98-653: Mi - ch from London Paddington The Henbury Loop Line , also known as the Filton to Avonmouth Line , is a railway line following the boundary between Bristol and South Gloucestershire between the Severn Beach Line at Hallen Marsh Junction, Avonmouth and the Cross Country Route / South Wales Main Line at Filton . It is currently only used for freight. The line was opened on 9 May 1910, as
196-604: A bushel is a fixed volume of 2,150.42 cubic inches (35.2391 liters). The mass of grain will therefore vary according to density. Some nominal weight examples are: The most common practical cooking measures for both liquid and dry ingredients in the U.S. are teaspoon , tablespoon , and cup , along with halves, thirds, quarters, and eighths of each. Units used are pounds , ounces , and fluid ounces . Common sizes are also used, such as can (presumed size varies depending on product), jar , square (e.g. of chocolate), stick (e.g. of butter), or portion of fruit or vegetable (e.g.
294-478: A Federal Register Notice (FRN) indicating the deprecation of the U.S. survey foot and U.S. survey mile units from December 31, 2022. In the following tables in this and subsequent sections, the most common measures are shown in italics , and approximate values are shown in parentheses; values not in parentheses are exact. Note that as announced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology ,
392-507: A US gallon. Consequently, a fluid ounce of water weighs about 1.041 ounces avoirdupois. For nutritional labeling and medicine in the US, the teaspoon and tablespoon are defined as a metric teaspoon and tablespoon—precisely 5 mL and 15 mL respectively. The saying, "a pint's a pound the world around", refers to 16 US fluid ounces of water weighing approximately (about 4% more than) one pound avoirdupois. An imperial pint of water weighs
490-528: A half lemon, two medium onions). Degrees Fahrenheit are used in the U.S. to measure temperatures in most non-scientific contexts. The Rankine scale of absolute temperature also saw some use in thermodynamics . Scientists worldwide use the kelvin and degree Celsius . Several U.S. technical standards are expressed in Fahrenheit temperatures, and some American medical practitioners use degrees Fahrenheit for body temperature. The relationship between
588-547: A more direct route to Avonmouth docks, and was initially known as the Avonmouth and Filton Railway. Although the line was mainly intended for freight services, passenger services were also provided until 1915, with stations at Filton Halt , Charlton , Henbury and Hallen . In 1917 a small station was opened at Chittening Platform to serve a new factory. The line was fully reopened to passenger traffic in 1922. Filton Halt, Charlton and Hallen stations did not reopen, but in 1926
686-479: A new station, North Filton Platform, was opened on the site of Filton Halt. The line closed to passenger traffic in 1964. In 1971 a curve was opened to link the line to the South Wales Main Line at Patchway . This was to facilitate traffic to and from South Wales, including zoo excursions to Clifton Down . Friends of Suburban Bristol Railways (FOSBR) and other local rail campaign groups support
784-584: A number of territories with less than a million inhabitants, most of which are UK or US territories, or have close historical ties with the UK or US: American Samoa, Bahamas, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Falkland Islands, Grenada, Guam, The N. Mariana Islands, Samoa, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, St. Helena, St. Kitts & Nevis, the Turks & Caicos Islands, and
882-403: A parallel measurement to the foot . The term "United States customary units" was used by the former United States National Bureau of Standards , although "English units" is sometimes used in colloquial speech. For measuring length, the U.S. customary system uses the inch , foot , yard , and mile , which are the only four customary length measurements in everyday use. From 1893, the foot
980-415: A pound and a quarter ( 20 oz ). There are varying standards for barrel for some specific commodities, including 31 gallons for beer, 40 gallons for whiskey or kerosene, and 42 gallons for petroleum. The general standard for liquids is 31.5 gal or half a hogshead. The common 55-gallon size of drum for storing and transporting various products and wastes is sometimes confused with a barrel, though it
1078-588: A trailing period—as "mi", "M", "ml", and "m". The American National Institute of Standards and Technology now uses and recommends "mi" to avoid confusion with the SI metre (m) and millilitre (ml). However, derived units such as miles per hour or miles per gallon continue to be abbreviated as "mph" and "mpg" rather than "mi/h" and "mi/gal". In the United Kingdom, road signs use "m" as the abbreviation for mile though height and width restrictions also use "m" as
SECTION 10
#17327980857361176-407: Is 1 ⁄ 16 of a US pint, 1 ⁄ 32 of a US quart, and 1 ⁄ 128 of a US gallon. The teaspoon, tablespoon, and cup are defined in terms of a fluid ounce as 1 ⁄ 6 , 1 ⁄ 2 , and 8 fluid ounces respectively. The fluid ounce derives its name originally from being the volume of one ounce avoirdupois of water, but in the US it is defined as 1 ⁄ 128 of
1274-646: Is U+3344 ㍄ SQUARE MAIRU , after マイル mairu . The international mile is precisely equal to 1.609 344 km (or 25146 / 15625 km as a fraction). It was established as part of the 1959 international yard and pound agreement reached by the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the Union of South Africa , which resolved small but measurable differences that had arisen from separate physical standards each country had maintained for
1372-489: Is a British imperial unit and United States customary unit of length; both are based on the older English unit of length equal to 5,280 English feet , or 1,760 yards . The statute mile was standardised between the Commonwealth of Nations and the United States by an international agreement in 1959 , when it was formally redefined with respect to SI units as exactly 1,609.344 metres . With qualifiers, mile
1470-652: Is also used to describe or translate a wide range of units derived from or roughly equivalent to the Roman mile (roughly 1.48 km ), such as the nautical mile (now 1.852 km exactly), the Italian mile (roughly 1.852 km ), and the Chinese mile (now 500 m exactly). The Romans divided their mile into 5,000 pedēs ("feet") , but the greater importance of furlongs in the Elizabethan-era England meant that
1568-554: Is based on the system in use in Britain prior to the introduction to the British imperial system on January 1, 1826. Both systems are derived from English units , a system which had evolved over the millennia before American independence , and which had its roots in both Roman and Anglo-Saxon units. The customary system was championed by the U.S.-based International Institute for Preserving and Perfecting Weights and Measures in
1666-538: Is based upon the length of a meridian of latitude . The German geographical mile ( geographische Meile ) was previously 1 ⁄ 15 ° of latitude (7.4127 km). The informal term "metric mile" is used in some countries, in sports such as track and field athletics and speed skating , to denote a distance of 1,500 metres (0.932 miles). The 1500 meters is the premier middle distance running event in Olympic sports . In United States high-school competition,
1764-635: Is defined by the First International Extraordinary Hydrographic Conference in Monaco as exactly 1,852 metres (which is 1.151 miles or 6,076.12 feet). In the United States, the nautical mile was defined in the 19th century as 6,080.2 feet (1,853.24 m), whereas in the United Kingdom, the Admiralty nautical mile was defined as 6,080 feet (1,853.18 m) and was about one minute of latitude in
1862-515: Is from Rome. The Italian mile ( miglio , pl. miglia ) was traditionally considered a direct continuation of the Roman mile, equal to 1000 paces, although its actual value over time or between regions could vary greatly. It was often used in international contexts from the Middle Ages into the 17th century and is thus also known as the "geographical mile", although
1960-401: Is legally defined as a measure of mass , but the name pound is also applied to measures of force . For instance, in many contexts, the pound avoirdupois is used as a unit of mass, but in some contexts, the term "pound" is used to refer to " pound-force ". The slug is another unit of mass derived from pound-force. Troy weight, avoirdupois weight, and apothecaries' weight are all built from
2058-454: Is not a standard measure. In the U.S., single servings of beverages are usually measured in fluid ounces. Milk is usually sold in half-pints (8 fluid ounces), pints, quarts, half gallons, and gallons. Water volume for sinks, bathtubs, ponds, swimming pools, etc., is usually stated in gallons or cubic feet. Quantities of gases are usually given in cubic feet (at one atmosphere). Minims, drams, gill, and pottle are rarely used currently. The gill
SECTION 20
#17327980857362156-675: Is often referred to as a "half-cup". The pottle is often referred to as a "half-gallon". Dry volume is measured on a separate system, although many of the names remain the same. Small fruits and vegetables are often sold in dry pints and dry quarts. The US dry gallon is less commonly used, and was not included in the handbook that many states recognize as the authority on measurement law. However pecks , or bushels are sometimes used—particularly for grapes , apples and similar fruits in agricultural regions. There have historically been five different English systems of mass: tower , apothecaries' , troy , avoirdupois , and metric . Of these,
2254-400: Is one group of units for measuring volumes of liquids (based on the wine gallon and subdivisions of the fluid ounce ), and one for measuring volumes of dry material , each with their own names and sub-units. Although the units and their names are similar to the units in the imperial system , and many units are shared between the two systems as a whole; with respect to volume, however, this
2352-470: Is quite the contrary. The independence of the U.S. from the British Empire decades prior to the reformation of units in 1824—most notably the gallon , its subdivisions, and (in mass) higher combinations above the pound —is the cause of the differences in values. As a non-participant in that reform, the U.S. retained the separate systems for measuring the volumes of liquids and dry material, whereas
2450-398: Is used in radar -related subjects and is equal to 6,000 feet (1.8288 kilometres). The radar mile is a unit of time (in the same way that the light year is a unit of distance), equal to the time required for a radar pulse to travel a distance of two miles (one mile each way). Thus, the radar statute mile is 10.8 μs and the radar nautical mile is 12.4 μs. The geographical mile
2548-666: The Sjællandske miil , for instance, had been 11.13 km. The Germans also used a longer version of the geographical mile . The Breslau mile , used in Breslau , and from 1630 officially in all of Silesia , equal to 11,250 ells , or about 6,700 meters. The mile equaled the distance from the Piaskowa Gate all the way to Psie Pole ( Hundsfeld ). By rolling a circle with a radius of 5 ells through Piaskowa Island , Ostrów Tumski and suburban tracts, passing eight bridges on
2646-703: The CIA World Factbook , the United States is one of three nations (along with Liberia and Myanmar (Burma) ) that have not adopted the metric system as their official system of weights and measures. Executive Order 12770 , signed by President George H. W. Bush on July 25, 1991, citing the Metric Conversion Act, directed departments and agencies within the executive branch of the United States Government to "take all appropriate measures within their authority" to use
2744-540: The British Empire before the U.S. became an independent country. The United Kingdom's system of measures evolved by 1824 to create the imperial system (with imperial units ), which was officially adopted in 1826, changing the definitions of some of its units. Consequently, while many U.S. units are essentially similar to their imperial counterparts, there are noticeable differences between the systems . The majority of U.S. customary units were redefined in terms of
2842-461: The Exchequer , which thereafter verified local standards until its abolition in the 19th century. New brass standards are known to have been constructed under Henry VII and Elizabeth I . Arnold's c. 1500 Customs of London recorded a mile shorter than previous ones, coming to 0.947 international miles (5,000 feet) or 1.524 km. The English statute mile
2940-532: The Metric Conversion Act of 1975, which made the metric system "the preferred system of weights and measures for U.S. trade and commerce". The legislation states that the federal government has a responsibility to assist industry as it voluntarily converts to the metric system, i.e., metrification . This is most evident in U.S. labeling requirements on food products, where SI units are almost always presented alongside customary units. According to
3038-670: The U.S. National Geodetic Survey left the decision of which (if any) definition of the foot to use to the individual states (and other jurisdictions). All SPCS 1983 systems are defined in meters, but forty jurisdictions also use the survey foot, six use the international foot, and ten do not specify which, if any, foot type should be used. In 2019, the NIST, working with the National Geodetic Survey (NGS), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Department of Commerce (DOC), issued
Henbury Loop Line - Misplaced Pages Continue
3136-466: The decempeda and dioptra then spread its use. In modern times, Agrippa's Imperial Roman mile was empirically estimated to have been about 1,618 yards (1,479 m; 4,854 ft; 0.919 mi) in length, slightly less than the 1,760 yards (1,609 m; 5,280 ft) of the modern international mile. In Hellenic areas of the Empire, the Roman mile ( ‹See Tfd› Greek : μίλιον , mílion )
3234-409: The geographical mile is now a separate standard unit. The Arabic mile ( الميل , al-mīl ) was not the common Arabic unit of length ; instead, Arabs and Persians traditionally used the longer parasang or "Arabic league ". The Arabic mile was, however, used by medieval geographers and scientists and constituted a kind of precursor to the nautical or geographical mile . It extended
3332-446: The international mile and international foot . In the United States, the term statute mile formally refers to the survey mile, but for most purposes, the difference of less than 1 ⁄ 8 inch (3.2 mm) between the survey mile and the international mile (1609.344 metres exactly) is insignificant—one international mile is 0.999 998 US survey miles—so statute mile can be used for either. But in some cases, such as in
3430-519: The meter and kilogram with the Mendenhall Order of 1893 and, in practice, for many years before. These definitions were refined by the international yard and pound agreement of 1959. The United States uses customary units in commercial activities, as well as for personal and social use. In science, medicine, many sectors of industry, and some government and military areas, metric units are used. The International System of Units (SI),
3528-405: The military . There are anecdotal objections to the use of metric units in carpentry and the building trades, on the basis that it is easier to remember an integer number of inches plus a fraction than a measurement in millimeters, or that foot-inch measurements are more suitable when distances are frequently divided into halves, thirds, and quarters, often in parallel. The metric system also lacks
3626-448: The statute mile was made equivalent to 8 furlongs or 5,280 feet in 1593. This form of the mile then spread across the British Empire , some successor states of which continue to employ the mile. The US Geological Survey now employs the metre for official purposes, but legacy data from its 1927 geodetic datum has meant that a separate US survey mile ( 6336 / 3937 km) continues to see some use, although it
3724-543: The " ban mile" ( banska milja ), had been the Austrian mile given above. The Ottoman mile was 1,894.35 m (1.17709 mi), which was equal to 5,000 Ottoman foot. After 1933, the Ottoman mile was replaced with the modern Turkish mile (1,853.181 m). The CJK Compatibility Unicode block contains square-format versions of Japanese names for measurement units as written in katakana script. Among them, there
3822-474: The 10th century, the nominal prototype physical standard of English length was an arm-length iron bar (a yardstick) held by the king at Winchester ; the foot was then one-third of its length. Henry I was said to have made a new standard in 1101 based on his own arm. Following the issuance of Magna Carta in 1215, the barons of Parliament directed John and his son to keep the king 's standard measure ( Mensura Domini Regis ) and weight at
3920-638: The NAD27, is defined in metres. State Plane Coordinate Systems were then updated, but the National Geodetic Survey left individual states to decide which (if any) definition of the foot they would use. All State Plane Coordinate Systems are defined in metres, and 42 of the 50 states only use the metre-based State Plane Coordinate Systems. However, eight states also have State Plane Coordinate Systems defined in feet, seven of them in US survey feet and one in international feet. State legislation in
4018-409: The Roman computations of the mile as 5,000 feet, 1,000 paces , or 8 longer divisions, which they equated with their " furrow 's length" or furlong . The origins of English units are "extremely vague and uncertain", but seem to have been a combination of the Roman system with native British and Germanic systems both derived from multiples of the barleycorn . Probably by the reign of Edgar in
Henbury Loop Line - Misplaced Pages Continue
4116-538: The Roman mile is the milestone . All roads radiated out from the Roman Forum throughout the Empire – 50,000 (Roman) miles of stone-paved roads. At every mile was placed a shaped stone. Originally, these were obelisks made from granite, marble, or whatever local stone was available. On these was carved a Roman numeral , indicating the number of miles from the centre of Rome – the Forum. Hence, one can know how far one
4214-670: The Roman mile to fit an astronomical approximation of 1 arcminute of latitude measured directly north-and-south along a meridian . Although the precise value of the approximation remains disputed, it was somewhere between 1.8 and 2.0 km. The " old English mile " of the medieval and early modern periods varied but seems to have measured about 1.3 international miles (2.1 km). The old English mile varied over time and location within England. The old English mile has also been defined as 79,200 or 79,320 inches (1.25 or 1.2519 statute miles). The English long continued
4312-403: The U.S. survey foot, the statute mile can be defined using either definition of the foot, as is the case for all other units listed in this table. However, use of definitions based on the U.S. survey foot should be avoided after December 31, 2022 except for historic and legacy applications." The cubic inch , cubic foot and cubic yard are commonly used for measuring volume. In addition, there
4410-404: The UK or US. The modern English word mile derives from Middle English myle and Old English mīl , which was cognate with all other Germanic terms for miles . These derived from the nominal ellipsis form of mīlle passus 'mile' or mīlia passuum 'miles', the Roman mile of one thousand paces . The present international mile is usually what is understood by
4508-506: The US State Plane Coordinate Systems (SPCSs), which can stretch over hundreds of miles, the accumulated difference can be significant, so it is important to note that the reference is to the US survey mile. The United States redefined its yard in 1893, and this resulted in US and Imperial measures of distance having very slightly different lengths. The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), which replaced
4606-562: The US Virgin Islands. The mile is even encountered in Canada, though this is predominantly in rail transport and horse racing, as the roadways have been metricated since 1977. Ireland gradually replaced miles with kilometres, including in speed measurements; the process was completed in 2005. The US survey mile is 5,280 US survey feet , or 1,609.347 metres and 0.30480061 metres respectively. Both are very slightly longer than
4704-451: The US is important for determining which conversion factor from the metric datum is to be used for land surveying and real estate transactions, even though the difference (2 ppm ) is hardly significant, given the precision of normal surveying measurements over short distances (usually much less than a mile). Twenty-four states have legislated that surveying measures be based on the US survey foot, eight have legislated that they be based on
4802-465: The US survey foot and US survey mile, as permitted by their 1959 decision, with effect on January 1, 2023. The nautical mile was originally defined as one minute of arc along a meridian of the Earth. Navigators use dividers to step off the distance between two points on the navigational chart, then place the open dividers against the minutes-of-latitude scale at the edge of the chart, and read off
4900-477: The US survey foot, and other units defined in terms of it, have been deprecated since 2023, "except for historic and legacy applications". The most widely used area unit with a name unrelated to any length unit is the acre . The National Institute of Standards and Technology formerly contended that customary area units are defined in terms of the square survey foot, not the square international foot, but from 2023 it states that "although historically defined using
4998-468: The US survey mile. Foreign and historical units translated into English as miles usually employ a qualifier to describe the kind of mile being used but this may be omitted if it is obvious from the context, such as a discussion of the 2nd-century Antonine Itinerary describing its distances in terms of miles rather than Roman miles . The mile has been variously abbreviated in English—with and without
SECTION 50
#17327980857365096-421: The United Kingdom and other countries, is based on avoirdupois, with variations from U.S. customary units larger than a pound. The pound avoirdupois, which forms the basis of the U.S. customary system of mass, is defined as exactly 453.59237 grams by agreement between the U.S., the United Kingdom, and other English-speaking countries in 1959. Other units of mass are defined in terms of it. The avoirdupois pound
5194-407: The avoirdupois weight is the most common system used in the U.S., although Troy weight is still used to weigh precious metals. Apothecaries' weight—once used by pharmacies—has been largely replaced by metric measurements. Tower weight fell out of use in England (due to legal prohibition in 1527) centuries ago, and was never used in the U.S. The imperial system, which is still used for some measures in
5292-561: The definition of the foot in the Mendenhall Order of 1893, with 1 foot = 1200 / 3937 (≈0.304800609601) metres and the definition was retained for data derived from NAD27, but renamed the US survey foot to distinguish it from the international foot. Thus a survey mile = 1200 / 3937 × 5280 (≈1609.347218694) metres. An international mile = 1609.344 / ( 1200 / 3937 × 5280) (=0.999998) survey miles. The exact length of
5390-1038: The different temperature scales is linear but the scales have different zero points, so conversion is not simply multiplication by a factor. Pure water freezes at 32 °F = 0 °C and boils at 212 °F = 100 °C at 1 atm . The conversion formula is: { T } ∘ F = 9 5 { T } ∘ C + 32 {\displaystyle \{T\}_{\mathrm {^{\circ }F} }={\tfrac {9}{5}}\{T\}_{\mathrm {^{\circ }C} }+32} or inversely as { T } ∘ C = 5 9 ( { T } ∘ F − 32 ) . {\displaystyle \{T\}_{\mathrm {^{\circ }C} }={\tfrac {5}{9}}{\bigl (}\{T\}_{\mathrm {^{\circ }F} }-32{\bigr )}.} Length Volume Mass Force Energy Power Pressure Torque Insulation Various combination units are in common use; these are straightforwardly defined based on
5488-515: The discrepancy with latitude measurement to less than 2%). The metric system was introduced in the Netherlands in 1816, and the metric mile became a synonym for the kilometre, being exactly 1,000 m. Since 1870, the term mijl was replaced by the equivalent kilometer . Today, the word mijl is no longer used, except as part of certain proverbs and compound terms like mijlenver ("miles away"). The German mile ( Meile )
5586-456: The distance in nautical miles. The Earth is not perfectly spherical but an oblate spheroid , so the length of a minute of latitude increases by 1% from the equator to the poles, as seen for example in the WGS84 ellipsoid , with 1,843 metres (6,046 ft) at the equator, 1,862 metres (6,108 ft) at the poles and average 1,852 metres (6,076 ft). Since 1929 the international nautical mile
5684-414: The grain and ounce (apothecaries' has scruple and dram , troy has pennyweight , and avoirdupois has just dram, sometimes spelled drachm ). The dram in avoirdupois weighs just under half of the dram in apothecaries'. The fluid dram unit of volume is based on the weight of 1 dram of water in the apothecaries' system. To alleviate confusion, it is typical when publishing non-avoirdupois weights to mention
5782-438: The imperial system had unified the units for both under a new imperial gallon. The U.S. uses the pre-1824 gallon (231 cubic inches, 3,790 cm ) and Winchester bushel (2,150.42 cubic inches, 35,239.1 cm ), as opposed to British 1824 definition of 1 imperial gallon (4.5 L; 1.2 US gal) = 10 lb (4.5 kg) of water and the bushel as 8 imperial gallons (36 L; 9.6 US gal). One US fluid ounce
5880-474: The imperial system is identical to that in the U.S. customary system. In the U.S., only the ounce, pound and short ton – known in the country simply as the ton – are commonly used, though the hundredweight is still used in agriculture and shipping. The grain is used to describe the mass of propellant and projectiles in small arms ammunition . It was also used to measure medicine and other very small masses. In agricultural practice,
5978-671: The international foot, and eighteen have not specified which conversion factor to use. SPCS 83 legislation refers to state legislation that has been passed or updated using the newer 1983 NAD data. Most states have done so. Two states, Alaska and Missouri , and two jurisdictions, Guam and Puerto Rico , do not specify which foot to use. Two states, Alabama and Hawaii , and four jurisdictions, Washington, DC , US Virgin Islands , American Samoa and Northern Mariana Islands , do not have SPCS 83 legislation. In October 2019, US National Geodetic Survey and National Institute of Standards and Technology announced their joint intent to retire
SECTION 60
#17327980857366076-429: The land mile varied slightly among English-speaking countries until the international yard and pound agreement in 1959 established the yard as exactly 0.9144 metres, giving a mile of exactly 1,609.344 metres. The US adopted this international mile for most purposes, but retained the pre-1959 mile for some land-survey data, terming it the U. S. survey mile . In the United States, statute mile normally refers to
6174-612: The late 19th century. Some advocates of the customary system saw the French Revolutionary, or metric, system as atheistic. The president of an Ohio auxiliary of the Institute wrote that the traditional units were "a just weight and a just measure, which alone are acceptable to the Lord". His organization later went so far as to publish music for a song proclaiming "down with every 'metric' scheme". The U.S. government passed
6272-412: The latitudes of the south of the UK. Other nations had different definitions of the nautical mile. The nautical mile per hour is known as the knot . Nautical miles and knots are almost universally used for aeronautical and maritime navigation, because of their relationship with degrees and minutes of latitude and the convenience of using the latitude scale on a map for distance measuring. The data mile
6370-554: The length of an ell was not standardised, so that the length of a mile could range between 3,280 m and 4,280 m. In the sixteenth, the Dutch had three different miles: small ( kleine ), medium ( middelbaar/gemeen ), and large ( groote ). The Dutch kleine mile had the historical definition of one hour's walking ( uur gaans ), which was defined as 24 stadia, 3000 paces, or 15,000 Amsterdam or Rhineland feet (respectively 4,250 m or 4,710 m). The common Dutch mile
6468-517: The length of the rod by 1 ⁄ 11 would have amounted to a significant tax increase. Parliament instead opted to maintain the mile of 8 furlongs (which were derived from the rod) and to increase the number of feet per mile from the old Roman value. The applicable passage of the statute reads: "A Mile shall contain eight Furlongs, every Furlong forty Poles, and every Pole shall contain sixteen Foot and an half." The statute mile therefore contained 5,280 feet or 1,760 yards. The distance
6566-548: The line be re-opened for passenger services. A consultation document produced for the West of England Partnership by the Halcrow Group suggested passenger services use the line as a spur. Campaigners objected that the suggested services would not call at stations such as Stapleton Road and Lawrence Hill . A one-off service, operated by First Great Western , ran on the line on 27 July 2013. The train operator hoped to use
6664-538: The line was pushed back to 2026. In March 2023 construction work began on Ashley Down station , which, along with Filton Abbey Wood and new stations at North Filton and Henbury , will serve a planned new route along part of the Henbury Loop Line. This line has been identified by Campaign for a Better Transport as a candidate for reopening. Mile The mile , sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles,
6762-628: The metric system "as the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce" and authorized the Secretary of Commerce "to charter an Interagency Council on Metric Policy ('ICMP'), which will assist the Secretary in coordinating Federal Government-wide implementation of this order." U.S. customary units are widely used on consumer products and in industrial manufacturing. Metric units are standard in science, medicine, as well as many sectors of industry and government, including
6860-419: The mile was changed as with improved calculations of the circumference of the Earth. In 1617, Willebrord Snellius calculated a degree of the circumference of the Earth at 28,500 Rijnlantsche Roeden (within 3.5% of the actual value), which resulted in a Dutch mile of 1900 rods. By the mid-seventeenth century, map scales assigned 2000 rods to the common Dutch mile, which equalled around 7,535 m (reducing
6958-414: The modern form of the metric system , is preferred for many uses by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). For newer types of measurement where there is no traditional customary unit, international units are used, sometimes mixed with customary units: for example, electrical resistance of wire expressed in ohms (SI) per thousand feet. The United States system of units of 1832
7056-680: The most accepted equivalencies are 1,976 Imperial yards (1.123 statute miles or 1.81 km). It was legally abolished three times: first by a 1685 act of the Scottish Parliament , again by the 1707 Treaty of Union with England, and finally by the Weights and Measures Act 1824 . It had continued in use as a customary unit through the 18th century but had become obsolete by its final abolition. The Irish mile ( míle or míle Gaelach ) measured 2,240 yards: approximately 1.27 statute miles or 2.048 kilometres. It
7154-414: The name of the system along with the unit. Precious metals, for example, are often weighed in "troy ounces", because just "ounce" would be more likely to be assumed to mean an avoirdupois ounce. For the pound and smaller units, the U.S. customary system and the British imperial system are identical. However, they differ when dealing with units larger than the pound. The definition of the pound avoirdupois in
7252-638: The previous standards was 2 ppm , or about 3.2 millimetres ( 1 ⁄ 8 inch) per mile. The US standard was slightly longer and the old Imperial standards had been slightly shorter than the international mile. When the international mile was introduced in English-speaking countries, the basic geodetic datum in America was the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27). This had been constructed by triangulation based on
7350-527: The reopening of the line to passengers, as well as the stations at North Filton and Henbury . FOSBR suggest this would help services along the Severn Beach Line , allowing a Bristol Temple Meads - Avonmouth - Bristol Parkway service, and also provide services to the north of Bristol generally, the Cribbs Causeway shopping centre, and the redevelopment at Filton Aerodrome . South Gloucestershire Council planning committee recommended in 2011 that
7448-511: The same basic unit, the grain, which is the same in all three systems. However, while each system has some overlap in the names of their units of measure (all have ounces and pounds), the relationship between the grain and these other units within each system varies. For example, in apothecary and troy weight, the pound and ounce are the same, but are different from the pound and ounce in avoirdupois in terms of their relationships to grains and to each other. The systems also have different units between
7546-414: The service to demonstrate the feasibility of running services over the line, and to make the case for suitable funding. and depends in part upon the four-tracking of Filton Bank to allow more trains to operate the line from Bristol Temple Meads to Filton Abbey Wood . Work on restoring four-track use on Filton Bank was completed in late 2018. In October 2022 the opening of a new station, North Filton, on
7644-413: The survey mile, about 3.219 mm ( 1 ⁄ 8 inch) longer than the international mile (the international mile is exactly 0.0002% less than the US survey mile). While most countries abandoned the mile when switching to the metric system , the international mile continues to be used in some countries, such as Liberia , Myanmar , the United Kingdom and the United States. It is also used in
7742-443: The symbol for the metre, which may be displayed alongside feet and inches. The BBC style holds that "there is no acceptable abbreviation for 'miles ' " and so it should be spelled out when used in describing areas. The Roman mile ( mille passus , lit. "thousand paces"; abbr. m.p. ; also milia passuum and mille ) consisted of a thousand paces as measured by every other step—as in
7840-491: The term is sometimes used for a race of 1,600 metres (0.994 miles). The Scandinavian mile ( mil ) remains in common use in Norway and Sweden, where it has meant precisely 10 km since metrication in 1889. It is used in informal situations and in measurements of fuel consumption, which are often given as litres per mil . In formal situations (such as official road signs) only kilometres are given. The Swedish mile
7938-458: The total distance of the left foot hitting the ground 1,000 times. When Roman legionaries were well-fed and harshly driven in good weather, they thus created longer miles. The distance was indirectly standardised by Agrippa 's establishment of a standard Roman foot (Agrippa's own) in 29 BC , and the definition of a pace as 5 feet. An Imperial Roman mile thus denoted 5,000 Roman feet . Surveyors and specialised equipment such as
8036-602: The two definitions is insignificant – one international foot is exactly 0.999 998 of a US survey foot, for a difference of about 1 ⁄ 8 in (3 mm) per mile – but it affects the definition of the State Plane Coordinate Systems (SPCSs), which can stretch over hundreds of miles. The NAD27 was replaced in the 1980s by the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), which is defined in meters. The SPCSs were also updated, but
8134-432: The unqualified term mile . When this distance needs to be distinguished from the nautical mile, the international mile may also be described as a land mile or statute mile. In British English , statute mile may refer to the present international mile or to any other form of English mile since the 1593 Act of Parliament , which set it as a distance of 1,760 yards . Under American law , however, statute mile refers to
8232-608: The way, the standard Breslau mile was determined. The Saxon post mile ( kursächsische Postmeile or Polizeimeile , introduced on occasion of a survey of the Saxon roads in the 1700s, corresponded to 2,000 Dresden rods , equivalent to 9.062 kilometres. The Hungarian mile ( mérföld or magyar mérföld ) varied from 8.3790 km to 8.9374 km before being standardised as 8.3536 km. The Portuguese mile ( milha ) used in Portugal and Brazil
8330-683: The yard. As with the earlier statute mile , it continues to comprise 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet. The old Imperial value of the yard was used in converting measurements to metric values in India in a 1976 Act of the Indian Parliament. However, the current National Topographic Database of the Survey of India is based on the metric WGS-84 datum , which is also used by the Global Positioning System . The difference from
8428-494: Was 2.0873 km prior to metrication. The Russian mile ( миля or русская миля , russkaya milya ) was 7.468 km, divided into 7 versts . The Croatian mile ( hrvatska milja ), first devised by the Jesuit Stjepan Glavač on a 1673 map, is the length of an arc of the equator subtended by 1 / 10 ° or 11.13 km exactly. The previous Croatian mile, now known as
8526-687: Was 24,000 German feet. The standardised Austrian mile used in southern Germany and the Austrian Empire was 7.586 km; the Prussian mile used in northern Germany was 7.5325 km. Following its standardisation by Ole Rømer in the late 17th century, the Danish mile ( mil ) was precisely equal to the Prussian mile and likewise divided into 24,000 feet. These were sometimes treated as equivalent to 7.5 km. Earlier values had varied:
8624-410: Was 32 stadia, 4,000 paces, or 20,000 feet (5,660 m or 6,280 m). The large mile was defined as 5000 paces. The common Dutch mile was preferred by mariners, equating with 15 to one degree of latitude or one degree of longitude on the equator . This was originally based upon Ptolemy 's underestimate of the Earth's circumference. The ratio of 15 Dutch miles to a degree remained fixed while the length of
8722-474: Was established by a Weights and Measures Act of Parliament in 1593 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I . The act on the Composition of Yards and Perches had shortened the length of the foot and its associated measures, causing the two methods of determining the mile to diverge. Owing to the importance of the surveyor's rod in deeds and surveying undertaken under Henry VIII , decreasing
8820-623: Was legally defined as exactly 1200 ⁄ 3937 m (approximately 0.304 8006 m ). Since July 1, 1959, the units of length have been defined on the basis of 1 yd = 0.9144 m . The U.S., the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries agreed on this definition per the International Yard and Pound Agreement of 1958. At the time of the agreement, the basic geodetic datum in North America
8918-439: Was not uniformly adopted. Robert Morden had multiple scales on his 17th-century maps which included continuing local values: his map of Hampshire , for example, bore two different "miles" with a ratio of 1 : 1.23 and his map of Dorset had three scales with a ratio of 1 : 1.23 : 1.41 . In both cases, the traditional local units remained longer than the statute mile. The English statute mile
9016-474: Was officially phased out in 2022. While most countries replaced the mile with the kilometre when switching to the International System of Units (SI), the international mile continues to be used in some countries, such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and a number of countries with fewer than one million inhabitants, most of which are UK or US territories or have close historical ties with
9114-673: Was said to have been codified under Dyfnwal the Bald and Silent and retained unchanged by Hywel the Good . Along with other Welsh units, it was discontinued following the conquest of Wales by Edward I of England in the 13th century. The Scots mile was longer than the English mile, as mentioned by Robert Burns in the first verse of his poem " Tam o' Shanter ". It comprised 8 (Scots) furlongs divided into 320 falls or faws (Scots rods ). It varied from place to place but
9212-527: Was standardised as 36,000 Swedish feet or 10.6884 kilometres (6.6415 miles) in 1649; before that it varied by province from about 6 to 14.485 km. United States customary unit United States customary units form a system of measurement units commonly used in the United States and most U.S. territories , since being standardized and adopted in 1832. The United States customary system developed from English units that were in use in
9310-443: Was superseded in 1959 by the international mile by international agreement. The Welsh mile ( milltir or milldir ) was 3 statute miles and 1,470 yards long (6.17 km). It comprised 9,000 paces ( cam ), each of 3 Welsh feet ( troedfedd ) of 9 inches ( modfeddi ). (The Welsh inch is usually reckoned as equivalent to the English inch.) Along with other Welsh units , it
9408-404: Was the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27), which had been constructed by triangulation based on the definition of the foot in the Mendenhall Order of 1893, that is 1 ft = 1200 ⁄ 3937 m : this definition was retained for data derived from NAD27, but renamed the US survey foot to distinguish it from the international foot. For most applications, the difference between
9506-593: Was used beside the native Greek units as equivalent to 8 stadia of 600 Greek feet . The mílion continued to be used as a Byzantine unit and was also used as the name of the zero mile marker for the Byzantine Empire , the Milion , located at the head of the Mese near Hagia Sophia . The Roman mile spread throughout Europe, with its local variations giving rise to the different units. Also arising from
9604-468: Was used in Ireland from the 16th century plantations until the 19th century, with residual use into the 20th century. The units were based on " English measure " but used a linear perch measuring 7 yards (6.4 m) as opposed to the English rod of 5.5 yards (5.0 m). The Dutch mile ( mijl ) has had different definitions throughout history. One of the older definitions was 5,600 ells . But
#735264