The synergy effects are difficult (even impossible) to imitate by competitors and difficult to reproduce by their authors because these effects depend on

5220-400: The economic systems' potential in depth. The synergistic gravity equation (SYNGEq), according to its complex "title", represents a synthesis of the endogenous and exogenous factors which determine the private and non-private economic decision makers to call to actions of synergistic exploitation of the economic network in which they operate. That is to say, SYNGEq constitutes a big picture of

5307-421: The entity as a consequence of acquisition and merger. These benefits may be: This is when a firm having a number of cash extensive projects acquires a firm which is cash-rich, thus enabling the new combined firm to enjoy the profits from investing the cash of one firm in the projects of the other. If two firms have no or little capacity to carry debt before individually, it is possible for them to join and gain

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5394-399: The expectation under "no interaction", a determination of synergy (or antagonism) depends on what is meant by "no interaction". The United States Environmental Protection Agency has one of the more detailed and precise definitions of toxic interaction, designed to facilitate risk assessment. In their guidance documents, the no-interaction default assumption is dose addition, so synergy means

5481-479: The factors/motivations which determine the entrepreneurs to contour an active synergistic network. SYNGEq includes both factors which character is changing over time (such as the competitive conditions), as well as classics factors, such as the imperative of the access to resources of the collaboration and the quick answers. The synergistic gravity equation (SINGEq) comes to be represented by the formula: where: The synergistic network represents an integrated part of

5568-483: The field of physiology since at least the middle of the 19th century: SYN'ERGY, Synergi'a , Synenergi'a , (F.) Synergie ; from συν , 'with', and εργον , 'work'. A correlation or concourse of action between different organs in health; and, according to some, in disease. In 1896, Henri Mazel applied the term "synergy" to social psychology by writing La synergie sociale , in which he argued that Darwinian theory failed to account of "social synergy" or "social love",

5655-425: The given theatre. They can also aid with this knowledge to achieve synergy in the counteroperation. The current role of the National Security Forces is dynamic, first acting as the spearhead, first on site. After the more specialised troops have been mobilised and deployed, the role shifts to either aiding the unarmed civilian defence force and securing food, medical care and infrastructure for civilians, or fighting

5742-398: The group provides friendship and support against outside threats. There are negative aspects of group cohesion that have an effect on group decision-making and hence on group effectiveness. There are two issues arising. The risky shift phenomenon is the tendency of a group to make decisions that are riskier than those that the group would have recommended individually. Group Polarisation

5829-525: The group were working toward the same goal individually. However, the concept of group cohesion needs to be considered. Group cohesion is that property that is inferred from the number and strength of mutual positive attitudes among members of the group. As the group becomes more cohesive, its functioning is affected in a number of ways. First, the interactions and communication between members increase. Common goals, interests and small size all contribute to this. In addition, group member satisfaction increases as

5916-553: The ineffective groups felt a need to establish a common view quickly, used simple decision making methods such as averaging, and focused on completing the task rather than on finding solutions they could agree on. In a technical context, its meaning is a construct or collection of different elements working together to produce results not obtainable by any of the elements alone. The elements, or parts, can include people, hardware, software, facilities, policies, documents: all things required to produce system-level results. The value added by

6003-532: The introduction of a modified Mercedes Sprint 316 (Personbil 8) is underway to replace the earlier wheeled vehicles. Military traditions are strongly connected with military bands and marches, etc. The bands, with diverse military musicians, fulfil the task to replace professional military bands. Throughout Sweden, there are about 32 Home Guard bands which total more than 1,500 members, such as Södertörn Home Guard Band . 17 bands are qualified for performance at state ceremonies, royal visits and festivities. Aside from

6090-621: The invader, or seek to cause so much chaos that they're free to (for a short time) reign over an area and do whatever pleases them. Though motivations of these may be seen as the polar opposites of each other, their modus operandi are very similar. If all contact with friendly forces is lost, National Security Forces are to follow the "Free War" doctrine. This gives broad authority to the ranking officer and has three goals: The Home Guard units are trained to be local combat units (primarily infantry but also signal troops). Although current doctrine states that Home Guard units can act anywhere within

6177-434: The invading force using asymmetric warfare and local knowledge. The Swedish Defence units are highly specialised, but operators may live far from the given base. Mobilisation during a surprise attack could take several days. The National Defence Force (Hemvärnet) is composed of less specialised units, and each operator is assigned to a unit near their home. This makes Hemvärnet the first qualified force on site, anywhere within

6264-497: The literature. Despite the lack of universal agreement, information-theoretic approaches to statistical synergy have been applied to diverse fields, including climatology, neuroscience sociology, and machine learning Synergy has also been proposed as a possible foundation on which to build a mathematically robust definition of emergence in complex systems and may be relevant to formal theories of consciousness. Synergy of various kinds has been advanced by Peter Corning as

6351-737: The losses would normally be expected to total less than 20%, yet, in some cases, losses are significantly greater. In such cases, it is said that the parasites in combination have a synergistic effect. Mechanisms that may be involved in the development of synergistic effects include: More mechanisms are described in an exhaustive 2009 review. Toxicological synergy is of concern to the public and regulatory agencies because chemicals individually considered safe might pose unacceptable health or ecological risk in combination. Articles in scientific and lay journals include many definitions of chemical or toxicological synergy, often vague or in conflict with each other. Because toxic interactions are defined relative to

6438-533: The merged entity. Examples include the headquarters office of one of the predecessor companies, certain executives, the human resources department, or other employees of the predecessor companies. This is related to the economic concept of economies of scale . The synergistic action of the economic players lies within the economic phenomenon's profundity. The synergistic action gives different dimensions to competitiveness, strategy and network identity becoming an unconventional "weapon" which belongs to those who exploit

6525-574: The middle. In 1996, the Hemvärnets Petrimedalj ("The Home Guard Petri Medal") in silver and bronze (HvPetriSM/BM) of the 8th size was established. It was revised in 2001. The medal ribbon is of green moiré with broad blue edges and with a yellow line in the middle of the blue fields. The ribbon is attached to a narrow pole carried by two slanting ornaments of leaves. In 2006, the Home Guard Bronze Medal (HvBM) of

6612-504: The military before this. Home Guard units were groups of usually eight to 15 men that were to serve as defence units in case of war, located in towns and in both private and state-owned factories, throughout all of Sweden. Members of these small units usually consisted of former professional military men who were equipped with rifles, machine guns, ammunition, medicine, uniforms, and had the option of buying additional materials such as skis, sweaters and marching boots. An additional group, called

6699-530: The mobilisation of the specialised, dynamic defence. The current organisation of the Swedish defence has highly specialised units which requires time to assemble. During this period, there would be no opposition for a forward operating resource such as an aerial troop landing. However the National Defensive Forces are stationed in the area where they live. In case of a surprise attack, the National Security Forces Handbook states that

6786-422: The national borders of Sweden. With this in mind, one of the primary roles are to protect the mobilisation of the specialised units as well as assisting through local knowledge. The lower degree of specialisation of the National Defence Force is here a significant strength, as they are by default able to function well in the random groups that would be formed during the initial phases of a surprise attack. Each unit

6873-421: The new company could use each salesperson to sell products X and Y, thereby increasing the revenue that each salesperson generates for the company. In media revenue , synergy is the promotion and sale of a product throughout the various subsidiaries of a media conglomerate , e.g. films, soundtracks, or video games. Financial synergy gained by the combined firm is a result of number of benefits which flow to

6960-410: The other hand has negative effects such as: reduced efficiency of operations, decrease in quality, underutilization of resources and disequilibrium with the external environment. A cost synergy refers to the opportunity of a combined corporate entity to reduce or eliminate expenses associated with running a business. Cost synergies are realized by eliminating positions that are viewed as duplicate within

7047-487: The police and Rescue Services. Territorial surveillance, base security, escort duties, transport protection, target identification and artillery spotting are other typical Home Guard duties. In addition to personnel who have completed their national service or Basic Military Training, the Home Guard includes a large proportion of specialists, for example, paramedics, motorcycle orderlies and dog handlers, that are recruited and trained by voluntary defence organizations. Sweden

7134-408: The regular forces, although it may vary between the sections depending on local budget and resources. From 2008, a Cadet at least 18 years of age who has completed at least the first three blocks of training is welcome to take a course to repeat and improve learned skills in order to serve in the regular Home Guard at age 20. This is very valuable to many of them, since many of them will not be needed in

7221-452: The relationships between "wholes" and "parts". In this context, synergy is said to occur when there is information present in the joint state of multiple variables that cannot be extracted from the individual parts considered individually. For example, consider the logical XOR gate . If Y = X O R ( X 1 , X 2 ) {\displaystyle Y=XOR(X_{1},X_{2})} for three binary variables,

7308-590: The rising rates of cancer, asthma, and other health problems may be caused by these combination exposures; others have alternative explanations. This question will likely be answered only after years of exposure by the population in general and research on chemical toxicity, usually performed on animals. Examples of pesticide synergists include Piperonyl butoxide and MGK 264 . Synergy exists in individual and social interactions among humans, with some arguing that social cooperation cannot be requires synergy to continue. One way of quantifying synergy in human social groups

7395-623: The sale of products for varied use or off-market sales as well as development of marketing tools and in several cases exaggeration of effects. It is also often a meaningless buzzword used by corporate leaders. Microsoft Word offers "cooperation" as a refinement suggestion to the word "synergy." A revenue synergy refers to the opportunity of a combined corporate entity to generate more revenue than its two predecessor stand-alone companies would be able to generate. For example, if company A sells product X through its sales force, company B sells product Y, and company A decides to buy company B, then

7482-442: The system as a whole, beyond that contributed independently by the parts, is created primarily by the relationship among the parts, that is, how they are interconnected. In essence, a system constitutes a set of interrelated components working together with a common objective: fulfilling some designated need. If used in a business application, synergy means that teamwork will produce an overall better result than if each person within

7569-547: Was unable to utilize local hospitals, the Swedish Red Cross was prepared to set up first aid stations for its use. The Home Guard with the national security forces are part of the Swedish Armed Forces' mission-based organization. The Home Guard is a unit and constitutes the basis for the protection of Sweden. It has the task of operating over the entire conflict scale, from societal support during great strains in peacetime to armed combat in times of war. The units of

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